高中阶段学校招生模拟考试模拟卷七

高中阶段学校招生模拟考试七

相对原子质量：O－16 C－12 S－32 H－1 Cu－64 Fe－56 A1－27

Zn－65 Na－23 Mg－24

第Ⅰ卷(选择题)

一.选择题(本题有20小厘，每小属2分，共40分，每小题均只有一项符合

题意，多选、错选、不选均不得分)

1.“在通常状况下，氧气是无色、无味的气体。”这句话是指氧气的 ( )

A.物理性质

B.物理变化

C.化学性质

D.化学变化

2.某药品说明书标明：本品每克含碘15毫克，镁65毫克，铜2毫克，锌1毫克。这里所标的各成分是指 ( )

A.分子

B.原子

C.元素

D.分子和原子

3.下列物质既属于纯净物，又属于氧化物的是 ( )

A.矿泉水

B.赤铁矿

C.天然气

D.干冰

4.不含氢、氧、碳三种元素的化合物，可能属于 ( )

A.酸

B.有机物

C.碱

D.盐

5.粗盐提纯的主要操作步骤是 ( )

A.溶解、过滤、蒸发

B.过滤、蒸发、溶解

C.蒸发、溶解、过滤

D.蒸发、过滤、溶解

6.下列粒子在化学反应前后肯定不变的是 ( )

A.H

B.H20

C.HCl

D.02

7.某溶液中含有HCl、H2S04和KN03，则下列物质能存在于该溶液中的是( )

A.MgSO4

B.BaCl2

C.Na2C03

D.NaOH

8.只用一种试剂来鉴别NaOH、Ca(OH)2、稀H2S04三种溶液，这种试剂是 ( )

A.氯化钡溶液

B.酚酞试液

C.碳酸钠溶液

D.紫色石蕊试液

9.发展绿色食品，避免“白色污染”，增强环境意识，是保护环境，提高人类生存质量的重要措施，请回答“绿色食品”是 ( )

A.绿颜色的营养食品

B.有叶绿素的营养食品

C.经济附加值高的营养食品

D.安全、无公害的营养食品

10.有下列四种碳氢化合物：CH4、C2H2、C2H4、C2H6，若它们所含氢元素质量相

同，则碳元素之间的质量比是 ( )

A.1:2:2:2

B.4:2:4:6

C.4:1:2:3

D.3:12:6:4

11.将CuS04的水溶液与NaOH的溶液混合后，在反应后的水溶液中可能存在的

盐类有 ( )

A.一种

B.二种

C.三种

D.一种或二种

12.氯气和氧气都是活泼的非金属单质，在一定条件下它们都能跟甲烷起反

应。已知02和CH4充分反应后的生成物是C02和H20，据此可推知，Cl2和

CH4充分反应后的生成物是 ( )

https://www.docsj.com/doc/a312590965.html,l4和HCl https://www.docsj.com/doc/a312590965.html,l4和Cl2 C.CH2Cl2和H2 D.C和HCl

13.胃液里含有适量的盐酸可以帮助消化，但若盐酸过多，人就会感到不舒服，

有下列几种物质(1)NaOH (2)Ca(OH)2 (3)Al(OH)3 (4)NaHC03你认为可服用作治疗胃酸过多药物的有 ( )

A.(1)(2)(3)(4)

B.(1)(2)(3)

C.(1)(2)

D.(3)(4)

14.用I205可以测定空气受CO污染的程度，发生反应的化学方程式如下：

I205+5CO=I2+5C02，根据生成C02的多少，可以判断CO的含量。关于这个反应，下列说法中不正确的是 ( )

A.参加反应的I205的质量不等于生成的I2的质量

B.参加反应的各物质中氧原子总数等于生成的C02中氧原子总数

C.反应物所含元素种类与生成物所含元素种类相同

D.参加反应的I205和CO的质量比等于生成I2和C02的质量比

15.下列说法中正确的是： ( )

A.能与酸反应生成盐和水的物质可能是碱

B.某一饱和溶液升高温度后可能变为不饱和溶液

C.电离时生成金属离子的化合物一定是盐

D.在酸、碱、盐溶液中，阴阳离子的个数一定相等

16.某初中化学实验报告中，有如下记录，其中实验数据合理的是 ( )

