初中英语语法精讲精练及初中英语语法口诀大全

David

专题一名词

一名词的分类：

1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：

1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

二，名词变复数：

2 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：

people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。

5. 定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

1) 用复数作定语。例如：

sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系

2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials

3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：

goods train （货车）arms produce 武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷

4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：

two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

专题二冠词

一、不定冠词的用法：

1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any, 如: A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes

steel.

2、泛指某人或某物。 A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk.

3、表one或every。We work 8 hours a day. I go home twice a month.

4、表示the same 的意思。Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a

kind come together.

5、用在不可数名词前

a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份 A large coffee for me. It was a wonderful

tea.

b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）

It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling. There is a cold wind this morning.

c)（用在抽象名词前）一种That is a great disappointment. It’s a pleasure to work

with you.

6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。

I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00. He had a Van Gogh in the

dining-room.

What a strange London they saw! He’s a living Lei Feng.

7、用于某些固定词组中。a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have

a cold等。

8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an, 如an apple, an English book。要以发音为准，并非

以元音字母而定。

如a university, an hour, an “h”, an X-ray examination.

二、定冠词的用法。

1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。

The boy likes the film. Shut the door, please. The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker.

2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun（但space前不

用）

3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。the second, the tallest, the last, the first.

4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。

the United States; the People’s Republic of China; the Communist Party of China;

the Chinese People’s Liberation Army; the No. 15 Middle School; the department of Education.

5、用在某些建筑物名称前。

The Great Hall of the People; the Monument to the People’s Heroes; the Great Wall;

the Capital Theatre; the Space Museum; the Peace Hotel。

6、用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。

The Changjiang River, the Red Sea, the Dabie Mountains, the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Persian Gulf。

7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。

the People’s Daily（但：China Daily）the New York Times, the 15th Party Congress, the Geneva Agreement

8、用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。

on the left, in the east, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end, hit sb on the head, catch sb by the arm

9、用在形容词前表一类人。the poor, the dead, the young, the rich, the wounded.

10、用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。Give me the book. Who’s the man?

11. 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。

the Smiths, the Greens, the Wangs, the Turners

12. 用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。

The horse is a useful animal.The computer was invaded not long ago.

13. 指世纪的年代。in the 1890’s或in the 1890s

14.用在表示乐器的名词前。play the piano (the guitar, the violin, the flute)

15. 用在某国语言前，构成the … language的形式。

The English language is very widely used all over the world.

如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。

Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world.

16.用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。He got paid by the hour. They sell the cloth

by the meter.

三．零冠词的场合。

a)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。

China, Johnson; A ir is matter. Sound is invisible.

b)当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。This book is good. I

read my English book every day.

c)注：指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。＊my that book, 应该说：that book of mine.

街名、广场名、公园名前。Wall Street. Tian’anmen Square, Hyde Park.

d)省市、大学名前。

Hubei Province (但the Province of Hubei); Wuhan City(但the City of Wuhan);

Qinghua University(但：the University of Qinghua)

e)湖泊前一般不用冠词。East Lake, Salt Lake, Dongting Lake

f)山峰前不用冠词。Mount Hua, Mount Tai, Mount Everest

g)月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。

March, Christmas, Sunday; Have you had lunch? Spring is the best season of the years.

(但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。I arrived here in the winter of 1993.)

h)称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。What’s this, John?We

made Li Hai monitor.

i)学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。We like maths. They often play football.

j)泛指的复数名词前。Students must work hard at their lesson.

K）与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。by bus, by hand, by radio, by air, by water.

配套习题：冠词练习

( )1.John is____university student. A.some B.any C.a D.an

( )2.He gave my sister ____useful book yesterday. A.an B.a C./ D.the

( )3.I have___Uncle.He is good at mending TV stes. A.an B.a C./ D.the

( )4.There is ___“s”in the word“smile”. A.a B.an C.the D./

( )5.Mr Smith always gives me ___hand when I am in trouble. A.a B.an C.the D./

( )6.The cartoon “Mulan ”is___interesting film and___story happened in China. A.a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.an;a

( )7.We often have sports after class,and I like to play____basketball. A.a B.an C.the D./

( )8.----Where’s Xiao Ming?-----He’s having___rest over there. A.a B.an C.the D./ ( )9.There is ___“h”in the word“hour”. A.a B.an C.the D./

( )10.____earth we live on is bigger than_____moon. A.The;a B.The;the C.An;a D.An ;the

( )11.The scientists from___United States live in __Ninth Street. A.the;the B./;the C./;/ D.the;/

( )12.---What’s the matter with you?----I caught ____bad cold and had to stay in____bed. A.a;/ B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the

( )13.John likes playing ____football.But he doesn’t lke playing ___piano. A.the;the B./;the C./;/ D. the;/

( )14.She is one of ___most popular teachers in this school. A.a B.the C./ D.much ( )15.Tom has___high fever and his mother is looking after him. A.a B.the C.an D./ ( )16.This is a story about____one—eyed dog. A.a B. the C.an D./

( )17.---Have you got__E--mail address?---Oh,yes,mine is wjb@https://www.docsj.com/doc/ba13335850.html,. A.the B.an C.a D./

( )18.We can’t see ___sun on a rainy day. A.a B.the C./ D.an

( )19.The house in ___front of the river is on ____fire. A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;a ( )20.---What color is____orange?----It’s ____orange. A.an,an B.an,the C.an,/

D./,the

( )21.Every year___Mother’s Day is on__second Sunday in May. A.the,the B./,the C.the,/ D./,/

( )22.---Are you having ___good time?---Yes,but I’m feeling a little tired.I want to have____rest.

