[K12学习]山东省德州市乐陵市2019届中考英语复习 阅读理解 说明文(含解析)

说明文

A

The earth is about 4,600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.

Water pollution

A lot of people, birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.

Air pollution

In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example, Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.

Soil pollution

In order to have a good harvest, most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. That's bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop.

Hope for the future

These problems are very serious for our future, so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution, our planet will become more and more beautiful and our health will be better. Let's be greener people!

1.___________ have made the earth change a lot.

A. Human beings

B. Animals

C. Plants

D. People in other planets

2.There are ___________ kinds of pollution in this passage.

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. five

3.Pollution isn't a big problem now, is it?

A. Yes, it is.

B. No, it isn't.

C. Yes, there is.

D. No, there isn't.

4.Which sentence is NOT right according to the passage?

A. Most of things that we have done are good for our planet.

B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes.

C. Because of water pollution, many rivers and lakes are now dead.

D. Water pollution is very serious nowadays.

5.Which sentence is RIGHT?

A. Though Mexico city is always covered by thick brown clouds, it's still a beautiful sunny

capital.

B. Air pollution can make people sick.

C. Now fewer farmers use chemicals in the fields.

D. Factories, cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of soil pollution.

【答案】

ABABA【解析】【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是由于人类的活动，对地球造成的一些影响。人类的很多行为对地球是有利的，但是更多的行为是对地球有害的。作者主要从水污染、空气污染、土壤污染和对未来的希望来论述的这一话题。

根据短文第一段中Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways.可知，人类在地球上已经居住了3万5千年，在这些年中，人们在很多方面改变了我们的星球。这里的we指代的是人类。故选A。

根据短文第二、三、四段可知，文章中提到了地球上的三种污染，即水污染、空气污染和土壤污染。故选B。

根据短文第二、三、四三段的内容可知，现在地球上有很多污染，并且很严重，因此污染是地球上的一个大问题。故应该选A。本题的题意是：现在污染不是一个大问题，是吗？不，它是。故选 A。

根据Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.可知C的说法是正确的；根据文意可知，由于工厂排放污水，造成了河流的污染，因此我们应该制止工厂排放污水，故B是正确的；根据短文第二段的内容可知，现在水污染非常的严重，故D也是正确的；根据Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.可知C 不对。故选A。

根据短文第三段Many people in cities now have serious health problems.的内容可知，由于空气污染，导致了人们的健康问题。故B的说法是正确的。根据Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.可知A不对；根据most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields可知C不对；根据In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution可知D不对。故选B。

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B

Do you want to become more clever? Have you ever trained your brain? Now there are some new suggestions, such as eating dark chocolate, having cold meat for breakfast and so on. You should

also avoid watching soap operas, and spending time with people who have unhealthy diets (饮食), according to a new book on getting “brain-fit”.

The book’s name is Teach Yourself Training Your Brain. Writers Terry Horne and Simon Wootton say that their advice is from the latest research by experts around the world. “For years we have thought our brain capability (能力) is decided by our genes (基因). But it’s now clear that it depends on our lifestyle. What we eat and drink, how we learn at school and what type of feelings we have are all important,” said Horne.

The book talks about the latest ideas about how diet, environment and stress influence our brain capacity. It also offers advice and exercises. The book comes out when more and more people are spending money on books, DVDs and computer games, which claim (声称) to help people improve their brain’s capability.

Horne believes that people need to make changes to their lifestyles to increase their brain capacity. Happiness, confidence and optimism (乐观) help the brain, he added.

“So mix with people who make you laugh, or share the same interests as you. And avoid people who often complain (抱怨),” said Horne. “People who are negative will make you sad, which means you won’t achieve things.”

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

6.According to the book, which of the following is good for training your brain?

A. Eating dark chocolate.

B. Watching soap operas.

C. Having milk for breakfast.

D. Spending time with unhealthy people.

7.What does Horne think of the brain capability?

A. It’s decided by our lifestyle.

B. It has nothing to do with schools.

C. It depends on what our genes are like.

D. It should follow the type of our feelings.

8.What’s the book Teach Yourself Training Your Brain mainly about?

A. How people’s brain works.

B. Some exercises to improve brain capability.

C. Some scientific and healthy diets.

D. How to improve people’s brain capability.

9.The underlined word “ negative” means __________ in Chinese.

A. 懒惰的

B. 诚实的

C. 消极的

D. 细心的

10.In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?

