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中英文化差异对英语学习影响

浅谈中英文化差异对英语学习的影响所谓文化，是人类所创造的一切物质财富和精神财富的总和。它包括社会组织、政治制度、经济体制、风俗习惯、学术思想、饮食、器具、舟车、房屋等，是一切社会活动的总称。而语言作为文化的一个组成部分，又是文化的载体，文化的传授和传播必须借助于它。由此可见，语言既受文化的影响，反过来又对文化施加影响。因此，作为英语学习者，学习这门语言不是将一些学习资料上的词汇、句型、语法等熟记于心就行，更重要的是要理解语言背后的东西，要了解相关英语国家人民的风俗习惯、语言方式、文化内涵等。因为语言仅仅是一种载体，是构成文化的一部分，只有深入研究语言中的社会化因素，才能够更深刻地了解英语的寓意内涵，才算是真正学好英语。如果学习者以自己的语言习惯和文化传统去理解英语，就会出现因为文化差异而导致的遗憾。因此，要想学习英语，首先要了解汉语和英语文化的差异。

一、见面寒暄

在熟识的人，比如邻居、同事、朋友见面的时候，中国人的寒暄往往是一种客气式的问候，比如“吃饭了吗”“最近在忙些什么”。对于这些问候，问者并不要求对方一定要给予准确的回答，只是表示自己对朋友的一种关心而已。但是在英语国家，如果有人这样问话，如“where are you going？”“have you eaten？”“what are you busy with？”就不是一种简单的寒暄，而是一种对对方有着明确意义，希望对方能够给予明确答复的复杂问题。而且像这一类

中美文化差异英文版

1.美国人的自我意识和独立意识很强。 Self-awareness and independent consciousness of Americans are very strong. 2.美国文化鼓励人民开拓创新，做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。 In America, innovation often is encouraged and people often do something nobody has done. 3.美国基础教育实践，注重创造的教学形式. American education based on practice, pay attention to teaching form of creation. 4. 中国的家庭结构比较复杂，传统的幸福家庭是四代同堂。 China's family structure is more complex, the traditional happy family is four generations. 5. 中国人的婚姻相对来说比较稳定。这是因为中国人把婚姻当作一个严肃的道德问题，喜新厌旧，或是第三者插足都会被认为是极不道德的。 The Chinese marriage is relatively stable. Because Chinese people treat marriage as a serious moral problem, propensity or a third people involvement is considered highly unethical. 6. 新中国虽已建立了六十年，但传统的君臣，父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍然根深蒂固。The traditional manner, parent-child hierarchical remains entrenched in the Chinese mind. 7. 主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常是令人难堪的事。在中国，主动帮助别人，给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德。 Take the initiative to help others or accept others help is embarrassing thing in America. However, help others is a virtue. 8. 在个性自由与团结协作上：美国人十分珍视个人自由，喜欢随心所欲，独往独行，不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义，主张个人利益服从集体利益，主张同甘共苦，团结合作，步调一致。 On the personality freedom and cooperation, Americans cherish personal freedom and don't want to be limited. Personal interest obedience collective interests and cooperation were advocated in China. 9. 美国家庭教育目的是把孩子培养成具有适应各种环境和独立生存能力的“社会人”；中国家庭教育的目的是把孩子培养成“才”，将来有出息，有个好职业，一生能在顺境中度过。 The education purpose of American family is to help children to adapt to the environment and improve the independent ability, and finally make children become a "social person". The education aim of Chinese family is to make children become a person with ability, and hope they can have ambition in the future, have a good career, life can be spent in prosperity. (You are very handsome! 或赞扬你Your English is very good时，中国人一般很谦虚地说：I do not think so! 或说 No ,no ,my English is poor. Thank you !; Have you had your meal? Where are you going? 他们则会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事，会引起误解。美国人见面，通常打招呼道：Hello! How do you do! Nice to meet you.) （American culture：The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓,经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self-first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity. egocentric:.自我中心的,利己主义的 American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes.Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind.Americans have very strong senses of success.Success is the pursuit of most Americans,it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward.They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career.Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs,scientists,artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes.The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children. incentive:Serving to induce or motivate: American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects:movements amongst locations and movements inside the society.The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom.Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities,from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land,from one city to another.Unlike European countries,the social classes in America is not so stable.Further more,with the advocation of public education,movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible.Many people living in