A.a,/

B./,a

C.a,a

D.the,a

( )23.We can’t see ___sun at __night. A.a,/ B.a,the C.the,/ D.the,the

( )24.He is very rich.However,he often says___rich should help___poor. A.the;a B.a;the C.the;the D./;/

( )25.__Great Wall is __longest wall in the world．A．A；a B.The；the C．A；the DThe；a ( )26．Bill is _______ English teacher．He likes playing _______ football．A．a；the B．an；the C．a；／D．an；／

27．The museum is quite far．It will take you half ____hour to get there by ___ bus．A．an；／B．an；

a C．a；／D．／；／

28._____Blacks are going to the park this Sunday.Why don’t we go for___walk? A.A,a B.An,/

C.The,a

D./,a

29.He is very rich.However,he often says___rich should help___poor. A.the;a B.a;the

C.the;the

D./;/

30.Jane is___taller of the two. A.the B.a C.an D./

31_______ woman over there is ______popular teacher in our school．A．A；an B．The；a C．The；the D．A；the

32．Is he _____ American boy ？A．an B．a C．one D．／

33．They passed our school ___day before yesterday．A．an B．one C．a D．the 34．Australia is ___English-speaking country．A．a B．an C．the D．／35．There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．

36．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．

专题三代词

一.人称代词

人称代词所有格称为物主代词。物主代词分为两类：

①形容词性的，如my, her, your, their等；

②名词性的，如mine，hers，yours，theirs等。由于受汉语影响，我们常犯以下两种错

误：

1)漏用代词，主要是形容词性的物主代词，因为汉语中常常将它省略。例如：

I have done my homework.（不能说* I have done homework.）

We clean our classroom every day.（不能说* We clean classroom every day．）

二.反身代词

1.“反身”用法

反身代词作句中宾语时，表示动作返回到主语本身。或者说，句子的主语和宾语是同一个人或物。例如：

He hurt himself．（作动词宾语）Dick bought himself a new coat.（作间接宾语）I heard Jane talk to herself.（作介词宾语）

2.强调用法：反身代词用作同位语时，在句中起强调作用，其位置也比较灵活。例如：

I went to see the chairman myself．（强调主语）We spoke to the mayor himself．（强调宾语）

The mayor himself met us at the door.（紧随主语之后）The mayor met us at the door himself.（在句末）

三.不定代词

1.用some还是用any

1)一般说来，some用于肯定；any用于否定，例如：There are some letters for you. There

aren't any letters for me．

2.either与neither

either指“两者之中任何一个”，neither指“两者都不”通常与单数动词连用。但在非正式英语中也可与复数动词连用。例如：You've got two answers. Either is correct.

Neither is wrong．

3.nobody, no one, nothing和none

nobody和no one指人，作单数，后面不能接of 短语,例如：Nobody／No one knows why she was late again．

nothing指物，作单数；none指人或物，作单救或复数均可。none既可用于可数名词，也可用于不可数名词,

例如：None of the money on the table is mine.

4.every与each

every强调的是“全体”；each则强调的是具体“每一个”。例如：On every／each side of the square there were soldiers.

此外，each可作名词性代词，如：Each has two books.（each作主语）We each are satisfied with our own rooms.

(each作同位语，常位于主语和谓语动词之间，谓语动词及代词等应与主语一致。)

We are satisfied with our own rooms each. (each作同位语时，也可置于句末。)

5.other, the other和another

1)other表示“另外的（人或物）”，“其他的（人或物）”，其复数形式为others。例如：

There are other ways of doing this exercise．Lei Feng was always ready to he1p others.

2)the other表示两者之中的“另一个（人或物）”，其复数形式为the others，例如：

He has a pen in one hand and a book in the other.。

Only three of the students were in the classroom；the others were all on the playground.

当other泛指“别人”时，前面不加定冠词：We must always be ready to help others.

3)another表示不定数目中的“另一个或类似的下个（人或物）”，还可与数词连用，

表示“再，又”的意思。

例如：How about another cup of tea？The strike may last another two weeks.

6.one

1)one只可用于指代可数名词，其复数形式是ones。例如：

If you can't find your pen，use the one on the table. What nice shirts！which one／ones shall we buy？

2)one／ones通常不能直接用在their，my，his等物主代词以及a（n），own，several

和名词所有格后面。例如：

His knife seems sharper than mine.（不能用my one代替mine）

They don't like this town；they want very much to go back to their own.

（不能用* their own one代替their own 或their own country）

但是，当one／ones前面还带有形容词时，则例外。如：

Have you any knives？I need a sharp one. My old dictionary isn't as good as John's new one．

3)the／this／that one与that：

that可以指代不可数名词，而one不能。如：

The weather in Wuhan is much warmer than that in Tianjing. （that不能用the one取代）

that后面常接of短语。

例如：This dictionary is more expensive than that one.（that one＝that dictionary. one一

般不省略）

The window of your room is much bigger than that of mine.

（that＝the window，它后面有of短语，一般不用the one替代）

有时候the one和that可以互相取代，如：

The gold ring is in that box --- the one（＝that）with the key in the lock.

4)one可以泛指人，相当于you，we，people，其所有格为one's。例如：

One should do one's／his duty．

专题四指示代词和不定代词

一.指示代词

1. this 和these 表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物；that 和those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。

如：This is a pen and that is a ruler.这是一支钢笔，那是一把尺子

2.向别人介绍某个人时，要说“This is...”，介绍两个人时，先用“This is...”介绍一个人，

然后用“That is...”介绍另一个人。如：This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥那是我妹妹

3.that 和those 还可以指前文中的事物，this 和these 指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。

如：I got up late,that's why I missed the bus. 我起床迟了，这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。

4.one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. （不定）我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. （同类但不同个）你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. （同一物）我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了

二.不定代词

不定代词，即不指明代替某特定名词或形容词的代词

1.常用不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no

以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone等

2.除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。I have no idea about it.

3.all 都，指三者以上。all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。

All goes well. 一切进展得很好。all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，

如：不说all the book，而说the whole book。both 都，指两者。

4.neither 两者都不

a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。

either（两者中任何一个），neither （两者都不）。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。

5. some 某些，一些，某个

1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2) 当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。

注意：(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。(2)some用于其他句式中:

a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Would you like some coffee?

b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know.

c.some位于主语部分, Some students haven't been there before.

6. none 无人或无

不定代词none的含义和all相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。

它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。

例如：none of the problems is /are easy to solve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语，代替可数名词）

7.every 和each

1) every 强调全体的概念，each强调个体概念。

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。

2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。

3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。

Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every 与not 连用，表示部分否定；each 和not连用表示全部否定。

Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。.

