高中英语七选五做题技巧(教师版)
技法1| 依据“行文逻辑”线索
文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、解释、例证、并列、层递、转折、对比、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。
1．总分关系
From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability，money，and time. 16 Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
B．Ability is easily improved.
[思路分析]空格前面提到了三个原因：ability，money，time。空格后面提到了money是作者改天再讨论的话题，紧接着后面提到了怎样充分利用time，所以这里应该与第一项ability有关。
2．解释关系
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.
37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)．These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
[思路分析]空格前首次提到了荷尔蒙，空格后介绍的是荷尔蒙的功能，由此可推测该空应该是对hormones进行解释。
3．例证关系
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
C．Without wandering minds，we wouldn't have relativity，Coke or Post-it notes.
[思路分析]选项中的relativity，Coke or Post-it notes与前句的the greatest ideas and achievements 和后句的such ideas and inventions为对应关系，而且是具体的实例，应属于例证关系。
4．并列关系
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)．18 ．However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
[思路分析]由本段中的Some people may think...和Others are concerned about ...可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的Still others may simply enjoy与上文衔接自然，属于并列关系。
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
[思路分析]空格前的一句和空格后的一句都是空想家的外在表现，主句都是they，故推断空格中的主语很有可能也是they，再根据句意可判定选B，三句话为并列关系。
5．层递关系
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.16.Before you begin your training，buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 17 ．As always，you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them
[思路分析]根据空格后的句中的before each run可判定空格内的句子和run有关系，空格前的句子说的是“当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度”，然后进一步说“如果感觉舒服的话，可以开始跑步”，属于层递关系。
6．转折关系
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.
A．However，women，on average，live longer.
[思路分析]空格前说“如今在工业化国家男人和女人寿命都更长”，而空格后说“大致来说，她们比男人能多活六七年”，根据逻辑推断，空格处应该选A项“但平均而言，女人寿命更长”与前文形成转折关系。
7．对比关系
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that's not what's important. 19 —how being in those gardens made us feel.If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.20.For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
C．It's our experience of the garden that matters
[思路分析]空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的来进行对比，故选C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”。
8．因果关系
38.When buying fish，you should first smell it.Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
A．Do not buy it.
[思路分析]空格前说“任何鱼腥味或浓烈的臭味都说明这鱼不新鲜”，因此，空格内的句子“这样的鱼不能买”与前句形成因果关系。
Unfortunately，we've all been victims of betrayal.Whether we've been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. 37 It's understandable，but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.
E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
[思路分析]E项“他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生”是上句Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。
技法2| 依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索
1．连接性词语
连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。例如：
(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；
(2)平列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another等；
(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等；
(4)对比关系：in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等；
(5)层递关系：also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，what's more等。
[考题回放1]
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
[思路分析]空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的”，由weigh the risk and the reward可锁定F项中的weigh risks and rewards，F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。
[考题回放2]
First，understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.
A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.
[思路分析]选项中的also helps与空格前句中的will help相对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的是进入空想的条件，为层递关系。
2．词汇复现
复现是指作者在文章上下文的不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述。复现主要有同义词复现、近义词复现和反义词复现等。
Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
[思路分析]选项中的ad与上句中的advertisement相对应，前句说“对广告中所包含的信息一定要特别当心”，后句介绍应注意江湖骗术，B项“广告的目的是卖出商品”符合该段语境。
3．属相同范畴的词汇
Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study. 72 D．And examine the findings of the original research.
[思路分析]根据该段作为主题句的第一句Go to the original source.(去探寻最初的来源。)可知，这一段都是围绕这个话题展开的，D项中的the original research与主题句相照应，与original source属于相同范畴的词汇。
4．属上下位包含关系的词汇
39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a man's.Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.40.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
C．Women are also helped by their female genes.
[思路分析]由空格后的genes可锁定C项中的female genes，代入后，符合语境，可作为本段的主题句。
5．冠词和代词
[考题回放1]
38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men.
D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
[思路分析]本段说的是女性的身体优势。空格后的They是解题关键，综观各选项，只有D项的主语The female hormones可以是they所指内容。做本题时应关注代词they和选项中定冠词the表达的含义。
[考题回放2]
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
[思路分析]第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，选项B与第一句为顺承关系。
6．特殊疑问词
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?
[思路分析]根据第一句The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.(未来的工作尚未发明出来)并且结合空格后面的By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well(通过帮助他们发展可以为他们很好服务的经典技能)可知，空格处应该是个问句，D项“那么我们该如何帮助孩子们为尚不存在的工作做好准备呢？”符合语境。
技法3| 依据全文或段落的“主题”线索
文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段，就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。
1．概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”
38 They entertain us in our spare moments.Good novels，books on poetry and short stories，give us great enjoyment.At times we become so absorbed in our books that we forget even our important arrangements.Loneliness is no trouble for a reader.
C．When we are alone，books are our best friends.
[思路分析]空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”。空格后面的三句话为论据，最后一句为结论，意为“对一位读者来说没有孤独感”，因此C项“当我们独自一人时，书是我们最好的朋友。”符合题意。
2．根据“论据”推导出“论点”
38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
A．Learn to really trust yourself.
