美国文学秋季学期练习题8. 有答案

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I. Multiple Choice.(每小题1分，共20分)

1. Transcendentalists took their ideas from_________.

A. the romantic literature in Europe

B. neo-Platonism

C. German idealistic philosophy

D. All of the above

2. As a philosophical and literary movement, ______flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.

A. modernism

B. rationalism

C. sentimentalism

D. transcendentalism

3. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ________ And Thoreau.

A. Jefferson

B. Emerson

C. Freneau

D. Oversoul

4. The appearance of The Scarlet Letter marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne as a novelist. Soon he composed the other three important novels including ______, The Blithedale Romance and The Marble Faun.

A. The house of the Seven Gables

B. The Prairie

C. The Fall of the House of Usher

D. Walden

5. ________was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.

A. Thoreau

B. Emerson

C. Hawthorne

D. Whitman

6. Transcendentalists recognized _________as the ―highest power of the soul‖.

A. intuition

B. logic

C. data of the senses

D. thinking

7. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in ________.

A. James Fennimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales

B. Henry David Tho reau’s Walden

C. Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn

D. All of the above

8. Herman Melville’s ______ is not only an adventure story, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration.

A. Moby Dick

B. The Egg

C. Nature

D. The Over-Soul

9. In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following items.

A. Moral enthusiasm

B. Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception

C. Adoration for the natural world

D. All of the above

10. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book________ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for the natural scenes.

A. Walden B . Nature C. Daisy Miller D. Leatherstocking Tales.

11. Which essay is not written by Raqlph Waldo Emerson?

A. Of Studies

B. Self –Reliance

C.The American Scholar

D. The Divinity School Address

12. From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, ____ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.

A. Walden

B. Nature

C. Civil Disobedience

D. Common Sense

13.The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in ________.

A. The Scarlet Letter

B. Young Goodman Brown

C. The Marble Faun

D. The Ambitious Guest

14.Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and the central subject of his major works is the human soul. Choose his short story from the following ones.

A. Young Goodman Brown

B. Omoo

C. Uncle Tom’s cabin

D. The Pearl

15.Which is not Nathaniel Hawthorne’s long novel?

A. The Scarlet Letter

B. The Marble Faun

C. The House of Severn Gables

D. Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment

16.Choose form the following items the one written by Melville Herman.

A. Typee

B. The Sea-Wolf

C. The Spy

D. Twice-Told Tales

17. ________’s stories still had many unrealistic qualities: ―tall tales‖ and unlikely coincidences. He is never a pure reali st.

A. Henry James

B. Mark Twain

C. Nathaniel Hawthorne

D Henry David Thoreau

18.______in the 1860s was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.

A. Mark Twain

B. William Dean Howells

C. Bret Harte

D.Harriet Beecher Stowe

19. Mark Twain’s first novel, ______ was an artistic failure , but it gave its n ame to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize.

A. The Giled Age

B. Life on the Mississippi

C.The Innocents Abroad

D. The Mysterious Stranger

20. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain’s masterwork form which, as __________noted, ―all modern American literature comes.‖

A. Henry James

B. William Dean Howells

C. Ernest Hemingway

D. Theodore Dreiser

II Fill in the blanks.(每小题2 分，共20分)

1. Ralph _________ Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.

2. Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry ________

Thoreau.

3. A superb book ________ came out of Thoreau’s two-year experiment at Walden pond.

4. From Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ________.

5. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel_________.

6. _________ was a great American Transcendentalist and revolutionary Romanticist, whose first book nature is the

fundamental document of his philosophy.

7. Herman Melville’s novel________ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly

supernatural white whale.

8. In I Hear America Singing, _________ depicts the beauty of labor and laborers.

9. As one of America’s first and foremost realists and humorists,________, the pen n ame of Samuel Langhorne.

Clemens, usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experiences.