8.one/another/the other

1) 泛指另一个用another。

2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。

4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全

部时，也用others。

9.Many，much都意为"许多"，many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。

How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left?

10. few, little, a few, a little

(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了

He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了

专题五形容词和副词

一.形容词

1.定义用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质

2.用法：1. 作定语。例如：This is a old house. 2. 作表语. 例如：I am sorry to hear that .

3.作宾语补足语。例如：She made her mother angry.

3.某些形容词前加上定冠词the，可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。

例如：（1）The old are looked after well. (2) We should help the poor.

二.副词

1.定义用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句。

2.用法：1. 作状语。例如：(1)They work hard.(副词修饰动词) (2) They are quite right(副词修饰形容词)

(3) He park the car very easily.(副词修饰副词) (4) Unfortunately, he was out .(副词修饰整个句子)

三.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化

单音节词和部分双音节词

(1) 一般在词尾加er ，est。hard---harder----hardest great----greater-----greatest

(2) 以字母e结尾的加r，st。nice---nicer---nicest

(3)重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er，est.

big---bigger---biggest fat--fatter--fattest thin--thinner--thinnest

(4)多音节词和部分双音节词在其前加more，most.

interesting--more interesting--most interesting carefully--more carefully--most carefully

quickly--more quickly--most quickly happily--more happily--most happily 表示"较不..."和"最不..."时，可用less和least

difficult---less difficult---least difficult beautiful---less beautiful---least beautiful （5）部分特别词的变化：good---better----best well--- better---best bad/ill---worse---worst many/much---more---most little---less---least

far---farther/further---farthest/furthest old---older/elder---oldest/eldest

四.用法：

1. 两者之间的比较用比较级: (1) He runs faster than his friend. (2) Who is younger,Tom or John?

2. 三者或三者以上之间进行比较用最高级

(1) She is the most beautiful girl in her class . (2) Which is the biggest,the sun,the moon

or the earth?

3. 比较级前可以用much,a little,even,still,a lot来修饰如；Our school is much more beautiful than your school.

4.在一些含有比较级的句子里，常用that或those来代替前面所提到的词。

如：(1) The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai .

(2) The boys in our class are more than those in your class.

5.形容词比较级前加the或“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越...”

(1)The more ,the better . 越多越好(2) The busier he is ,the happier he feels. 他越忙越感到开心

(3)The weather is getting colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷

6. 副词的最高级可以不用定冠词the，如：The boy writes most carefully in his class.

五.原级比较：

1.结构......as +原级+as.......（前者与后者一样）；......not as/so +原级+as.......（前者不如后者那么...）

如：(1) The coat is as old as that one. (2) The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .

2..原级的特殊用法：

1.表示“是...的几倍”。句型是.....times +as+原级+ as...

This house is three times as large as that one. 这座房子是那座房子的三倍大

2.表示“尽可能.....”句型：...as+原级+as possible/one can.

We should get up as early as possible/we can我们应该尽可能的早起。

配套习题：形容词与副词的比较级与最高级

(一)：翻译句子：

1．这本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.

2．你游泳没有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.

3．今天比昨天冷的多。It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.

4．对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _____ ______ ______ than that one. 5．他比我大两岁。He is _____ ______ ______ than I.

6．这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.

7．她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.

8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.

9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _______ he gets.

10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _______ ______ ______ of two.

David

(四)：用所给词的正确形式填空：

1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _more clever______ (clever).

2. Gold(黄金) is _less_ (little) useful than iron(铁).

3. My sister is two years ___older____ (old ) than I.

4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _youngest____ (young) child.

5. The ___cheapest__ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.

6. The short one is by far __more_____ expensive of the five.

7. The boy is not so ____interested__ (interesting) as his brother.

8. Dick sings ___well__ (well), she sings ___better___(well) than John, but Mary

sings___best___(well) in her class.

9. She will be much ____happier__ (happy) in her mew house.

10. This dress is __twice as more expensive as____ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)

二．单行选择：

（）1. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important

（）2 This pencil is___ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long

（）3 These children are ____ this year than they were last year.

A. more tall

B. more taller

C. very taller

D. much taller

（）4 It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot

（）5 Our classroom is____ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much

（）6 This film is_____interesting than that one. A.more B.much C.very D.the most

（）7 China is larger than ____ in Africa A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country

（）8 Tom is stronger than ___ in his class. A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy （）9 When spring comes, it gets____.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter

（）10 By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English.

A. more and more

B. much and much

C. many and many

D. less and least

（）11 At last he began to cry ___.

A. hard and hard

B. more hard and more hard

C. harder and harder

D. less hard and less harder

（）12 When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.

A. short; long

B. long; short

C. longer; shorter

D. shorter; longer

（）13___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it. A. The best; the more B. The more; the less C. The more; less D. More; the more

（）14___ he read the book, ____he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting

C. The more; the more interested

D. More; more interested

（）15 Which do you like ___, tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best D. most

（）16 Which do you think tastes ____, the chicken or the fish?A. good B. better C. best D. well （）17 Who jumped____of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far

（）18 Li Lei is___ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest

（）19 The fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small child. A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest

（）20 Who is---of you three? A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older

（）21 Tom is one of ____ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall

（）22 The tree is ___ in the garden. A. the taller B. the tallest C. taller than of-all D. tall.

（）23 Which is___, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest （）24 Which language is____, English, French or Japanese?

A. easy

B. the most easy

C. the easiest o

D. much more easy

（）25 Which is____interesting, science, maths or English？A. more B. the most C. very D. too （）26 Which city is____, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

A. beautiful

B. more beautiful

C. much more beautiful

D. the most beautiful

（）27 Which month is____, June, July or August? A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest （）28 I am twelve; Mike is fourteen; Mary is thirteen. So Mike is the ___ of the three.

A. old

B. older

C. oldest

D. the oldest

（）29 My ____ brother is three years ____ than I. A. elder; elder B. older; oldest C. elder; older D. older; elder

（）30 His ____ son often go to see him on Sunday. A. eldest B. older C. the eldest D. the older

（）31He is two years ___ than I. A. elder B. smaller C. younger D. Less

专题六动词时态

一、一般现在时：

（1）概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况，以及客观真理。

（2）时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom, never, every…，once a week，on Sundays，etc.