中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

浅谈中英文在文化上的差异

浅谈中英文在文化上的差异中国与英语国家在文化上的差异体现在社会生活的诸多方面，也体现在地域文化的差异，习俗文化的差异，姓名与称呼用语的差异，交际用语的差异，数字内涵，委婉语和对应词及其内涵方面。我从中选取几个方面来，通过对这些方面的讨论来探讨中英文在文化上的差异性。首先要讨论两国语言在文化上的差异就应该了解什么叫文化，以及文化与语言的关系。所谓文化就是一个群体的人们在其发展过程中引导其生活、保障其生存的全部内容的总和。我们每一个人，无论生长何地，都是各自特定文化与表达文化的语言的产物。鲁斯·本尼迪克特在《文化类型》中说道：“一个人从他呱呱坠地的那一刻起，他周围的环境与风俗习惯就影响着他的经历和行为。等到他咿呀学语的时候，他已成为此文化熏陶的一个小生灵了。待到他长大成人，能够参与社会活动时，这一特定的文化习惯便成了他的习惯，其特有的观念也变成了他的观念，其禁忌也就变成了他的禁忌。”这高度概括了文化对我们每个人的影响。同时，语言与文化相依为命，不可能脱离另一方面而独立存在，语言反映文化特征并预示文化发展的方向，两者的关系可简单地比作内容与形式相互依赖、相互作用的关系。中英文在文化上的差异具体体现在以下几个方面：

一．地域文化的差异地域文化主要指地理环境、自然环境方面的文化。受自然环境的影响，不同民族在对同一事物的认识上存在差异。有些事物在一种语言中为美，而在另一种语言中为丑；有些事物在一种语言中有丰富的内涵，而在另一种语言中毫无意义。地域文化上的差异又体现在： 1.中英文动物词文化的差异在中国，龙被视为神物，集力量、智慧、运气、喜庆、威严、威武、权力于一身。封建时代的皇帝常把自己比做“龙”，中华民族也称自己为“龙的传人”，“龙的子孙”。而在英语中，dragon被看作“邪恶”、“恐怖”，甚至“战争”的代名词。《圣经》里多次提到的魔鬼撒旦就是一个与上帝作对的诱惑者和叛逆者的形象，它被称作the old Dragon。英国着名作家狄更斯在《艰难时世》中也以“Dragon”这个词来描述斯巴塞太太：……镇上的人们走来走去看见她坐在那儿，却把她看作这个银行的“毒龙”(Bank dragon)。 2.中英文植物词文化的差异竹子这种植物与中国文化有着深厚的关系，历代文人墨客赏竹、画竹、咏竹。郑板桥的竹画享誉世界，邵谒的名句“竹死不变节，花落有余香”深入人心，竹子逐渐成了中国人坚强不屈、高风亮节的性格的象征。但bamboo一词在英语里只不过是一种很普通的植物，没有任何外延意义。二．习俗文化的差异

从英汉谚语对比看中英文化差异

从英汉谚语对比看中英文化差异谚语是一个国家人民日常工作经验概括与总结，其内容精辟,寓意深邃,具有广泛的感染力,从中折射出一个国家的地理,历史,社会制度,生活哲理,社会观点和态度及其丰富的文化内涵.作为一种语言,谚语的独特魅力在于它是民族文化的精邃.既反映了一个民族文化的共性又反映了其个性——受该民族的价值观念，宗教信仰，审美习惯，历史文化，社会制度和社会意识形态的影响。比如，居住在沿海一带，靠海生活的民族，其谚语往往涉及海上航行，经受风雨，捕鱼捉虾。而游牧民族的谚语则多涉及沙漠，草原，牛羊，骆驼和豺狼。谚语是民间流传的至理名言，措辞简练，便于记忆。谚语内容精辟，语言生动，短小精悍，通俗易懂，因而有广泛的感染力。正如培根所说：“谚语是一个民族天才，机智和精神的体现。” 正如上所说，语言与文化是分不开的。语言是文化的一部分，但是它又是一种特殊的文化。语言与文化间的关系，是双向的影响制约的关系。有些社会学家认为，语言是文化的冠石——没有语言，就没有文化；从另一个方面看，语言又受文化的影响，反映文化。可以这样说，语言反映一个民族的特征，它不仅包含着该民族的历史和文化背景，而且蕴涵着该民族对人生的看法，生活方式和思维方式。社会学家告诉我们，一切文化是独特的，互不相同的。人类学家Sapir在其《语言论》中说：“语言是个底座，说一种语言的人是属于一个种族或几个种族的，也就是说属于身体上具有某些特征而又不同于别的群体的一个群。语言…….决定我们生活面貌的风格和信仰的总体。” 不同的民族在漫长的历史进程中孕育了独具特色的文化。总的说来，英美文化的主线是个人主义（或称个人本位），而中国文化（以汉族文化为代表）则以集体主义（或称人伦本位）为主线。此外，英美文化受宗教的影响比较大，而儒家思想则在中国的文化中留下深深的烙印，漫长的封建社会对中国文化的影响也是显而易见。下面从几个方面来看英汉谚语的异同