[思路分析]空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会……”可判定选A项意为“学会真的相信你自己”。
3．根据“相似度”原则确定主题
文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度，据此可快速找出正确选项。
1．Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already？17.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？18.Make three or four instead.It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3．19 This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
A．Try new things.
[思路分析]此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容，根据前面的两项内容可判定应为祈使句。结合空格后面的信息词surprise，experimentation，new ideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。
4．根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that's not what's important.19.It's our experience of the garden that matters—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 ．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
G．For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have
[思路分析]由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”，空格后说“然后走出去，制订计划，把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园”。根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”。
A
(2016·太原市模拟)
How to get along with your boss
In your career，you may have to report to a manager，the person you call boss. 1 Here are some tips to help you develop an effective relationship with your boss.
The first step is to develop a positive relationship with your boss.Relationships are based on trust. 2 Keep timetable commitments(承诺)．Never blindside your manager with surprises that you could have predicted or prevented.Keep him/her informed about your projects and interactions with the rest of the organization.
Tell the boss when you've made an error or one of your reporting staff has made a mistake. 3 Lies or efforts to mislead always result in further stress for you as you worry about getting “caught”．Communicate daily or weekly to build the relationship.
Recognize that success at work is not all about you. 4 Identify your boss's areas of weakness or greatest challenges and ask what you can do to help.What are your boss's biggest worries? How can your contribution reduce these concerns? Understand your boss's goals and priorities.Place emphasis in your work to match her priorities.Think in terms of the overall success of your department and company，not just about your narrow world at work.
5 Does he/she like frequent communication，autonomous(主动的) employees，requests in writing in advance of meeting，or informal conversation as you pass in the hallway? Your boss's preferences are important.The better you understand them，the better you will work with him/her.
If you sometimes disagree and occasionally experience an emotional reaction，don't hold hatred.Don't make threats about leaving.Disagreement is fine.You need to come to terms with the fact that your boss has more authority and power than you do.
A. Value your boss's time.
B．Do what you say you'll do.
C．Identify what he/she values in an employee.
D．Cover-ups don't contribute to an effective relationship.
E．Put your boss's needs at the center of your universe.
F．Learning how to read your boss's moods and reactions is also helpful.
G．The relationship with your boss is important for your work success and career progress.
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些与老板友好相处的建议。
1．G[下文提到，以下是一些有助于你与老板关系融洽的建议。G项意为“与老板之间的关系对于你工作上的成功和事业上的进步来说很重要”，讲述的是与老板建立好关系的重要性，与下文提出建议形成因果关系，符合语境。故选G。]
2．B[根据上文可知，关系应建立在信任的基础之上；根据下文可知，要遵守承诺。B项意为“做你说过要做的事”，与上下文衔接密切，符合语境。故选B。]
3．D[根据上文可知，如果你或你的汇报人员犯了错误，要告诉老板。D项意为“隐瞒不利于发展良好的关系”，与上文话题紧密相连，并照应下文对谎言的不利之处的进一步描述，符合语境。故选D。]
4．E[上文提到，要认识到工作上的成功并不仅仅局限于你自己；根据下文可知，确定你老板的弱点或最大挑战，看看自己能帮他做些什么。故E项“把老板的需要放在你的中心位置”，起过渡作用，照应上文“is not all about you”且与下文话题衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。]
5．C[此处为该段主题句，根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，要弄清楚老板喜欢什么样的员工。C项意为“确定他/她看重员工的哪个方面”，体现了本段的中心，符合语境。故选C。]
B
(2016·石家庄市教学质量检测)
Everyone can benefit from making an effort to practice gratitude(感激) every day.The following three steps can help you start feeling more grateful，and appreciative of the good things in your life：
Notice the Good Things in Your Life
6 Pay attention to the small everyday details of your life—nature，people，community，shelter，creature comforts like
a warm bed or a good meal.And then start a gratitude journal.Making a commitment to writing down good things each day makes it more likely that we will notice good things as they happen.
Enjoy the Feeling of Gratitude
There are moments when you naturally，right then and there，feel filled with gratitude.These are moments when you say to yourself，“Oh，wow，this is amazing！” or “How great this is！” Pause.7 Let it sink in.Enjoy your blessings the moment they happen.
Express Gratitude
Expressing gratitude is more than being polite. 8 Show your appreciation to someone who really did something nice.Say：“ It was really kind of you to...” “You did me a big favor when...” or “Thank you for being there when...”．9 Hold the door open for the person behind you，even if it means waiting a little longer than you normally would.
True gratitude doesn't leave you feeling like you owe other people something—after all，if you've done someone a favor，you probably don't want the person to feel like you expect something back in return. 10
A．It's about showing your heartfelt appreciation.
B．Notice and absorb that feeling of true gratitude.
C．You can also express gratitude by doing a kindness.
D．It's all about feeling good and creating a cycle of good.
E．Start to notice and identify the things you are grateful for.