例如：we don’t go to school on Sundays. The earth moves around the sun.

二、一般过去时：

(1)概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

(2)时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week（year，night，month…），

in 1989，just now，

at the age of 5，one day，（long long，two days ）ago，once upon a time，etc.

例如：Where did you go just now? When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

三、一般将来时：

（1）概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

（2）时间状语：tomorrow，next day（week，month，year…），soon，in a few minutes，the day after tomorrow，this evening, in 2012 , by the year 2012，etc.

（3）基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

四、现在进行时：

(1)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

(2)时间状语：now，listen，look，at this time，these days，etc.

(3) 基本结构：am/is/are+doing

例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel these days . It's getting warmer and warmer. 五、过去进行时：

（1）概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

（2）时间状语：at this time yesterday，at seven o’clock yesterday evening, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

(3)基本结构：was/were+doing

例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

It was raining when they left the station.

六、现在完成时：

(1)概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

(2) 时间状语：for接时间段，since接时间点或时间状语从句，just（刚刚），already（已

经），never（从来没有），

ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（已经），once（一次），twice（两次），many

times（很多次），

how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years

（最近三年来）

(3)基本结构：have/has + done

例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years。I have lived here since I was born.

七、过去完成时：

(1)概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

(2)时间状语：by last week, by the end of last year（term，month…），by the time etc.

(3)基本结构：had + done.

例如：He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

配套习题：时态复习练习题

一．单行选择：

（）1. ----Is this your coat ,sir ? ---- No , mine ___ over there near the window .A. hangs B. is hanging C. hung D. has hung

（）2. Could you please tell me how soon ___ ? A. is your brother back from Britain B. your brother is back from Britain

C. will your brother be back from Britain

D. your brother will be back from Britain （）3. Bad luck ! We ___ Mount Emei when it rained heavily . A. climbed B. were climbing C. are climbing D. have climbed

（）4. ---- Is that Jack speaking ? ---- Sorry ,he isn’t in right now . He ___the cinema with his aunt.

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. have been to

D. have gone to

（）5. ---- When did you borrow the English story-book ? ---- I borrowed it last week . I ___ it for a week .

A. have bought

B. have kept

C. have borrowed

D. had

（）6. ---- May I speak to Mr Green ? ---- Sorry , he ___ London . But he’ll back in two days .

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. has been in

D. went to

（）7. Mr.Read knows Taizhou very well . He ___ here many times . A. is B. will come C. came D. has been

（）8. My friend ___ the army in 1989 . A. joins B. join C. joined D has joined

（）9. There ___ a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow .

A. will have

B. will be

C. is going to have

D. would be

（）10. Don’t make any noise .Grandma ___. A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping

（）11. ---- ___ your brother ___ a new watch ? ---- Not yet . A. Have ; bought B. Did ; buy C. Has ; bought D. will ; buy

（）12. He ___ here in 1980 . He ___ a teacher for over ten years .

A. came ; was

B. came ; has been

C. has come ; is

D. has come ;has been （）13. She ___ the dictionary to Alice yet . A. has retur ned B. hasn’t returned C. would

return D. returned

（）14. Bill was listening to the radio while Ann ___ TV . A. watched B. has watched C. was watching D. watch

（）15. As soon as I get there I ___ you . A. telephone B. telephoned C. have telephoned D. will telephone

（）16. The teacher said the earth ___ around the sun . A. move B. moved C. moving D. moves

（）17. I’ll come to see you as soon as I ___ back . A. will be B. am being C. was D. am

（）18. I’ll tell Mrs Green about it as soon as she ___ back . A. will come B. is coming C. comes D. came

（）19.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five

A. kept…waited

B. have kept…waited

C. kept…have waited

D. have kept…have waited （）20.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour.

A. has…been…has gone

B. has…gone…has been

C. did…go…went

D. did…be…went （）21.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.

A. Has…cried…has stopped

B. Is…crying…stopped

C. Did …cry…stoppe d

D. Is…crying…has stopped

（）22. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years.

A. knew...have lived C. knew...live C. know...have lived D. know (iv)

（）23. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.

A. Have…gone to

B. Have…gone in

C. Have…been to

D. Have …been in

二．综合填空：

I h_______ a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her l_____, she said that she w_____ come to England next year. If she c_______, she will get a surprise. We are now l_______ in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The h_____ was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay w_____ us. The house has many large r______ and there is a lovely g______. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some p______. It must be the only modern house in the district.

专题七被动语态

一.总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice)和被动语态（The Passive Voice).

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

二.被动语态的结构：be + 动词过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)

三.主动句变被动句万能口诀：抓.看.变. 1.抓宾语 2.看时态 3.变动词

四.被动语态的基本时态变化：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态.：（构成：am / is / are + 动词的过去分词）

Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China.

2.一般过去式的被动语态: （构成：was / were + 动词的过去分词）

His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928.

3.现在进行时的被动语态: （构成：am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词）

A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park.

4.过去进行时的被动语态: （构成：was / were + being + 动词的过去分词）

A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

5.一般将来时的被动语态:

构成：(1) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(2) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.

Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

6.现在完成时的被动语态:（构成：have / has + been + 动词的过去分词）

Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already.

7.含情态动词的被动式：（构成：can/may/must/should + be + done）

例如：He can not be found. I must be paid for this.

五. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1.有些动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，可以分别把主动结构中的一个宾语变

为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。（常见的接双宾语的动词有：send, pass, give, post, bring ,buy, show, take）

主动句：His mother gave him a present for his birthday.

被动句：He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

或 A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.

2.在使役动词let, make, have,以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, listen to等后面不定

式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

Someone saw a stranger walk on the road. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk on the road.

3.主动结构表示被动意义：

（1）英语中有很多动词如drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

This kind of shirt sells well.这种样式的裙子卖的很好。

(2) look, taste, smell, seem, sound等系动词用主动结构表示被动意义。

The soup tastes good.

She looks very beautiful today.

(3) 只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。如:happen, take place, break out ,belong to，last.

Great changes have taken place in our hometown.