中西文化差异英语对话

T : Hi yangxue ,I heard that you are going to studying abroad ,it …s a new experience ,which can bring you opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. Y : Oh !yeah ,in spite of this advantages, however there are also some challenges I will encounter. Culture shock will be the first one. T: yeah, I have watched several movies about western lifestyles and cultures, and really find an immense difference. Y: Yeah, the difference is almost everywhere. As far as the table culture, there is no doubt it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese. But people in America prefer to forks and knives. T：The different tools are based on different food they like. Fried food and fast food are Americans? favorite while Chinese people choose noodles, pancakes and rice. Y: Yes, besides, have you noticed that when we have meals with our families or good friends, we usually get some delicious food for each other to show our care. But the western style of eating seems to be more hygienic. Nobody uses his own fork to get food for others. T：Yeah, quite so. This is only table manners. I also know that greeting is different. In China, when I meet you in the street, I

中英文化差异在商务英语翻译中的体现

题目：论中英文化差异在商务英语翻译中的体现Title: Reflection of Cultural Differences between China and England in Business English T ranslation Abstract.................................................................................................................................. II Introduction (1) 1. Cutural Differences in Business Translation (3) 1.1 Culture Differences (3) 1.1.1 Definition of Culture (3) 1.1.2 Understanding of Cultural Difference ............................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2 Cultural Differences Representation in Business Translation ..... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2.1 Different Understanding of the Same Animal ................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2.2 Different Understanding of the Same Color ...................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2.3 Different Understanding of the Same Number .................. 错误！未定义书签。 2. Causes of Cultural Differences between English and Chinese错误！未定义书签。 2.1 Different Religious Beliefs Between English and Chinese ......... 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.1 Culture Influenced by Confucianism in Chinese (3) 2.1.2 Culture Influenced by Christianity in English ................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 Different Modes of Thingking between English and Chinese..... 错误！未定义书签。 2.3 Different Geographical Location between English and Chinese .错误！未定义书签。 2.4 Different Values between English and Chinese ........................... 错误！未定义书签。 3. Influences of Cultural Differences on Business Translation错误！未定义书签。 3.1 Representation of Influences of Cultural Differences in Business Translation错误！未定义书签。 3.1.1 Representation in the Trademark Translation .................... 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.2 Representation in the Denomination Translation .............. 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.3 Representation in the Advertising Design Translation ...... 错误！未定义书签。 3.2 Strengthening Cultural Sense in Business Traslation .................. 错误！未定义书签。

中英文化十大差异

中英文化十大差异在开放的现代社会，跨文化的言语交际显得愈发重要，已经成为现代交际中引人注目的一个特点。交际中的文化差异随处可见，言语环境中的文化因素受到普遍重视。下面是英汉文化中十大常见差异。 1、回答提问中国人对别人的问话，总是以肯定或否定对方的话来确定用“对”或者“不对”。如： “我想你不到20岁，对吗？” “是的，我不到20岁。” （“不，我已经30岁了。”）英语中，对别人的问话，总是依据事实结果的肯定或否定用“Yes”或者“No”。如： "You're not a student, are you?" "Yes,I am. " ("No, I am not. ") 2、亲属称谓英语的亲属以家庭为中心，一代人为一个称谓板块，只区别男性、女性，却忽视配偶双方因性别不同而出现的称谓差异。显得男女平等。如：英文“grandparents, grandfather，grandmother”，而中文“祖辈、爷爷、奶奶、外公、外婆”。

再如，父母同辈中的称谓：英文“uncle”和“aunt”，而中文“伯伯、叔叔、舅舅等，姑妈、姨妈等”。还有，英文中的表示下辈的“nephew和niece”是不分侄甥的，表示同辈的“cousin”不分堂表、性别。 3、考虑问题的主体中国人喜欢以对方为中心，考虑对方的情感。比如：你想买什么？您想借什么书？而英语中，往往从自身的角度出发。如： Can I help you? What can I do for you? 4、问候用语中国人打招呼，一般都以对方处境或动向为思考方向。您去哪里？您是上班还是下班？而西方人往往认为这些纯属个人私事，不能随便问。所以他们见面打招呼总是说： Hi／Hello! Good morning／afternoon／evening／night! How are you? It's a lovely day, isn't it?

