当前位置：文档视界 › 2020考研英语复习计划

2020考研英语复习计划

大家都知道词汇是一切备考的基础，考研词汇书大家肯定都买了，可是背了忘，忘了背，通过一段时间的记忆也就提高了10%-20%，

考起试来还是很多不认识。

要解决词汇这个问题，建议考生先借鉴以下的复习计划：

1.找两天时间，将考研大纲里的词汇从头到尾扫一遍，讲不认识的单词勾出来。

2.接下来每天抽出至少一个小时，以一周为一个循环，每天把不认识的单词抄到白卡片上，每张抄20个词，正面英文，反面中文。

一天抄10张，一天就能抄上200个单词，这4000个词在20天左右

里就从大纲上转移到了属于自己的单词卡片上。

3.当抄了一遍的过程结束以后，实际已经是对这些单词有了一个强记的过程，写下来的东西印象会深得多，为以后的背诵已经打下

了基础。把这些卡片每天抽五张带在身上，在车上在楼梯在图书馆

在食堂，任何闲暇时间都可以抽出来看看，忘了中文就翻过背面看看，一天下来这五张卡片的100个单词至少可以看上四五遍。每天

晚上回到宿舍睡前把昨天的五张再翻出来看看复习下。这样一天100，一个月下来能够轮转3000个单词，这一个月时间里，这些单

词实际每一个都已经见过五次以上，能够见到英文想起中文的几率

已经很高了。

按照上述方法，把5500个词可以化整为零到200张卡片，再变

为每天5张，大大化解了大量单词的恐惧感，演变成每天一个持之

以恒的简单任务，容易坚持，也容易收到成效。坚持下来的话，在

一个多月的时间里，结合做题，基本可以把考研单词做到一个中等

熟练的水平。

4.建议在接下来的月份中花一定的时间系统地看一些考研名家的辅导教材，特别是集中看完型填空、词汇辨析一类的部分，从细节

上就自己学过的单词作一些深入的辨析，特别是要把自己想当然一

看就选了，但却选错了的题目用红笔标注出来，并积累一定量这样

的题目作为以后冲刺时的重点回忆题，这个步骤的时间一定要舍得花，不光是对完型和词汇，打好了单词的基础对阅读、写作和任何

其他部分都很有好处。

阅读占的分数非常多，也是最重要的部分。要想把阅读搞好，词汇的复习是前提，只有已经能够做到大部分的考研词都能够掌握中

文意义，才能谈阅读速度和技巧。在阅读上困扰同学们的问题无非是：速度跟不上，长难从句搞不懂，选项辨析不清楚。

阅读速度要跟上，首先要逼迫自己有选择地读不同专业不同内容的英语文章，从平时开始，在做题以外的时候自然地去读。当你自

然地理解了一篇东西，哪怕是猜测到一些大意，这个速度比硬梆梆

地去啃是快很多的。尤其对于准备时间比较充分的同学来讲，应该

逼迫自己每天花半个小时去读一些英语文章，特别是要选一些略带

有专业性质的文章，这样可以增加自己的知识面和敏感度，这个工

作坚持一两个月后，对加强自己的语感和猜测能力是很有帮助的。

而就长难句的问题，大家可以借助辅导班老师的讲解，系统的梳理和理解考研的几类重点长难句即可。然后在平时的阅读中，培养

自己对长难句划清句子结构进而理解句意的能力。

至于选项辨析的问题，也是一个关键，很多同学是文章基本看懂了，却辨不出哪个是正确答案。就这个问题建议大家在打牢基础后，注意搜集一下关于解题技巧方面的资料，在明晰了阅读的命题规律