10. The poem I’m nobody! Who are you? is written by __________.

III. Decide Whether the Statements are True or False.(10%)

1. Emerson was recognized as the leader of transcendentalist movement , and he always applied the term ―Transcendentalist‖ toe himself or to his belief and ideas. ( )

2. In 1836, Whitman published his first book, Nature, which met with a wild reception.( )

3. Melville devised a unique poetic style called free verse that refers to the poetry without fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.( )

4. Transcendentalism exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. ( )

5. All his literary life, Thoreau seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life. ( ).

6. The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan pat.( )

7. Mark Twin should be remembered both as a great literary artist and a great social critic in the history of the U.S. ( )

8. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature.( )

9. The subjects of Walt Whitman are often war and its effects on people, or contests, such as hunting or bullfighting, which demand stamina and courage.( )

10. Emily Dickinson’s poems are short, many of them being based on a single image or symbol. ( )

PartIV. Identification. (共20分)

Passage one

There’s a time in every man’s education when he arrives tat eh conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion… Trust thyself; very heart vibrates to that iron str ing.

Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.

Questions:

1. This selection is selected form an essay. What is the title of that ? (2’)

2. Who is the author of the essay? (2)

3. According to the selection, what do you think the author believe in?(4’)

Passage Two:

Hester Prynne’s t erm of confinement was now at an end. Her prison-door was thrown open, and she came forth into sunshine which, falling on all alike, seemed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpose than to real the scarlet letter on her breast. Perhaps there was a more real torture in her first unattended footsteps from the threshold of the prison, than even in the procession and spectacle that have been described, where she was made the common infamy , at which all mankind was summoned to point its finger. Then, she was supported by an unnatural tension of the nerves, and by all the combative energy of her character, which enabled her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph.

Questions:

1. Which novel is this selection taken from (2’)

2. What is the name of the novelist?(2)

Passage Three :

At length as the craft was cast to one side, and ran ranging along with the White Whale’s flank, he seemed strangely oblivious of its advance—as the whale sometimes will---and Ahab was fairly within the smoky mountain mist, which, thrown off from the whale’s spout, curled round his great Monadnock hump; he was even thus close to him; when, with body arched back, and both arms lengthwise high-lifted to the poise, he darted his fierce iron, and his far fiercer curse into the hated whale.

Question:

1. From which novel is this paragraph taken? (2)

2. What is the name of the novelist? (2’)

3. What is the theme of the novel? (4’)

Part V. Defining Literary terms.(每小题5分，共10分)

1. Romanticism

2. Transcendentalism

Part VI. Essay writing.(20%)

Summarize the story of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 100 words, and comment on the theme of

the novel.

参考答案

Part I. (20%) I.1-5: D D B A B 6-10: A D A DB 11-15 A C AAD 16-20 ABCAC

Part II.(20%) 1. Waldo 2. David 3. Walden 4. Civil Disobedience 5.The Scarlet Letter

6. Emerson

7. Moby Dick

8. Walt Whitman

9.Mark Twain 10. Emily Dickinson

Part III. (10%)1. T 2. F 3. F 4.T 5. F 6.T 7. T 8.T 9.F 10.T

Part IV. (20%)

Passage one:

1. Self- Reliance

2. Ralph Waldo Emerson

3. He believed above all in individualism, independence of mind , and self-reliance.

Passage Two: 1. The Scarlet Letter 2. Hawthorne

Passage Three:

1. Moby Dick

2. Herman Melville

3. The rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against eh overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and its

awesome sometimes merciless forces.

Part V.

1. Romanticism: The literature terms was first applied to the writers of the 18th century in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was used in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated the sentimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysteries of life, love birth, and death. The romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials: poetry, essays, plays, fiction, history, works of travel, and biography.

2. Transcendentalism is a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England, particularly at Concord, as

a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. Mainly, it stressed intuitive understanding of God without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.

Part VI. (20%)

The story takes place along the Mississippi River. Along this river floats a small raft, with two people on it: one is an ignorant, uneducated Black slave named Jim and the other is a little uneducated outcast whit boy of about the age of 13, called Huckleberry Finn. The book relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and , more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changed his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and came to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.

The story mainly involves two themes. The first is of slavery, demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world of moral confusion, in which seemingly ―good‖ white people such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family The second theme is the hypocrisy of ―civilized‖ society. When Huck plans to head west at eh end of the novel in order to es cape further ― civilizing,‖ he is trying to avoid more than regular baths and mandatory school attendance. Throughout the novel, Twain depicts the society that surrounds Huck as little more than a collection of degraded rules an precepts that defy logic.

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5.T homas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.I n Washington Irving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.

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