文档视界 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档视界 › 人教版高三英语选修八电子课本课件【全册】

人教版高三英语选修八电子课本课件【全册】

人教版高三英语选修八电子课本课件【全册】

人教版高三英语选修八电子课本课件【全册】

人教版_选修8_reading_课文翻译

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修8 Reading 翻译北京文顺工作室2010年5月11日 Unit1 加利福尼亚 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。 美洲土著人 最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。然而,很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后,土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外,欧洲人带来了疾病,使许多人染病而死,不过,还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。 西班牙人 在18世纪的时候,加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的,他们同土著人打仗,并夺去了他们的土地3两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来,而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来c在首批移 居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战,美国赢得战争胜利后,墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是,这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。 俄罗斯人 19世纪初期,一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天,住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。 淘金矿工 1848年,在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了,但是尽管条件十分艰苦,多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生,并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。 后来的移民 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天,加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中国城”里。 19世纪后期,其他国家的移民,比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚,他们主要是渔民,也有制酒工人。1911年,丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代,电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人,包括许多犹太人。今天,加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。 日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的,而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来,他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而,更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的,当时他们

八年级下册数学冀教版电子课本

八年级下册数学冀教版电子课本 篇一:湘教版数学八年级下册电子教科书篇二:冀教版初中数学教材目录篇三:冀教版数学八年级下册综合训练八年级下册数学综合测试卷主备人:郑晓红、冯海啸班级姓名总分一、选择题:(本大题共10题,每小题3分,共30分)1.某同学为了解梅州市火车站今年“五一”期间每天乘车人数,随机抽查了其中五天的乘车人数,所抽查的这五天中每天乘车人数是这个问题的( ) A.总体 B.个体 C.样本 D.以上都不对 2.下列函数中,自变量x的取值范围是x≥2的是() A...D. 3.下列函数中,y是x的正比例函数的是() A.y=2x-1 B.y= xC.y=2x2 D.y=-2x+1 3 14. 下列各点中在函数y=x+3的图象上的是() 2 25(A)(3,-2) (B)(,3)(C)(-4,1) (D)(5, ) 32 5、十二边形的内角和为()A.1080°B.1360° C、1620°D、1800° 6、在四边形ABCD中,∠B=90? , ∠A: ∠D: ∠C=1:2:3,则∠C为() A、160?B、135? C、90? D、45? 7. 已知样本容量为30,在样本分布直方图中各小长方形的高的比依次为2:4:3:1,则第二小组的频数为() A. 4 B. 12C. 9D. 8 8. 如图2所示,在平面直角坐标系中,菱形ABCD的顶点A、B是(0, 0),(2, 0),∠α=60°,则顶点CA.(2, 2), B.(3, ,), 3 )C.(3, 2), D.(+1, 9、菱形ABCD的对角线长分别为6cm和8cm,则菱形的面积为( A.12, B.24 C.36 D.48 10.若一次函数y=(3-k)x-k的图象经过第二、三、四象限,则k的取值范围是() A.k 3B.0 k≤3 C.0≤k 3 D.0 k 3 111. 如图,直线与y轴的交点是(0,-3),则当 x 0时,() A. y 0 B. y -3 C. y 0 D. y -3 12、已知菱形ABCD的周长为40cm,两条对角线BD:AC=3:4,则两条对角线BD和AC的长分别是() A、24cm32cm B、12cm 16cm C、6cm 8cmD、3cm4cm 二、填空题:(每小题3分,共30分) 11. 在一块试验田里抽取1000个小麦穗,考察它们的长度(单位:cm),从频率分布表中看到,样本数据落 5.75cm~6.05cm之间的频率是0.36,于是可以估计,在这块土地里,长度在5.75cm~6.05cm之间的麦穗约占________ 12.在坐标系内,点P(2,-2)和点Q(2,4)之间的距离等于________个单位长度,线段PQ和中点坐标是____________ 13.点P(a,b)在第四象限,则点Q(b,?a)在第______象限 14.若解方程x+2=3x-2得x=2,则当x_________时直线y=x+?2?上的点在直线y=3x-2上相应点的上方. 15.在同一坐标系中,图形a是图形b向上平移3

人教版高中英语选修8各单元课文原文

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, t he native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases b rought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.