配套习题：英语被动语态练习题

（）1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is，built B. Was , built C. Does ; build D . Did ; build

（） 2.An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

（） 3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow （） 4.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

（） 5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been

given C. will be given D. gives

（） 6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done

（） 7.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent （） 8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C .is; used D. are; used

（） 9.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

（） 10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D. asks to

（） 11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us

（）12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump （） 13.Older people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after

（） 14.Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened

（） 15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

（） 16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested. A. has been B. had been C.

has D. had

（） 17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?

A. would be completed

B. will be completed

C. had been completed

D. is being completed （） 18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.

A. have taken place; was founded

B. has taken place; was founded

C. have been taken place; founded

D. took place; founded

（）19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? —She has _______ by her classmates.

A. laughed

B. laughed at

C. been laughed

D. been laughed at

（） 20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need

（）21. I promise that matter will _______. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of

（） 22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B.

given C. to give D. be given

（） 23. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given

（） 24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?

A. prevent from

B. prevented from

C. be prevented from

D. to prevent from

（） 25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C.

been built D. be building

（） 26. This bike ________ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought

（） 27. Did you see the house that ___ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed

（）28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.

A. hasn’t been decided

B. isn’t deciding

C. doesn’t decide

D. hasn’t decided （） 29. The pen ____ me. It is hers.A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to

（） 30. I can’t use my bike because it _______. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing

（） 31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.

A. was expected; heard

B. had expected; hear

C. had hoped; hear

D. was hoped; heard （） 32．- The window is dirty. —I know. It _____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned （） 33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing.

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. has been completed

D. had been

completed

（） 34.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been

employed D .will you be employed

（） 35.—What happened to the priceless works of art? —_______.

A. They were destroyed in the earthquake

B. The earthquake was destroying them

C. They destroyed in the earthquake

D. The earthquake destroyed them

（）36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.

A. killed

B. is killed

C. was killed

D. was killing

（）37. Rainforests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut

B. are cut

C. are being cut

D. had been cut

（） 38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.

A. has changing

B. has changed .

C.will have changed

D. will change

（） 39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

（） 40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built

B. is built

C. has been built

D. is being built

[参考答案]

1-5 BDACC 6-10 BBBBB 11-15 BDBAB 16-20 BBADC 21-25 BABCB 26-30 BDACB 31-35 ADDBA 36-40 CCABD

专题八：动词不定式

一.概念：动词不定式属于非谓语动词形式的一种.不定式的形式：to do sth 不定式可以在句

子中做主语.表语.宾语.定语.状语.补语，具有名词、形容词和副词的功能。

二.动词不定式的用法：

1、用途一：具有名词特征，可以在句子中作主语

作主语时，要记住：谓语动词要使用单数的动词形式。例如：

To say is easy, to do is difficult. 说的容易，做来难。

To travel in space will come true. 在太空旅行即将成为现实。

在充当主语的位置上可用it 替代不定式，这时句子意思不变。

It will come true to travel in space. 在太空旅行即将成为现实。

在使用不定式作主语时，记住典型句型是It is /was +形容词+to do sth 如：

It is hard to learn English well.

2、用途二：具有名词特征.可以在及物动词之后作宾语。

常见动词有：

begin(开始)，decide(决定)，hate(憎恨)，like(喜欢)，love(喜爱)，refer(宁愿)，start(开始)，want(想要)，wish(希望)等。例如：He began to learn English at the age of thirteen. 他十三岁时开始学习英语的。

She decided to leave here at once. 她决定立即离开这里。

在believe (相信), feel (感到)，find (发现)，guess (猜想)，think (想) 等动词之后作宾语时，若后面再有补语时，可用it作形式宾语。

例如：I find it difficult to play football well. 我发现踢好足球很难。

I think it very interesting to play computer games. 我想玩电脑游戏很有趣。

另外，还可以和除why以外的疑问词连用，以“疑问词+ to do sth.”的形式作动词的宾语。

例如：I don’t decide what/which/whom to choose. 我没有决定选择什么/ 哪一个/ 谁。

He explains how to use the computer. 他解释如何使用电脑。

I wonder when and where to visit the fashion show. 我想知道什么时候，在哪里参

观那个时装表演。

还可以和whether连用，如：He hasn’t told me whether to do the job. 他没告诉我是否做那工作。

3、用途三：可以作宾语补足语：用不定式作宾语补足语的动词如：ask (请求)，advise (建议)，

beg (祈求)，invite (邀请)，order (命令)，tell(告诉)，warn(警告)，wish(希望)等。这时的句型是：动词+ sb +to do sth

例如：I asked Jim to teach me English. 我请吉姆教我英语。

Mr. Green invited me to have dinner with him. 格林先生邀请我和他一起吃饭。

He tells me not to open the window. 他告诉我不要打开窗户。

在某些动词后作宾语补足语时，需接不带to的不定式，常见动词如feel (感觉)，hear (听见)，listen to (听……)，see(看见)，watch (观看)，look at (看……)，notice (注意)，smell (闻)，make(使)，have (使)，let (让) had better(最好)等。

例如：I hear someone knock at the door. 我听见有人敲门了。

The boss made us work twelve hours a day. 老板每天让我们工作十二小时。

但是上述动词在变为被动语态以后，需要加上to .

例如：We were made to work twelve hours a day. 我们每天被要求工作十二小时。

She was noticed to wait for a bus just now. 有人注意到她刚才在等公共汽车了。4、用途四：可以在句子中作状语。跟在不及物动词之后，表示动作的行为、目的、原因、方式等等，

常见的动词如：come (来)，go (去)，stop (停下来)等等，例如：

He came to learn how to use the computer. 他来学习如何使用电脑。

Let’s stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息吧。

记住在glad, pleased, surprised, sorry 等形容词后可以接句子。例如：

I am surprised to hear what you said. 听了你的话我感到很惊讶。

I’m sorry to fail in the driving exam. 我很遗憾没有通过这次驾驶考试。

5、用途五：在句子中可以作定语：在句子中修饰名词或代词，作定语使用。

中心词要放在不定式的前面，两者具有动宾关系。

例如：He has a lot of work to do. 他有很多工作要做。

She has an important meeting to attend. 她有一个重要的会议要参加。

6、用途六：可以用在连系（be）动词后做表语。例如：Her job is to look after the old man. 她的工作是照看这位老人。

My wish is to buy myself a house. 我的愿望是给自己买一栋房子。

配套习题：动词不定式练习题

一，单项选择：

（）1. Her wish is _____ a famous singer. A. become B. became C. becomes D. to become

（）2. Our monitor is always ready _____ others. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping （）3. Have you decided _____ for your holidays? A. go where B. where to go C. to go where D. where go

（）4. Would you please _____ me a chair _____? A. give; to sit on B. give; to sit C. giving; sit D. to give; sit on

（）5. There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know _____.