A.用100ml量筒量取5.26ml稀H2S04溶液

B.用托盘天平称取11.7gNaCl粉末

C.用PH试纸试得溶液的PH为3.5

D.温度计显示的室温读数为25.68℃

17.喷泉是一种常见的自然现象，其产生原因是存在压强差。

右图为化学教学中用的喷泉实验装置。在烧瓶中充满干燥

气体，胶头滴管及烧杯中分别盛有液体，下列组合中不可

能形成喷泉的是 ( )

A.HCl和H20

B.O2和H20

C.NH3和H20

D.C02和NaOH溶液

18.下列各组物质中第一种为混合物，第二种为氧化物，第三

种为正盐的是 ( )

A.空气、氯酸钾、硫酸铜

B.石灰水、生石灰、熟石灰

C.生铁、干冰、碳酸氢钠

D.水煤气、蒸馏水、高锰酸钾

19.在PH=1l时，下列各组物质的混合溶液呈无色透明的是 ( )

A.Na2S04 KCl KN03 D.CuS04 NaCl Ba(N03)2

C.MgCl K2S04 NaN03

D.BaCl2 FeCl3 NaN03

20.现有试管、烧杯、量筒、铁架台、铁夹、酒精灯、集气瓶、玻璃片、水槽、

导管、橡皮管、单孔塞、药匙、燃烧匙十四种实验用品，下列实验由于仪器不足，不能进行的是 ( )

A.粗盐提纯

B.制取C02

C.硫粉在O2中燃烧

D.制取O2

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)

二、填空题(本题有4小题，共14分)

21.某元素的每两个原子能与3个某酸分子完全反应，生成3个氢气分子，则

该元素的化合价为，酸根的化合价为。

22.把过量的稀盐酸加入盛有少量镁粉、铁粉，铜粉、氧化铁和碳酸钾的混合

物中，完全反应后，加水稀释过滤，在滤纸上剩下的物质是，所得滤液中最多可能有种溶质。

23.有一种含Cu为6.4克，Zn为6.5克，Fe为5.6克，A1为2.7克的金属

混合物；与一定量的稀硫酸反应后，测得还有9.2克固体，则剩余固体是。

24.向一密闭容器内充入某混合气体，用电火花点燃，恰好完全反应。此混合

气体可能是由H2、CO、O2中的二种或三种气体混合而成的。若此混合气体由两种气体混合而成，则可能有下列情况：

a.若由H2、O2混合而成，则氢分子与氧分子的个数之比为。

b.若由CO、O2混合而成，则一氧化碳与氧分子的个数之比为。

三、简答题(本题有2小题，共10分)

25.甲、乙两同学分别设计了下述两个实验方案以证明某溶液中含有so：’。

甲同学方案：

溶液中加入BaCl2溶液加入足量盐酸

——————————→白色沉淀———————→沉淀不溶解

乙同学方案：

加入足量盐酸加入BaCl2溶液

———————→无沉淀————————→白色沉淀

试对两个方案作出评价，说明理由。

26.金属镁跟铝的合金是制造飞机的主要材料。工业上金属镁主要是电解熔融

的MgCl2而制得。海水中含有少量的MgCl2，海边又盛产贝壳(主要成分是CaCO3)，以它们为主要原料生产镁的大致过程是：

Mg

海水→Mg(OH)2→MgCl2→无水MgCl2→

Cl2

(1)写出以海水和贝壳为原料制取Mg(OH)2的有关反应的化学方程式

(2)写出下列反应当化学方程式

A.Mg(OH)2→MgCl2

B.MgCl2→Mg

四、实验题(本题有9小题，共22分)