人教版高中英语选修8-课文及翻译

人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译 选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the

新人教版初中八年级英语电子课本(Goforit)上册

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Section A Language Goal: Talk about past events. 1a Match the activities with the pictures [a - g]. 1. stayed at home __f__ 5. went to the mountains ______ 2. went to New York City ______ 6. went to the beach ______ 3. visited my uncle ______ 7. visited museums ______ 4. went to summer camp ______ 1b Listen and number the people in the picture [1-5]. 1. Tina 2. Bob 3. Sally 4. Xiang Hua 5. Tom 1c Make conversations about the people in 1a. A: Where did Tina go on vacation? B: She went to the mountains. 2a Listen. Where did the people go on vacation? Complete the chart. People Places Grace Kevin

2b Listen again. Check(√)Yes, I did or No, I didn't for each question. Did you ... Yes, I did. No, I didn't Grace go with anyone? √go to Central Park? buy anything special? Kevin play volleyball? swim? meet anyone interesting? Julie do anything interesting? study for tests? go out with anyone? 2c Role-play conversations between Grace, Kevin and Julie. A: Grace, where did you go on vacation? B: I went to New York City. A: Oh, really? Did you go with anyone? B: Yes, I went with my mother. 2d Role-play the conversation. Rick: Hi, Helen. Long time no see. Helen: Hi, Rick. Yes, I was on vacation last month. Rick: Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? Helen: Yes, I went to Guizhou with my family. Rick: Wow! Did you see Huangguoshu Waterfall? Helen: Yes, I did. It was wonderful! We took quite a few photos there. What about you? Did you do anything special last month? Rick: Not really. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. Grammar Focus Julie

外研版八年级英语下册课文电子课本

外研版八年级英语下册课文电子课本 M1 U1 It smells delicious. Tony:Mm…What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice. Betty: Thanks! Would you like to try some? Tony: Yes, please. It looks lovely, it smells delicious, and mm, it tastes good. Daming: What’s that on top? Betty: Oh, that’s cheese. Do you want to try a piece? Daming: Ugh! No, t hanks. I’m afraid I don’t like cheese. It doesn’t smell fresh. It smells too strong and it tastes a bit sour. Betty: Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try! Daming: Thanks! They taste really sweet and they feel soft in the middle. Tony: Are you cooking lots of different things? You look very busy! Betty: Yes, I am! There’s some pizza and some cookies, and now I’m making an apple pie. Daming: Apple pie sounds nice. I have a sweet tooth, you know. Shall I get the sugar? Betty:Yes, please. Oh, are you sure that’s sugar? Taste it first. It might be salt. Daming: No, it’s OK. It tastes sweet. It’s sugar. Tony: What’s this? It tastes sweet too. Betty: That’s strawberry jam, for the cake. Daming:Good, everything tastes so sweet! It’s my lucky day! Questions: 1. Does Tony’s pizza taste good? _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why doesn’t Daming like the cheese? _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What’s Betty doing? _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who has a sweet tooth? _______________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1. Yes, it does. 2. Because it doesn’t smell fresh. It smells too strong and it tastes a bit sour. 3. She is making an apple pie. 4. Daming.

人教版高中英语选修8课本练习配套参考答案-精编

Unit1 课内练习答案(P3 Comprehending 1) 1. First settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America. These people are now known as Native Americans. 2. Spanish soldiers arrived in South America. 3. California became part of Mexico. 4. The US declared war on Mexico. 5. Gold was discovered in California. 6. California became the 31st state of the US. P3Ex.2 第一行: in the early 16th century early 1800s 1800s 第二行: late 1840s / early 1850s in the late 19th century 1911 第三行: 1920s beginning of the 20th century from about the 1970s 第四行: from about the 1970s in more recent decades from about the 1970s P4Ex.1(learning about language) Adjective major Italian hard Korean racial Pakistani distinct Danish Noun majority Italy hardship Korea race Pakistan distinction Denmark P4Ex.2 1federal 2Catholic 3majority 4Ministry 5boom 6Italy 7distinction 8hardships 9Korea 10elected P4Ex.3 Arctic, Strait, crossing, by means of, rail, making a life, aircraft P5 Ex.3;P6Ex.2 P5 Ex.3