浅谈中英文在文化上的差异

一．地域文化的差异地域文化主要指地理环境、自然环境方面的文化。受自然环境的影响，不同民族在对同一事物的认识上存在差异。有些事物在一种语言中为美，而在另一种语言中为丑；有些事物在一种语言中有丰富的内涵，而在另一种语言中毫无意义。地域文化上的差异又体现在： 1.中英文动物词文化的差异在中国，龙被视为神物，集力量、智慧、运气、喜庆、威严、威武、权力于一身。封建时代的皇帝常把自己比做“龙”，中华民族也称自己为“龙的传人”，“龙的子孙”。而在英语中，dragon被看作“邪恶”、“恐怖”，甚至“战争”的代名词。《圣经》里多次提到的魔鬼撒旦就是一个与上帝作对的诱惑者和叛逆者的形象，它被称作the old Dragon。英国著名作家狄更斯在《艰难时世》中也以“Dragon”这个词来描述斯巴塞太太：……镇上的人们走来走去看见她坐在那儿，却把她看作这个银行的“毒龙”(Bank dragon)。 2.中英文植物词文化的差异竹子这种植物与中国文化有着深厚的关系，历代文人墨客赏竹、画竹、咏竹。郑板桥的竹画享誉世界，邵谒的名句“竹死不变节，花落有余香”深入人心，竹子逐渐成了中国人坚强不屈、高风亮节的性格的象征。但bamboo一词在英语里只不过是一种很普通的植物，没有任何外延意义。二．习俗文化的差异

浅谈中英文化差异

浅谈中英文化差异礼仪文化是一门学问，有特定的要求。中国和英国作为世界上两大经济体，承载着东西方文化的精华，在亚洲、欧洲乃至全世界都起着很大的作用。中英之差，如下几点：一. 夸奖他人汉语“哪里哪里”是自谦的意思，作为对友人赞扬的回应。初通汉语的老外参加中国一对年轻人的婚礼。他很有礼貌地赞美新娘漂亮，而新郎却谦虚地说：“哪里哪里。” 老外觉得新郎认为自己说得不明确，就用生硬的中国话接着说：“新娘的眉毛、眼睛、鼻子、嘴，都很漂亮啊！”（引自https://www.docsj.com/doc/9c10758306.html,/xd_joke/59368.htm）在夸奖他人方面，中国人则显得过于谦虚。“哪里哪里”就是一个很好的例子。中国人在接受别人夸奖时总是刻意地去“贬低”自己，看起来谦逊。中国人以他人为中心，以肯定他人，赞美他人为前提。在英国，如果将中国人的谦虚放在英文里，则显得不通、生涩。英国人通常使用“Thank you”来表示自己的感谢，而不会像中国人那样谦虚。二.保护隐私 “君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”“事无不可与人言”就是中国人保护隐私的写照。中国人不够尊重自己的隐私，也不够尊重他人的隐私，见面时“你去哪啊？”和“啊吃过啦？”的问题在英国人看来都是侵犯了他人的隐私。英国人在见面时常常通过自然环境来开口，如“What’s the weather like today?”“The seven-day holiday is coming.…”“It's a lovely day, isn't it?”初次见面多用“How do you do?”英国人避免谈及年龄、体重、工资一类的事物（尤指女性），所以他们在隐私权方面较为慎重。三．宴客习俗西方人的饮食习惯不同于中国。他们的饮食似乎是为了维持身体的各项机能，为身体提供营养。他们非常重视请客时的礼貌，但与中国人在餐桌上的热闹截然不同。在中国，人们吃饭并不只是为了提供营养，更重要的是餐桌上有着浓浓的情意。四．语言互通几个同学聚到一起聊天，大家都到齐了，唯独不见Wayne。其中一个说“今天好像没见到Wayne”，另一个接着说“他的女儿放暑假，东西要从宿舍里搬出来，他大概帮忙去了”。正说着，只见Wayne从外面走过来。Joe于是说“speaking of the devil”。几个人乐了起来。我心想Wayne这个人平常挺老实的，为什么说他是devil呢？于是我悄悄地去问Joe。原来“speaking of the devil”是一条成语，相当于中文的“说曹操，曹操到”。也就是刚说Wayne不在，结果他就来了。我不禁惊诧于语言的共通性，因为曹操不是也有“奸雄”的称号吗？中英文在这一成语上有着这样惊人的异曲同工之处。（引自https://www.docsj.com/doc/9c10758306.html,/link?url=eMnEYl5WGYS1kzT1GY6IlDfyByNf48607M5vh OImUIbd7OkmWT5HnbtoPs59ILqEL-rv-p9u8gkQkayY7HTxBW0F3TVsmRfCmCdzz1BE95 W）中文和英文在互通中存在很多问题。中文和英文中的很多谚语如果互译很大可能会闹笑话。再比如中文中“信写好了”“碗洗好了”“作业写完了”翻译成英文都必须使用被动语态。中国人的思维方式，强调主观感受，将理性功能和交流目的融于直觉，而英国人则重视实证。由此可见，思维方式的不同给中英互译