和答题思路后，在有意识地去做一些训练，势必会攻克这一难题的。

考研阅读的另外一部分是新题型，针对这种题型，最重要的是阅读速度跟得上，有足够的时间理解意思，然后语言感觉好，能发现

其中合理的起承转合，感觉出语篇和内容的叙述先后。

关于写作，手头配备一本较好的考研英语作文书，每天去看2篇范文，学习其谋篇的思路和框架，学习其遣词造句的模式，掌握里

面的重点核心词汇，在这个阶段完全可以把写作范文当作精读来看。接下来开始找出一些话题每周至少写三篇作文，写的时候要对自己

有严格的时间限制，写完后在和范文相对照，一定要通过对照找出

自己的差距，并按照范文改善自己的表达。在最后阶段，背诵自己

收集的或从经典范文里摘录的经典例句、例文。并在做模拟试题时，一定也要完成其中的写作试题。

复习的成效需要测试来检验。我建议把考研的模拟测试分为四个阶段。

第一阶段检验原始水平

要检测自己是否有进步，必须要知道原始起点在哪里。建议使用

2-3套稍旧一点的考研真题，用尽量模拟实战的时间和环境来做一

个检测，使用真题是为了使检测标准符合考研的真实要求，模拟实

战是为了使结果真实，接近自己的实际水平。测试2-3套题目的是

使结果平均可信，排除偶然性。这一步只需要花2-3天时间，可以

清楚了解自己目前的水平，包括大概所处的分数段，各部分题目所

花的大概时间，单词和作文的水平也能大致感觉出来。

第二阶段专题训练

在这个阶段，应该按照考试各部分的要求，制定清楚的计划对词汇、阅读、翻译、写作各部分做重点的分步训练，不必急着一套套

地做模拟题，那是没用的。在自己各部分题目的水平没有提高之前，匆忙地做整体套题只会继续打击原本就脆弱的自信。

第三阶段再测试

在上一阶段的后期，慢慢就可以过渡到模拟测试阶段，结合继续的复习。这段时间应该至少每周做2套模拟题，巩固复习的成效，

同时通过模拟的结果来总结自己哪部分还是相对要薄弱些，并在复

习中有所侧重地多花时间解决它。

第四阶段实战测试

离考试还有30天左右的时间时，使用最近的五套真题，隔天实

战测试一下。用答题卡，用作文纸，掐表，关门闭户，用铅笔，全

部模拟实战，测水平。最好手边有一本有答案详细讲解的辅导书，

仔细研究错题的原因，补充知识点，这样可以防止自己对错题原因的主观臆断。

猜你感兴趣：

2020考研英语一真题试卷.doc

2020 考研英语一真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnum- bered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points) Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a sharethis weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sundayroast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as wereport now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4 to damage ourhealth. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a publicworming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that formsin some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that peopleshould 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin —crust pizzas andonly 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support suchalarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurologicaldamage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer inhumans. Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer buthave no

2020考研英语词汇

2020考研英语词汇 1.handn.手，人手，雇员;专门业人员;指针v.交 2.handbookn.手册,指南 3.handfuln.一把;少数;一小撮 4.handicapv.妨碍n.(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;不利条件 5.handkerchiefn.手帕 6.handlen.柄,把手,拉手v.处理,对待,操纵;触,抚养 7.handsomea.漂亮的,英俊的;慷慨的,数量可观的 8.handwritingn.笔迹,手迹,书法 9.handya.手边的,近便的;方便的 10.hangv.悬挂,垂吊;吊死,绞死 11.happenv.(偶然)发生;碰巧，恰好 12.happya.快乐的，幸福的;乐意的;令人满意的 13.harassmentn.骚扰，扰乱;烦恼，烦乱 14.harborn.(harbour)海港;避难所v.隐匿,窝藏 15.harda.坚硬的;结实的;困难的;难忍的;严厉的 16.hardenv.(使)变硬 17.hardlyad.几乎不,简直不;仅仅 18.hardshipn.艰难,困苦 19.hardwaren.五金,金属制品;硬件 20.harmn./v.伤害,损害,危害

1.harmonyn.协调,和谐;融洽 2.harnessv.治理,利用n.马具,挽具 3.harsha.粗糙的;(声音)刺耳的;苛刻的，严酷的 4.harvestn.收获,收成;成果,后果v.收获,收割 5.hasten.匆忙,急速;草率v.赶快;匆忙 6.hastya.匆忙的,仓促的;草率的 7.hatn.帽子(一般指有边的帽子) 8.hatchv.孵,孵出;策划,图谋n.舱口,小门 9.hatev.恨,憎恨;不愿,不喜欢n.恨,憎恶 10.hatredn.憎恨,憎恶,怨恨 11.graciousa.亲切的,客气的;宽厚的,仁慈的 12.graden.等级,级别;年级;分数v.分等,分级 13.graduala.逐渐的,逐步的 14.graduaten.大学毕业生,研究生v.大学毕业a.毕了业的 15.grainn.谷物,谷类;颗粒,细粒 16.grammen.(gram)克 17.grammarn.语法,语法书 18.granda.盛大的,豪华的;重大的,主要的 19.grandmothern.祖母,外祖母 20.grantv.同意,准予;授予n.授予物;津贴;转让证书 1.guiltn.罪过,内疚 2.guiltya.(of)有罪的,内疚的 3.guitarn.吉他vi.弹吉他