新人教版英语选修八第二单元Reading的课文译文

新人教版英语选修八第二单元Reading的课文译文 克隆:它将把我们引向何方? 克隆一直与我们同在,而如今它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时,或者当你从植物上取下一小部分放在实验室里生长时,就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上,从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上,它们是自然克隆现象。 克隆技术有两大用途。第一,园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物;第二,它在对新植物物种的研究以及在对动物的医学研究方面都是很有价值的。克隆植物简单,但克隆动物就比较复杂了,在程序上也就难以处理了。起初,这种程序不够精确,所以克隆哺乳动物的多次尝试都失败了。但是,科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报,这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。它的程序如下图(略)所示: 1.母羊(甲)提供一个卵细胞。 2.在卵细胞中取出细胞核。 3.卵细胞准备接受新的细胞核。 4.母羊(乙)提供一个供克隆的躯干细胞,该细胞应包含有生产一头新羊所需要的全部基因。

5.取出该细胞的细胞核。 6.用电把母羊(乙)的躯干细胞核和母羊(甲)的卵细胞连接起来。 7.细胞分裂并生长成胚胎。 8.把胚胎置入另外一头寄生的母羊(丙)体内。 9.这头小羔羊就是母羊(乙)所提供的细胞核克隆而成的。 整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成长。多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上,这让他们很沮丧。可悲的是,同样无法控制的命运也在影响着其它物种,如克隆鼠。科学家们脑海里产生的问题是“这是不是所有克隆动物的一个主要困难呢?”多莉只存活了六年,这是它的原型羊寿命的一半,然而多莉在死之前却又成功地以自然方式生产了一头小羔羊。 另一方面,多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。它引起了争议,因为它突然打开了人们的眼界,看到了有可能利用克隆技术来治疗重病,甚至还有可能克隆出人类。 报纸还报道说,有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来,而且宗教领袖还提出了道德方面的问题。各国政府惶恐不安,许多政府明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究。有些国家,如中国和英国,则仍然在收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类,以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。

高中英语人教版选修8翻译课文翻译

如对您有帮助,请购买打赏,谢谢您! 英语选修8 翻译 Unit1 一个多元文化的国家 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。 美洲土著人 最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。然而,很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后,土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外,欧洲人带来了疾病,使许多人染病而死,不过,还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。 西班牙人 在18世纪的时候,加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的,他们同土著人打仗,并夺去了他们的土地。两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来,而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移 居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战,美国赢得战争胜利后,墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是,这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。 俄罗斯人 19世纪初期,一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天,住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。 淘金矿工 1848年,在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了,但是尽管条件十分艰苦,多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生,并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。 后来的移民 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天,加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中国城”里。 19世纪后期,其他国家的移民,比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚,他们主要是渔民,也有制酒工人。1911年,丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代,电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人,包括许多犹太人。今天,加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。 日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的,而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来,他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而,更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的,当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作。 最近期的移民

新人教版初中八年级英语电子课本Goforit上册

新人教版初中八年级英语电子课本G o f o r i t上 册 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation Section A Language Goal: Talk about past events. 1a Match the activities with the pictures [a - g]. 1. stayed at home __f__ 5. went to the mountains ______ 2. went to New York City ______ 6. went to the beach ______ 3. visited my uncle ______ 7. visited museums ______ 4. went to summer camp ______ 1b Listen and number the people in the picture [1-5]. 1. Tina 2. Bob 3. Sally 4. Xiang Hua 5. Tom A: Where did Tina go on vacation B: She went to the mountains. 2a Listen. Where did the people go on vacation Complete the chart. People Places Grace Kevin

2b Listen again. Check(√)Yes, I Julie did or No, I didn't for each question. Did you ...Yes, I did.No, I didn't Grace go with anyone√ go to Central Park buy anything special Kevin play volleyball swim meet anyone interesting Julie do anything interesting study for tests go out with anyone A: Grace, where did you go on vacation B: I went to New York City. A: Oh, really Did you go with anyone B: Yes, I went with my mother. 2d Role-play the conversation. Rick: Hi, Helen. Long time no see. Helen: Hi, Rick. Yes, I was on vacation last month. Rick: Oh, did you go anywhere interesting Helen: Yes, I went to Guizhou with my family. Rick: Wow! Did you see Huangguoshu Waterfall Helen: Yes, I did. It was wonderful! We took quite a few photos there. What about you Did you do anything special last month