A. what to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose which

D. to choose what （）6. Though he had often made his sister _____, today he was made _____ by his sister.

A. cry; crying

B. crying; crying

C. cry; to cry

D. to cry; cry

（）7. –Why are you going shopping if you don’t _____?

-My wife wants _____ with her. A. want to; I go B. want; me going C. want to; me to go D. want; to go

（）8. We are often told _____ people in trouble. A. to smiling B. not to smile C. to laugh D. not to laugh at

（）9. You look so tired. Why not _____ a rest? A. stop having B. to stop have C. stop to have D. to stop to have

（）10. Mary went ___ after she finished ___ her work. A. swim; doing B.to swim; to do C.to swim; doing D. swimming; to do

（）11. A fridge is used for _____ vegetable and food cool. A. keptB. keepingC. to keepD. keeps （）12.. The farmers on the farm are busy _____ apples on the trees. A. picking B. to pick C. pick D. picked

（）13. One day when Edison was five years old, his father saw him _____ some eggs. A. sat B. to sit C. sitting D. was sitting

（）14. She has no paper ____ A. to write B. to write with C. writing on D. to write on （）15. When class began, we stopped _____ to the teacher carefully. A. listening B. listen C. listens D. to listen

（）16. There are so many kinds of radios in the shop. I can’t decide ____

A.to buy what

B. to buy which

C. what to buy

D. which to buy

（）17.–Do you often hear John _____ in his room? -Listen! Now we can hear him _____ in

初中英语语法记忆小口诀

英语语法记忆口诀 1.初中阶段常见的以Ｏ结尾的名词变复数需加-es的，可以这样记忆： 两人两菜（Negro，ｈero,ｐotato,tomaｔo)； 一句话(Negrｏeｓandｈｅroeｓliｋe to eａt poｔaｔｏes and tｏmaｔoes) 生命的加-es（如:heｒｏes，phatoes）,无生命的加-ｅs (如：zoo?zｏos, pianｏpｉaｎos）． 2.某国人变复数 中日不变英法变,其余-S加后面。 3.人称代词主格、宾格记忆口诀 人称代词分主、宾，只有八对要区分; 你(们)、它主、宾同形，其余主、宾要分清。 4.人称代词排序口诀 人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见; 单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三； 麻烦事情“我”站前,其他人称没意见； 两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯。 5.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间词形转换口诀记忆法 一变:mｙ变ｍine, 二留：his,iｔｓ不变； 三加尾:其余直接加－S. 6.反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀 反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加, 其余开头用物主, 复数-ves替-f 7.不定冠词a,ａn用法口诀 冠词a,an两种帽，单数可数名词要; 选帽只要听读音，不看字母能做到； 若是元音来开头,一定需要选aｎ帽; 辅音起首戴a帽，记住规律别乱套。 8.定冠词ｔｈe的用法记忆口诀 特指、重提和唯一,岛屿、海峡和海湾; 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山； 方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关; 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊； 姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠thｅ加在前。 9.零冠词用法口诀 月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前； 三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。 10.英语基数词巧记口诀 英语数词不难记,找出规律很容易；

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

初中英语语法之一名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（mCountable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：||专有名词 || | 名| | 个体名词 | | || || 可数名词| || | 集体名词 || ||普通名词 || | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | || || 不可数名词| || | 抽象名词 || 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词 _________________________________________________ _ 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/;bag-bags car-cars __________________________________________________ _ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches ______________________________________________ __ __ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses __________________________________________________ _ 以辅音字母+y变y 为i 结尾的词再加es读 /z/baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves

初中英语语法口诀大汇总

初中英语语法口诀大汇总 【新初一年级英语语法口诀（上）】 大小写字母书写口诀 大A箭头指上方，小a系辫好模样； 大B耳朵右边长，小b食指指向上； 大C吃饭把嘴张，小c大C一个样； 大D肚子圆又胖，小d五线谱里藏。 大E将山竖着放，小e像鱼肉真香； 大F像旗杆上绑，小f像个小拐杖； 大G让C挂条棍，小g大辫真正长。 大H工字放倒写，小h椅子侧着放。 大I工字中间长，小i像人跪地上； 大J长得多像“厂”，小j子弹射出枪；大K伸臂又踢腿，小k稍息把事想； 大L指针三点过，小l像根火腿肠； 大M像海鸥在飞翔，小m鼻孔出气长。大N电闪实在亮，小n单门墙上装； 大O鸡蛋喷喷香，小o蛋小人人抢； 大P圆旗高飘扬，小p让b练倒立； 大Q西瓜连藤摘，小q和9很相似； 大R是P右踢腿，小r向上撅撅嘴。

大S弯弯溪流淌，小s像8没合上； 大T铁锤当当响，小t像个大写七； 大U陷阱在下方，小u将n倒着放； 大V竖起两手指，小v长个尖下巴。 大W是M朝天躺，小w将v弄成双； 大X像叉画本上，小x剪刀裁衣忙。 大Y弹弓没皮筋，小y比v多尾巴； 大Z和2最相像，小z呼噜声最响。 英语字母书写口诀 字母书写有规则，右倾五度正适合。 大写全在上两格，高低一致不会错。 小写字母也不难，请你记住这几点。 有头就用上两格，b, d, h, i, k, l 和t。有尾就占下两格，g, p, q, y要记着。 无头无尾写中格，多练几遍不会错。 剩下j, f不一般，三个格子全都占。 仔细辨来认真练，养成书写好习惯。 单词首字母大写用法歌口诀 单词字母要大写，下面规则是小结。 句子开头首字母，文章标题虚词除（外）。