刘晓艳考研英语笔记教案资料

刘晓艳英语阅读课堂笔记：1、原句重复出现，200%错。正确的都是有改动的，即同意替换。 2、文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。 3、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的（要有这个意识）。 4、就一般而言，some people ，表作者不认同的观点。few people ，表作者的观点。 5、用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。200%错。（要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力）。 6、某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。 7、有的时候，一句话可以设2 个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。 8、文章基本以5 段为主（也有6 段、7 段的），要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说喔。 9、一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下! 10、每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。考研英语，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。 11、若文章首段以why 为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because 的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。 12、有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2 或3 句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。 13、在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案，接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。这和7选5的技巧有些相似。不过这种情况并不多见。 14、一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。是

2020考研英语一真题及答案

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but reduce their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening. 1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till 2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence 3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem 4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed 5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled 6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by 7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid 8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially 9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While 10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative 11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow 12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to 13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate 14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all 15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern 16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used 17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general 18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully 19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition 20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up 答案(1-20)

2020年考研英语词汇大纲5500个—H(新版)

2020年考研英语词汇大纲5500个—H（新版） 1. helpful ['helpful] "a.(to)有协助的,有益的,有用的" 2. hemisphere "['hemi,sfi]" n.半球 3. hen [hen] n.母鸡 4. hence [hens] "ad.从此,今后;所以" 5. henceforth ['hens'f：θ] ad.今后 6. her "[h：, 弱：, h, ]" pron.[she的宾格]她;[she的所有格]她的 7. herb "[h：b, ：b]" n.药草，(调味用的)香草，草本植物 8. herd [h：d] "n.群,兽群,牛群 v.放牧,群集" 9. here [hi] ad.在(到，向)这里;这时;在这个点上 10. heritage ['heritid] "n.遗产,继承物;传统" 11. hero ['hiru] n.英雄，勇士;男主角，男主人公 12. heroic [hi'ruik] a.英雄的，英勇的，崇高的 13. heroin ['heruin] n.海洛因 14. habit ['hbit] "n.习惯,习性,脾性" 15. habitat ['hbitt] n.(动物的)栖息地，(植物的)产地 16. hail [heil] "v.下雹;欢呼,欢迎 n.雹" 17. hair [hε] n.毛发，头发;绒毛，毛状物 18. half "[hɑ：f, hf]" n.半，一半 a.一半的，不完全的 ad.一半地

19. hall [h：l] "n.礼堂,会堂,办公大楼,门厅" 20. halt [h：lt] "n.止步,停步,停止前进 v.止步,(使)停止" 21. ham [hm] n.火腿 22. hamburger ['hmb：ɡ] "n.汉堡包,牛肉饼" 23. hammer ['hm] "n.铁锤,槌,榔头 v.锤击,敲打" 24. hamper ['hmp] "v.妨碍,防碍,牵制" 25. hand [hnd] n.手，人手，雇员;专门业人员;指针 v.交 26. handbook ['hndbuk] "n.手册,指南" 27. handful ['hndful] n.一把;少数;一小撮 28. handicap ['hndikp] v.妨碍 n.(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;不利条件 29. handkerchief "['hktif, -ti：f]" n.手帕 30. handle ['hndl] "n.柄,把手,拉手 v.处理,对待,操纵;触,抚养" 31. handsome ['hnsm] "a.漂亮的,英俊的;慷慨的,数量可观的" 32. handwriting "['hnd,raiti]" "n.笔迹,手迹,书法" 33. handy ['hndi] "a.手边的,近便的;方便的" 34. hang ['h] "v.悬挂,垂吊;吊死,绞死" 35. happen ['hpn] v.(偶然)发生;碰巧，恰好 36. happy ['hpi] a.快乐的，幸福的;乐意的;令人满意的 37. harassment ['hrsmnt] n.骚扰，扰乱;烦恼，烦乱 38. harbor ['hɑ：b] "n.(harbour)海港;避难所 v.隐匿,窝藏"

2020考研英语一大纲原文

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) 考试大纲 ( 非英语专业 )(2020年版) I.考试性质英语 ( 一 ) 考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： ( 一) 语言知识 1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。 2. 词汇考生应能掌握5500 左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容( 详见附录1、 2) 。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等 ; 掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等 ; 掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。 ( 二) 语言技能 1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料( 生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的 3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所选材料，考生应能： 1)理解主旨要义 ; 2)理解文中的具体信息 ; 3)理解文中的概念性含义 ;