中英颜色,动物,数字文化差异原则(中西差异)英语版

文化差异原则 1．2、 3、黄色 4、蓝色 5、文化差异问题是一个非常复杂的问题,英汉颜色词语的词义有时对应, 有时相佐,有时无对应。译者要在两种语言之间进行翻译,不仅要掌握两国的语言文字,而且要深刻理解两种文化之间的差异,在翻译时应该仔细推敲,谨慎处理。 2．动物差异语言是人类社会进行交际的重要工具,同时也是文化的重要载体。不同民族的语言既受到本民族社会文化的制约,又反映各自特定的文化容。如果某一民族的人们不了解某一特定民族的文化因素,则不可能进行有效与顺利的交流。因此,必须把语言知识和文化知识结合起来才能顺利地进行交流。研究对外汉语教学的专家贤州先生(1992)说:“跨文化交际之所以成为可能,正是人类享有某些共同的文化信息;而跨文化交际之所以产生某些偏差,是因为双方不能共享另一些有差异的文化信息”。英汉这两种各具特色却大相径庭的语言形式,其表达方式与文化习惯存在一定差异。这些五彩斑斓、丰富多彩的表达方式与纷繁复杂的习惯差异是由于汉民族文化与英美民族文化之间存在着民族历史、社会制度、道德信仰、文学艺术、心理特点、风俗习惯、价值观念、思维方式、生活方式以及地域风貌等等差别。只有充分了解英汉文化的背景知识,才能进行更有效、更顺利的交际。在英语文化中把人的某种特点与动物相比较并不常见,但汉语言中却有很多这

种比喻的例子。通过上面这个小例子, 我们可以看出,如果在翻译中遇到这种与动物有关的比喻性句子时, 我们一定要考虑西方文化的因素,避免用中国人的习惯说法代替西方人的习惯说话。这里还有这些搭配并不是固定不变的,比如bull(公牛)这种动物,经常跟angry(愤怒)搭配,但它也可以跟mad(疯狂)、strong(强壮)等搭配,因此千万不要搞教条,一定要灵活运用。古代原始人与动物为伍，生活在深山密林之中，捕鱼狩猎，以野生动物为食，繁衍生长。直到今天，动物仍然是人类生存与发展的物质基础之一，人类的生活一刻也离不开动物的存在。正因为人类与动物相依相存，频繁接触，因此在人类语言中必然存在着大量以动物为喻体的隐喻性词语，并依据动物的外貌、习性等特征赋予它们特定的情感和喻义。同时，又由于英汉两个民族在地域生态、历史传统、信仰等文化各个方面的差异，隐喻中所含有的文化涵也大不相同。英语国家都把狮子比喻成“百兽之王”，比喻勇敢、威严、权势、凶猛等。当比喻一个人勇猛时，会描述他为“ He is a lion. ”英国历史上查理一世因其“勇武善战”被誉为“ the lion-hearted king ”（狮心王），史称“狮心查理王”。正因为英语词汇 lion 的这种语义，在学术界有“威望”的人，也被称为“ a literary lion ”，同汉语的“执牛耳”、“泰斗”。［１１］ (P219-222) 英国自豪地以狮子作为自己国家的标志，英国国徽的中心图案是 lion ，因此英国又被称之为“ the British Lion ”，所以 to twist the lion ’s tail 意为“向英格兰挑战”。“ Lion and Unicom ”（“雄师”

中西文化差异英文版

With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows. First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once