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上海高三英语名词性从句讲解与练习

上海高三英语名词性从句讲解与练习
上海高三英语名词性从句讲解与练习

上海高三英语名词性从句讲解与练习

一.概念:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

二、引导名词性从句的连接词

连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词:when, where, how, why

主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

It is a pity that you didn’t go to s ee the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) It is +形容词+从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) It is +不及物动词+从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

It appears that… 似乎…

(4) It +过去分词+从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been p roved that… 已证实…

It is said that… 据说…

3. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

It is a consolation that she is still alive.

练习:

1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.

A. The estimate

B. The estimated

C. They are estimated

D. It is estimated that

2. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.

A. Which

B. Since

C. Although

D. How

3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.

A. Whoever

B. Whatever

C. However

D. That

4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.

A. For the reason that he is

B. Just because he is

C. The reason of being

D. That he is

5. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction,

it could occur elsewhere in the world.

A. which

B. what

C. how

D. it

6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.

A. That occurred to her

B. She occurred that

C. To her that occurred

D. It occurred to her that

7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.

A. which

B. all

C. this

D. what

8. We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.

A. that

B. which

C. it

D. what

9. _____ or not is still uncertain.

A. He’s coming

B. If he is coming

C. That coming

D. Whether he’s coming

10. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early historyof the moon.

A. Remarkable

B. Quite remarkably

C. It is remarkable that

D. It is remarkable fact that

答案:DDBDBDDDDC

宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

She did not know what had happened.

I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:

anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month.

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

I admire their winning the match.

I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

He impressed the manager as an honest man.

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

练习:

1.I wonder _______.

A. whether or not I’ll catch the last bus

B. if or not I’ll catch the last bus

C. that I’ll catch the last bus or not

D. that I’ll catch the last bus

2.We all thought ______ a pity that we had missed the lesson.

A. so

B. such

C. it

D. that

3.I took ______ for granted that they were not coming.

A. that

B. this

C. it

D. so

4.I heard ______ said that he had great concern for his classmates.

A. and

B. that

C. was

D. it

5.I wish I ______ to the football match last night.

A. went

B. go

C. should go

D. had gone

答案:ACCDD

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