F．Help someone without letting the person find out it was you.
G．It's amazing what you notice when you focus on feeling grateful.
本文主要介绍了帮助人们感受生活中的美好事物的三个步骤。
6．E[依据本段的标题“留心生活中美好的事情”可知，选E。开始留心并确定你要感恩的事情。]
7．B[由第三段的标题Enjoy the Feeling of Gratitude和空格前的举例可知，B项中的“that feeling of true gratitude”与之呼应。]
8．A[本段的标题是表达感恩，上文说明表达感恩不仅仅有礼貌，它表达你衷心的感谢。A项中的It指代上文的Expressing gratitude。]
9．C[由下文的“Hold the door open for the person behind you”可知，你也可以为他人做一个友好的举动来表达你的感恩。]
10．D[依据上文可知，你帮助他人时，不期待人家对你的回报，D项中的creating a cycle of good“创造一个善行的循环”符合语境。]
C
(2016·云南红河州检测)
We spend so much time waiting to be loved，hoping love will find us，and looking for that special love.Unfortunately，that's not usually how life works.To be loved，you should love and respect yourself as much as you do others.In order to love someone，you should love yourself.
● Stop comparing yourself to others.11 We all have different gifts.When you compare yourself to others for what they have，whether it is a car，a house，or a job，it makes you feel bad about yourself.Really be grateful about everything you have.Gratitude keeps your heart open to love.
●Practise receiving love.To truly love is to be able to receive it.When someone loves you，does some kind deeds to you，or says kind words，accept it. 12 Know that you are worthy of love.It is important to accept a gift of love by others.You give yourself a chance to learn more about yourself that you are lovable. 13
● 14 Write about your experiences，good and bad.When you write down good experiences，allow yourself to feel those feelings.When you remember bad experiences，allow yourself to feel https://www.docsj.com/doc/cb816328.html,passion is not self-pity，but rather willingness to accept one's own pain and regret.
●Stop trying to be perfect.Stop blaming yourself for being less than perfect.15
Just follow all the steps above and don't let anyone's expectations of you put any pressure on you.
A. Keep a diary.
B．Appreciate yourself.
C．Do not feel sorry about it.
D．Always do your best，but not reaching perfection is not a failure.
E．Allow yourself to feel the love that has come your way.
F．You give someone a joy of giving by loving you.
G．Everyone on the earth is unique.
本文是一篇议论文，告诉我们想要被爱首先要学会爱自己，在爱自己的前提下去爱别人。
11．G[根据后一句“我们都有不同的天赋”可知，这是因为世界上的每个人都是独一无二的。故选G项。] 12．E[根据前一句“当有人爱你时，对你做一些善意的举动或说些亲切的话时，你就接受吧”可知。要用自己的方式感受爱的存在。故选E项。]
13．F[根据前文“接受别人爱的赠予是重要的，从中你可以更好地了解自己是多么可爱”可知，你在接受爱你的人给予你爱的同时，爱你的人也会感到快乐。故选F项。]
14．A[根据后一句“经常写下你的体验，无论好的还是坏的”可知，作者建议你经常写日记。故选A项。]
15．D[根据前文内容可知，作者建议你不要刻意地去追求完美。故选D项。]
D
(2016·郑州市质量预测)
Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in School
A new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a child's performance at school. 16 They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students' chances of success in school.
More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project. 17 It is said to be the first ever long-term study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.
The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams. 18
The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.
Celine McStravick is the director of the National Children's Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social media and test results.“ 19 I think that's more because social media is part of every child's life.It's the way they communicate.It's the way they keep in touch with their friends.”
Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction. 20 It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.
A．However，the study did not explore addiction.
B．The new games are much different from older ones.
C．It was clear that social media didn't have any effect.
D．It took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.
E．That compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.
F．Drug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.
G．Britain's National Children's Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.
本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响青少年的学习成绩。
16．G[上文提到，一份新的研究警告说，孩子玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响他在学校的成绩。G项讲的是英国的一个机构对这项研究的结果进行了报告，承接上文话题，并与下句中的“They show”相照应。故选G。] 17．D[上文提到，有600多名年龄在14至16岁的青少年参与了这次研究。D项意为“这项研究从2013年开始，到2015年结束，持续了三年”，与上文话题紧密相连，且与下文中的“be the first ever long-term study”照应，符合语境。故选D。]
18．E[上文提到，在每天玩两次甚至更多次电脑游戏的学生中，只有41%的学生学习成绩过关。E项提到，很少玩游戏的学生成绩过关的比例达到了77%，与上文话题形成了对比关系，符合语境。故选E。] 19．C[上文提到，Celine McStravick认为这份研究表明，社交媒体和考试结果之间没有联系。空格处为Celine McStravick说的话。C项意为“很明显，社交媒体没有任何影响”，与上文话题照应，符合Celine McStravick的看法。故选C。]
20．A[上文提到，有些父母将玩电脑游戏比喻成毒瘾。A项意为“但是，这项研究并没有对上瘾展开研究”，与上文话题照应，且形成转折关系，符合语境。故选A。]