A. Nature.

B. Sports.

C. Culture.

D. Science.

【答案】

AADCD【解析】【文章大意】本文通过一本书《教你训练自己的大脑》来说明怎么训练你的大脑，让你变得更聪明。

根据第一段Now there are some new suggestions, such as eating dark chocolate, having cold meat for breakfast and so on.可知，吃黑巧克力对训练你的大脑有好处。故选A。根据第四段Horne believes that people need to make changes to their lifestyles to increase their brain capacity.可知，霍恩认为，人们需要改变他们的生活方式来增加他们的大脑能力。故选A。

根据第一段Do you want to become more clever? Have you ever trained your brain?... You should also avoid watching soap operas, and spending time with people who have unhealthy diets (饮食), according to a new book on getting "brain-fit".以及第二段The book's name is Teach Yourself Training Your Brain.可知，这本书是关于如何提高人们的大脑能力的。故选D。

根据最后一段"So mix with people who make you laugh, or share the same interests as you. And avoid people who often complain (抱怨),"；People who are negative will make you sad,可知，要与那些让你笑的人或有相同兴趣的人在一起，避免与经常抱怨的人在一起，可知People who

are negative will make you sad,“消极的人会让你难过”。故选C。

本文通过一本书《教你训练自己的大脑》来说明怎么训练你的大脑，让你变得想变得更聪明。A.自然；B.体育；C.文化；D.科学。对比选项，本文只有在报纸上科学版块有可能读到。故选D。

C

The Greenest School in Britain

The pupils and teachers at Fairfield School think it’s worth protecting the environment! This is what they’ve been doing:

Growing vegetables

Fairfield School pupils started their own vegetable garden. Both children and teachers plant and water the seeds (种子), then they pick the vegetables, which are used in school meals. Now they can all enjoy healthy food at lunchtime. “School dinners are more delicious than ever before!”says one pupil.

Recycling

The Fairfield pupils don’t just bring their books to school — they bring their rubbish too! There are recycling bins (回收箱) in the playground for cans, plastic bottles, batteries and paper. The teachers give a prize every month to the pupil who has tried the hardest to recycle.

Planting trees

K12学习教育资源

“This school used to be one of the least beautiful areas of the city with no green areas, says the head teacher Lynne Johnson.” Now every child has planted their own tree, and they take care of the trees during the week. They’ve made the view (风景) from the classroom more beautiful!

Finding cleaner ways to get around

Everyone walks or cycles to Fairfield School! “When the roads are busy, it’s faster to ride bikes than to go by car anyway,” says one pupil. Even the teachers don’t use their cars. “We won’t encourage our pupils to protect the environment if we don’t do it ourselves!” says one teacher.

根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。

11.The pupils at Fairfield School can eat the vegetables that they grow at school.

A. 正确

B. 错误

12.Every month the pupil who has done the best in studying will be given a prize.

A. 正确

B. 错误

13.The pupils have made Fairfield School more beautiful by planting trees.

A. 正确

B. 错误

14.Both the teachers and the pupils at Fairfield School go to school by car.

A. 正确

B. 错误

15.The teachers at this school set a good example to the pupils in protecting the environment.

A. 正确

B. 错误

【答案】

ABABA

【解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了英国最环保的学校，以及学校的学生和老师们是怎么做的。

根据Growing vegetables中Both children and teachers plant and water the seeds (种子), then they pick the vegetables, which are used in school meals.可知，学校的学生可以吃他们在学校种植的蔬菜。此句正确，故选A。

根据Recycling中The teachers give a prize every month to the pupil who has tried the hardest to recycle.可知，老师每个月都会给那些回收最努力的学生奖励。此句错误，故选B。

根据Planting trees中Now every child has planted their own tree, and they take care of the trees during the week. They've made the view (风景) from the classroom more beautiful!可知，学生们通过种植树木让菲尔德学校变得更美丽。此句正确，故选A。

根据Finding cleaner ways to get around中Everyone walks or cycles to Fairfield School!可知，大家都步行或骑自行车去学校。此句错误，故选B。根据Finding cleaner ways to get around中"We won't encourage our pupils to protect the environment if we don't do it ourselves!” says one teacher."可知，这所学校的老师为学生保护环境树立了良好的榜样。此句正确，故选A。

D

What problems do the teenagers probably have? Here is a survey showing their main problems.

A. Four.

B. Five.

C. Six.

D. Seven.

17.What problems are caused by too much homework?

A. Feeling stressed and fighting with each other.

B. Feeling tired of study and getting fat.

C. Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted.

D. Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.

18.Peter is tired of study, maybe because he ________.

A. has no close friends

B. has no pocket money

C. plays too many computer games

D. gets fatter and fatter

19.________ is a good way for the teenagers to stop fights.

A. Doing less homework

B. Playing computer games

C. Learning how to make friends

D. Paying no attention to each other

【答案】

BCCC【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍有关青少年的5个问题，问题分别为学习的压力，近视眼，打架，厌倦学习，变胖，以及5个问题产生的原因和解决办法的建议。

题意：这份调查中有多少个主要的问题？根据表格可知在调查表里谈论了五个关于青少年的主要问题，分别是感到学习的压力，近视眼，打架，厌倦学习，变胖，故选B。

K12学习教育资源

中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典

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