初中英语语法口诀大全(1)

英语字母的写法： 英语字母大小写，初学书写按规则； 大写一律上两格，上不顶线为准则。 小写有头上两格，b d h k 和I ； 有尾下面两格托，g q y p 莫写错。 无头无尾中间格，十三个字母勿漏写。 ace mn orsuvwxz i t 中上一格半，还有 f j 三格点。 所有字母略右斜，笔顺笔画须记得； 开始养成好习惯，美观规范又整洁。 英汉标点的差异： 英汉标点有差异，书名没有用斜体。 英语句号实心圆，省略符号只三点。 连字标志半破折，没有顿号逗号填。 单词记忆方法： 掌握音形义，放在句中记； 编个小短文，见缝插针记； 正反可对比，同类能排队； 联想串糖球，谐音出幽默； 运用定位法，学点构词法。 1、 英语的词类 句子要由词组成， 英语词类有十种： 句中成分用实词， 名、代、动、畐9、数、形容： 冠、介、连词和感叹， 虚词附加或沟通。 词类功能掌握了， 造句之时好运用。 2?句子种类口诀 句子按用途分四大体， 陈述疑问感叹和祈使。 陈述用来叙述一件事。 祈使表达命令和请求。表达强烈感情感叹句。 上述就是句种之定义。 若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加 don ' t 是正理。 五种基本句型歌 英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。 句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键； 系词后面接表语；vi 独身无牵连； vt 又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见， 还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。 2、 语序歌 主、谓、宾、表同汉语， 定语有同也有异。 状语位置更特殊， 不能全和汉语比。 10、be 的用法歌 动词be ,变化大， I 用 am You 用 are Is 用于它（it ）、他（he ）、她（she ） 复数一定要用“ are ”， 切莫用错闹笑话。 2. Be 动词的用法 Be 动词有三个： am is 还有 are ； I 的后面跟am;男他女她动物它，张三李四单个他is 与之紧相伴，其他人称都用 are 。 3、 肯定句变一般疑问句 have 和be 提句首， 其它助词Do 开头。 时间、人称由do 变， 动词只把原形留。 谓语助词有几个， 第一助词提句首。 4、 肯定句变否定句 否定词语加not ， 放在be 和have 后。 其它要加动词do ， do 的后面加not ， 时间、人称由do 变， 动词原形总保留。 谓语若是助词多， not 紧跟第一个。 3. 疑问词的用法 疑问主要用来提问题。 祈使主语you 被抛弃。

初中英语语法精讲精练

David

一名词的分类： 1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 二，名词变复数： 2 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划

初中英语语法速记口诀顺口溜

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词尾f、fe，s前有v和e; 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①绝大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x 等结尾)，则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择; 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加; 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s 结尾，则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加 “’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。

初中英语语法口诀大全

初中英语语法口诀大全 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子, 可数名词单，须用a或ａｎ, 辅音前用a,ａn在元音前, 若为特指时，则须用定冠, 复数不可数,泛指ｔhe不见, 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，tｈeｓe，mｙ，soｍｅ等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住, 一般加ｓ，特殊有几处： ／ｓ/结尾,ｅs不离后, 末尾字母o,大多加s，

两人有两菜，eｓ不离口, 词尾f、fe,ｓ前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/？蘩/、／s／发音结尾（也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negｒｏ，hero）两菜(ｔomａｔo,potato)加ｅs外，其余一般加ｓ;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ｖe再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆，如ｃｈild—cｈildrｅｎ,mousｅ—micｅ,deer—deer，sｈｅｅp—shｅeｐ,Chｉnese—Ｃhinese,ox—oxen，ma ｎ—men,ｗoman—woｍen,foot—feet，tｏｏｔh—ｔeeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’ｓ”即可行, 词尾有s，仅把逗号择; 并列名词后，各自和共有, 前者分别加,后者最后加; 若为无命词，ｏf所有格, 前后须倒置,此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以ｓ结尾，则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”，如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”；③如果是无生命的名词则用ｏｆ表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。

初中英语语法时态精讲版

初中英语语法时态精讲版 Prepared on 24 November 2020

初中英语动词时态精讲 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化： 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 二. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不 错，讲的可不行。

4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 一般过去时 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外， 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语 里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）

初中英语语法-----主谓一致---(附练习题和答案)

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初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法 一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。 一、语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数---- 谓语复数；主语单数----- 谓语单数 1、主语复数的情况---- 谓复 ⑴people, police, staff, crowd, sheep, cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are waiting for the boy. The staff are dressed as clowns. ⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是 老师。 ⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner. ⑷the ＋a. 表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式： The poor aren’t always very sad, while the rich aren’t always happy. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 2、主语单数的情况----- 谓单 ⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式： Some water is in the bottle. The boy is playing football on the playground. ⑵many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式： Many a student has been to Shanghai.

初中英语语法大全

01 be的用法口诀 我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are. 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑 02 时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in. 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行

午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错 at也用在明分前，说差可要用上to， 说过只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎 03 可数名词的复数变化规律 名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s; 辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es; f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记；字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s. 04

可数名词复数特殊变化规律 中日好友来聚会， 绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 男士、女士a变e； 牙（齿）、脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门， 原形后面r、 e 、n; 老鼠本来爱大米， mice,ice和rice. 注：中Chinese,日Japanese，好友people. 绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish （这些单词单复数一样）

man--menwoman--womentooth--teethfoot--feet child--childrenmouse--mice 05 一般现在时态 ① we、you、they作主语， 动词原形后面跟； 否定句，更容易， 动词前面加don't; 疑问句，别着急， 句首Do，来帮你， 后面问号别忘记； 肯定回答用Yes,

初中英语语法知识精讲精练

初中英语语法知识精讲精练：连词 连词 (一) 知识概要 连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，意义有转折的并列连词有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词，如：or, or else, otherwise…再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。从 属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句， 常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。具体用法见下表。

连词用法一览表 种类功用例句 并列连词连接具有并列关系的词 He knows neither English nor French. 短语 Are you going by bus or on foot? 分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 从属连词引导：状语从句 I'll do it as you told me. You will be late unless you hurry. 连接代词和连接副词主语从句 What he said proved true. When we'll start has not been decided yet. 表语从句 This is why he didn't come yesterday. That is where he lives. 宾语从句 The man asked me which I liked best. I can't understand why she is so late.