2020考研英语：单词又快又好的四个步骤

2020考研英语：单词又快又好的四个步骤考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：单词又快又好的四个步骤”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：单词又快又好的四个步骤首先，我们应过不断重复完成单词的原始积累。这是什么意思呢?比如说incline这个单词，我们就记它的词性和基本意思，它最常用作动词，有“点头，倾斜”的意思，另有常用搭配“be inclined to do”表示“倾向于做”，到这里，我们就打住，不必再进一步深究，进行下一个单词的记忆。也就是说，在这一步，我们只需记忆单词的基本释义及相关搭配和词组，不必在单个单词上花费过多时间，追求的是遍数，是重复记忆的次数，每个单词每遍花几秒钟过一遍即可，至少过3~5遍，每个单词总共花费时间不会超过一分钟。在这一步，我们追求的是对一个单词的词形及意义产生一个印象，并且这个印象越深越好，看到单词反应出意思的速度越快越好。我们在这一步可以放松心态，轻装上阵，对自己的要求不用过高，不必追求100%的记忆率，有印象即可，因为后面几步的学习会对这个单词进行不断巩固。接下来第二步，我们就可以进行深入一点的学习，对单词在具体语境中的运用进行了解，结合词典上的句子体会单词的含义。我们还用incline这个词打比方，我们可以在词典中查到这个词的几个例句，如“The government is more effective than we incline to think.”，再如“I incline to the view that we should take no action at this stage.”以及“I’m inclined to agree with you.”过对这几个句子的学习，我们看出incline to do这个词组搭配既可以用主动的形式也可以用被动的形式，意义都是差不多的。那这一步，我们就过结合具体句子的学习，对incline这个词的意义及用法有了一个更深的理解和认识，同时也加深了印象，到这一步，对这个词我们已经不容易遗忘了。词典中的例句学习了，我们就可以进行第三步，也是很重要的一步，也就是结合例句进行学习。继续用我们上面的incline打比方，上一步中，我们学习的是incline及它的搭配be inclined to do在词典例句中的用法和含义，那在这一步中，我们就要去发现中它的用法了，中有阅读文章出现句子：“Mass media is inclined to cover disasters and deaths.”这里就又出现了be inclined to do这个用法，说的是大众媒体倾向于报道灾难事件和死伤事故，那我们对incline这个词的记忆就得到了进一步的加深;另外，在上一步的词典例句中，我们可以快速粗略地学习，但对于这一步的句子，我们一定要仔细研读，力求搞懂每一个词，如这里的cover这个词，就不是我们通常知道的“覆盖”意义，而表示“报道”的意思，相当于report。过这样一拖二的方式，我们又进一步扩展了词汇量。到这一步，我们对目标单词的学习已经很深入了。前面三步都是我们语言输入的过程，第四步我们就要进行输出了，也就是说，我们要尝试去用这个单词表达我们想表达的意思了。就一个单词而言，我们要能会用了，才算是真正掌握了。而拿我们考研英语来说，自然就是用这个单词及相关搭配去进行写作了。在这里就不再举具体的例子，同学们可以先用目标单词及其相关搭配自由造句，然后再找一年的作文，想出跟作文内容有关并且能得上目标单词或搭配的句子，再进行表达。这一步的练习这样进行就可以了。这样的一个流程下来，我们真正花在具体每个单词上的学习时间总共不会超过十五分钟，但已经对这个单词的含义和用法有了深刻的理解，并且能够熟练运用，这个单词已经内化成我们自己的东西。这样的效果相对于这样的时间来说，确实能称得上“又快又好”

考研英语阅读资料

Text 2 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but thedoubters insisted that we didn‘t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the scienceuncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government shouldstay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us tothe growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy ofSciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth‘s atmosphere is definitely warmingand that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protectourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the prefaceto the panel‘s report: ―Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the bestavailable guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policieson the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of presentactions.‖Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about globalwarming is incomplete, that it‘s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. Thisis a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risksobvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it‘s obvious that a majority of thepresident‘s advisers still don‘t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, theycontinue to press for more research —a classic case of ―paralysis by analysis.‖ To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmosphericand oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won‘t take thelegis lative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation

2020年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2020年考研英语(一)真题及答案 2020年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laug hter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. ____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our