27.某化学兴趣小组用下图所示的装置做有关CO2气体的实验：

(1)甲同学将收集满CO2气体的试管倒插入紫色石蕊试液中(见装置A)，

并轻轻振荡试管。

①描述产生的现象：。

②写出反应的化学方程式：。

(2)乙同学挤压装置B中滴管的胶头，使其中的NaoH溶液滴人烧瓶，并

轻轻振荡系在导气管一端的气球慢慢胀大。产生这一现象的原因是：

。28.向盛有镁、氧化铜和氢氧化钠固体混合物的烧杯中，加入一定量的稀硫酸，

充分反应后过滤，再向滤液中滴人几滴酚酞试液，酚酞试液变红色，则滤液中含有的溶质是。

29.氢氧化钾是我国古代纺织业常用作漂洗的洗涤剂。古人将贝壳(主要成分

是碳酸钙)高温处理后的白色固体放在水中泡浸，然后加入草木灰(主要成分是碳酸钾)与其作用，就能生成氢氧化钾。请按要求用化学反应方程式表示上述反应：

(1)分解反应。

(2)化合反应。

(3)复分解反应。30.用实验证明鸡蛋壳的主要成分是碳酸盐，通常使用的试剂是和

。

31.检验氯酸钾中含有氯元素，请将下面给定的试剂和实验操作排列出正确的

顺序(写序号)

①滴加AgNO3溶液②加水溶解③加热

④加HNO3⑤过滤后取滤液⑥加MnO2

32.鉴别下列三种固体粉末：碳酸钠、氯化铜、氢氧化镁，可用多种不同方法。

其中，最经济、最简便的方法所选用的试剂是(填所选用的试剂名称)——。

33.某混合气体可能由H2、CO2、CO中的一种或几种组成。现依次进行如下实

验(每次实验均完全反应)：①通过足量的澄清石灰水，石灰水变浑浊；②通过灼热的氧化铜，粉末变成红色；③再通过足量的澄清石灰水，石灰水

变浑浊。则原混合气体一定含有，可能含有。

34.某化合物X有下列变化：

盐酸烧碱溶液加热

X——→黄褐色溶液————→红褐色沉淀——→X

则X的名称是。

35.实验室提供下列盛有药品的仪器，让两个实验小组各自证明某一混合气体

中含有二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水蒸气。

用A、B、C、D填空

(1)甲组分别证明混合气体中含有某一种气体：

①证明其中含有C02，选用；

②证明其中含有水蒸气，选用；

③选择必要的仪器(每种只用一次)证明其中含有CO，按气体通过的先

后顺序依次是。

(2)乙组用上述仪器(每种只用一次)组装一套装置，通过一次实验证明混

合气体中含有二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水蒸气，则应该将中的药

品换成Ba(OH)2溶液，按气体通过的先后顺序，连接的仪器依次

是。

A B C D

五、计算题(本题有2小题，共14分)

36.往100g溶质质量分数为40%的硫酸溶液中加水60g，求所得溶液的溶质的

质量分数。

37.将二氧化碳通入足量的氢氧化钠溶液中，完全反应后，溶液增重35.2g，

求有多少克氢氧化钠参加了反应?

高中阶段学校招生模拟考试七答案

一、选择题

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.D

5.A

6.A

7.A

8.C

9.D 10.D 11.B 12.A

13.D 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.A

二、填空题

21.+3；-2

22.Cu、4种

23.Cu、Fe

24.2:1 2:1

三、简答题

25.答：甲同学方案不好，因为生成白色沉淀不一定是BaS04，有可能是

AgCl，而乙同学则先加入HCl，证明某溶液没有Ag+，再加入BaCl2

则产生不溶于HCl的白色沉淀是BaS04

26.(1)a：CaC03＝Ca0+C02↑ b：CaO+H20＝Ca(OH)2

c：MgCl2+Ca(OH)2＝CaCl2+Mg(OH)2↓

(2)Mg(OH)2+2HCl＝MgCl2+2H20

MgCl2＝Mg+Cl2↑

四、实验题

27.(1)①试管内有溶液变红，而且渐渐上升

②C02+H2O＝H2C03

(2)CO2与NaOH反应，瓶内压强减少。

28.Na2S04，NaOH

29.CaC03＝CaO+C02↑

CaO+H20＝Ca(OH)2

Ca(OH)2+K2C03＝CaC03↓+2KOH

30.稀HCl、Ca(OH)2溶液

31.⑥③②⑤①④

32.水

33.C02 CO；H2

34.氧化铁

35.(1)①D ②B ②B、C、A、D

(2)C；B、C、A、D

五、计算窟

36.25％

37.64g

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