初中英语语法★口诀大全

、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a， an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： /s/结尾，es不离后， 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾（也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾），则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s； ④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。 四、接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】

初中英语语法知识精讲精练

初中英语语法知识精讲精练：动词 (一) 知识概要 动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。①时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。②语态：主动语态与被动语态。③助动词和情态动词。④非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。 一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，①用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun②表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9 ③在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you. 一般过去时：①主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week. ②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如I used to get up at six. 一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式①用ｗill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on September 1st ②用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：I'm going to swim this afternoon ③be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：I'm coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。④在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect… 过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如：He told me he would come to my party. 现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是： ①用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I've studied English for two years.

初中英语语法大全,涵盖了初中所有的语法点

英语语法不容易记，但借助语法口诀，却可起到事半功倍的效果。 英语语法的叙述，讲究科学性，追求严谨。故而中学生看起来，不免有些枯燥，看不下去。为此，全国各地的师生们编写了不少英语语法口诀，以帮助记忆。总结如下： 口诀1 英语的词类 句子要由词组成，英语词类有十种：句中成分用实词，名、代、动、副、数、形容；冠、介、连词和感叹，虚词附加或沟通。词类功能掌握了，造句之时好运用。 口诀2 名词的所有格【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。 口诀3 名词变复数 单数变为复数式，加上“s”统言之。下列结尾名词后，要加“s”先加“e”：发音[∫][t ∫]和[z]，或是辅音加“o”时。有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意y”前字母是辅音，一律变“y”为“ie”；遇到“f / fe”，有时需要变“ve”少数名词不规则，特别情况靠硬记。

口诀4 -f或-fe结尾的名词的复数形式 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 按：顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以上-f（s）结尾的名词：wife（妻子），knife （小刀），wolf（狼），thief（小偷），shelf（架子），self（自己），life（生命），half（一半），leaf（树叶）。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f（e）为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同（如myself→ourselves；yourself→yourselves；himelf，herself，itself →themselves）。 勇敢的妻子（wife）亲自（oneself）拿刀（knife）把狼（wolf）赶走，救回小牛（calf）半（half）条命（life）,又把躲在葡萄架(shelf)下树叶（leaf）中的小偷（thief）抓到。 一个有信仰的海湾首领叫农奴到屋顶拿手帕。（belief、gulf、chief、serf、roof、handkerchief 后接s） 口诀5 巧记以-o结尾加-es的词 A.“两人两菜”（hero,negro,potato,tomato) B.一句话Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes黑人英雄吃西红柿土豆 C.有生命的加-es，无生命的加–s。（火山有死活之分，故volcano 的复数形式为volcanoes。） 工作间里有架钢琴，钢琴上有台收音机，收音机旁有幅照片，照片里有动物园，动物园里有竹子。（studio、piano、radio、photo、zoo、bamboo 后接s） 口诀6 巧记不规则名词单变复 男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。

初中英语语法精讲精练

一、一般现在时 1. We won’t go unless you_______ soon. A. coming B. came C. will come D. come 2. Japan ________ to the east of China. A lie B lies C. lying D. lied 3. The plane to Shanghai _________ at 8:30. A. leaves B. leaving C. will leave D. leave 二. 一般过去时 4. It ______ Y ang Liwei about 21hours _____ the earth 14times in his spaceship. A. spent; circling B. took; traveling. C. spent; to travel. D. took; to circle. 5. —Y our phone number again? I _____ quite catch it. —it’s 69568442. A didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t. D. can’t. 6. He said he______ me a present unless I ________ in doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed. C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed. 7. There _____ no bus stop here year. A. is B. was. C. are D. were 8. She said that they_____ a good time. A .had B. has C. have D. will have 9. Mike _____ until his father came back. A. went to bed. B. doesn’t go to bed. C. didn’t go to bed D. wouldn’t go to bed. 10. My sister________ and _____ herself when she was riding her bike yesterday. A. falls… hurt. B. falls…hurts. C. has fallen… hurt. D. fell…hurt. 11. He __________ with us yesterday morning. A. doesn’t go swimming. B. goes swimming. C. didn’t go s wimming. D. went to swimming 12. _____ your parents in Shanghai last year? A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were 13. Tom ______ (match) TV at home last night. He _____ (go ) nowhere. 14. When I ______ (be) young, I often ______ (play) football.15. He _______ (be) not with me at that time. 16. She ______(give) Mary a present last Christmas. 17. It ______ (happen) an hour ago. 18. They ________ (go ) to the par last Sunday. 19. I __________ (have) a good time last holiday. 20. Mrs. Li _______ (live) here many years ago. 21. ____ he ____ (do) his homework yesterday? No, he _____(not finish) it. 22. Father_______ (get) a letter from my sister last week. 23. Who ________ (break) the window just now? 24. It was very cold, so he ________ on his coat (put). 25. The bed wasn’t good, I_____ very well. (sleep). 26. Bob was very wasn’t interesting. They____ in very much. (enjoy) 27. I went to Lily’s flat, but she ________ there (be). 28. He was in a hurry, so she __________time to cook for you (have). 三. 一般将来时. 28. When we get our tickets, be marked “first class” ______. A. it is to. B. it will. C. they were to. D. they will. 29. Look! The woman with curl hair over there _____ us a talk about DNA. A. is about to give. B. would give. C. was going to give. D. had given. 30. She ______ me _______ at the airport this evening. A. is seeing; out. B. is seeing; off. C. sees; off. D. will see; out. 31. She _____ to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening. A. went. B. would go. C. has gone. D. will go. 32. There______ a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have. B. will be. C. is going to have. D. would be. 33. They______ a new bridge over the river next year. A. have built. B. are going to build. C. are building. D. were going to build. 34. We ______ to the Great Wall f it_____ tomorrow. A. don’t go; rains. B. won’t go; rains. C. are building. D. go; doesn’t rain. 35. Either you or he_____ there tomorrow. A. go. B. goes. C. are going. D. is going.