53-54考研英语阅读报刊资料

精品值得阅读相信相信的力量阅读使人快乐，成长需要时间 How does the brain know when carbohydrates have been or should be consumed? The answer to this question is not known, but one element in the explanation seems to be the neurotransmitter sero-tonin (血清素), one of a class of chemical mediators that may be released from a pre-synaptic neuron and that cause the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse (突触) to an adjacent postsynaptic neuron. In general, it’s been found that drugs that selectively facilitate serotonin-mediated neuro-transmission tend to cause weight loss, whereas drugs that block serotonin-mediated transmission often have the opposite effect: they often induce carbohydrate craving and consequent weight gain. Serotonin is a derivative of tryptophan (色氨酸), an amino acid that is normally present at low levels in the bloodstream. The rate of conversion is af-fected by the proportion of carbohydrates in an in-dividual’s die: carbohydrates stimulate the secretion of insulin, which facilitates the uptake of most amino acids into peripheral tissues, such as muscles. Blood tryptophan levels, however, are unaffected by insulin, so the proportion of tryptophan in the blood relative to the other amino acids increases when carbohydrates are consumed. Since tryptophan competes with other amino acids for transport across the blood-brain barrier into the brain, insulin secretion indirectly speeds tryptophan’s entry into the central nervous system where, in a special clus-ter of neurons, it is converted into serotonin. The level of serotonin in the brain in turn af-fects the amount of carbohydrate an individual chooses to eat. Rats that are allowed to choose among synthetic foods containing different propor-tions of carbohydrate and protein will normally al-ternate between foods containing mostly protein and those containing mostly carbohydrate. However, if rats are given drugs that enhance the effect of serotonin, the rats’ carbohydrate intake is reduced. On the other hand, when rats are given drugs that interrupt serotonin-mediated neurotransmission, their brains fail to respond when carbohydrates are eaten, so the desire for them persists. In human beings a serotonin-like drug, fenfluramine 氟苯丙胺(which releases serotonin into brain synapses and then prolongs its action by blocking its re-absorption into the pre-synaptic neuron), selectively suppresses carbohydrate snacking (and its associated weight gain) in people who crave carbohydrates. In contrast, drugs that block serotonin mediated transmission or that in-teract with neurotransmitters other than serotonin have the opposite effect: they often induce carbo-hydrate craving and subsequent weight gain. People who crave carbohydrates report feeling refreshed and invigorated after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal (which would be expected to increase brain serotonin levels). In contrast, those who do not crave carbohydrates become sleepy following a high-carbohydrate meal. These findings suggest that serotonin has other effects that may be useful indi-cators of serotonin levels in human beings. 1 Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage? (A) The body’s need for carbohydrates varies with the level of serotonin in the blood (B) The body’s use of carbohydrates can be reg u-lated by the administration of serotonin-like drugs (C) The role of serotonin in regulating the con-sumption of carbohydrates is similar in rats and in humans (D) The body’s desire for carbohydrates can be i n-fluenced by serotonin or serotonin-like drugs (E) Tryptophan initiates a chain of events that regu-lates the body’s use of carbohydrates 2 The term “rate” (para.2) refers to the rate at which (A) serotonin is produced from tryptophan (B) carbohydrates are taken into the body (C) carbohydrates stimulate the secretion of insulin (D) insulin facilitates the uptake of amino acids into peripheral tissues (E) tryptophan enters the bloodstream 3 It can be inferred that a person is likely to crave carbohydrates when (A) the amount of insulin produced is too high (B) the amount of serotonin in the brain is too low (C) more tryptophan than usual crosses the blood- brain barrier (D) neurotransmission by neurotransmitters other than serotonin is interrupted (E) amino acids other than tryptophan are taken up by peripheral tissues 4 The information in the passage indicates that if human beings were given a drug that inhibits the action of serotonin, which one of the following might be expected to occur? (A) Subjects would probably show a preference for carbohydrate-rich snacks rather than protein-rich snacks (B) Subjects would probably become sleepy after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal (C) Subjects would be more likely to lose weight than before they took the drug (D) Subjects’ blood tryptophan levels would prob a-bly increase (E) Subjects’ desire for both carb o-hydrates and proteins would increase 5 The primary purpose of the second paragraph in the passage is to (A) provide an overview of current research concerning the effect of seroto-nin on carbohydrate consumption (B) contrast the role of tryptophan in the body with that of serotonin (C) discuss the role of serotonin in the transmission of neural impulses (D) explain how the brain knows that carbohydrates