华东师大版八年级数学下册电子课本说课讲解

第17章分式 (2) §17.1 分式及其基本性质 (2) 1.分式的概念 (2) 2.分式的基本性质 (3) §17.2分式的运算 (5) 1.分式的乘除法 (5) 2.分式的加减法 (6) 阅读材料 (9) §17.3可化为一元一次方程的分式方程 (10) §17.4零指数幂与负整指数幂 (12) 1.零指数幂与负整指数幂 (12) 2.科学记数法 (13) 小结 (14) 复习题 (15)

第17章 分 式 现要装配30台机器,在装配好6台后,采用了新的技术,每天的工作效率提高了一倍,结果共用了3天完成任务。如果设原来每天能装配x 台机器,那么不难列出方程: 326306=-+x x 这个方程左边的式子已不再是整式,这就涉及到分式与分式方程的问题. §17.1 分式及其基本性质 1.分式的概念 做一做 (1)面积为2平方米的长方形一边长3米,则它的另一边长为_____米; (2)面积为S 平方米的长方形一边长a 米,则它的另一边长为________米; (3)一箱苹果售价p 元,总重m 千克,箱重n 千克,则每千克苹果的售价是______元; 形如B A (A 、B 是整式,且B 中含有字母,B ≠0)的式子,叫做分式(fraction ). 其中 A 叫做分式的分子(numerator ),B 叫做分式的分母(denominator ). 整式和分式统称有理式(rational expression ), 即有 有理式 整式, 分式. 例1 下列各有理式中,哪些是整式?哪些是分式?

(1) x 1;(2)2 x ;(3)y x xy +2;(4)33y x -. 解:属于整式的有:(2)、(4);属于分式的有:(1)、(3). 注意:在分式中,分母的值不能是零.如果分母的值是零,则分式没有意义. 例如,在分式a S 中,a ≠0;在分式n m -9 中,m ≠n. 例2 当x 取什么值时,下列分式有意义? (1)11-x ;(2)3 22 +-x x . 分析 要使分式有意义,必须且只须分母不等于零. 解 (1)分母1-x ≠0,即x ≠1. 所以,当x ≠1时,分式1 1 -x 有意义. (2)分母23+x ≠0,即x ≠-2 3 . 所以,当x ≠-23时,分式3 22 +-x x 有意义. 2.分式的基本性质 在进行分数的化简与运算时,常要进行约分和通分,其主要依据是分数的基本性质.类似地,分式有如下基本性质: 分式的分子与分母都乘以(或除以)同一个不等于零的整式,分式的值不变. 与分数类似,根据分式的基本性,可以对分式进行约分和通分. 例3 约分 (1)4 3 22016xy y x -; (2)44422+--x x x 分析 分式的约分,即要求把分子与分母的公因式约去.为此,首先要找出 分子与分母的公因式. 解(1)4 3 22016xy y x -=-y xy x xy 544433??=-y x 54. (2)44422+--x x x =2)2()2)(2(--+x x x =2 2 -+x x . 约分后,分子与分母不再有公因式. 分子与分母没有公因式称为最简分式. 例4 通分

八年级数学上册电子课本目录(义务教育教科书)

八年级数学上册电子课本目录(义务教育教科书) 第一章勾股定理 1. 探索勾股定理 2. 一定是直角三角形吗 3. 勾股定理的应用 回顾与思考 复习题 第二章实数 1. 认识无理数 2. 平方根 3. 立方根 4. 估算 5. 用计算器开方 6. 实数 7.二次根式 回顾与思考 复习题 第三章位置与坐标 1. 确定位置 2. 平面直角坐标系 3. 轴对称与坐标变化 回顾与思考 复习题 第四章一次函数 1. 函数 2. 一次函数与正比例函数 3. 一次函数的图象 4. 一次函数的应用 回顾与思考 复习题 第五章二元一次方程组 1. 认识二元一次方程组 2. 求解二元一次方程组 3. 应用二元一次方程组——鸡兔同笼 4. 应用二元一次方程组——增收节支 5. 应用二元一次方程组——里程碑上的数 6. 二元一次方程与一次函数

7. 用二元一次方程组确定一次函数表达式 *8. 三元一次方程组 回顾与思考 复习题 第六章 数据的分析 1. 平均数 2. 中位数与众数 3. 从统计图分析数据的集中趋势 4. 数据的离散程度 回顾与思考 复习题 第七章 平行线的证明 1. 为什么要证明 2. 定义与命题 3. 平行线的判定 4. 平行线的性质 5. 三角形内角和定理 回顾与思考 复习题 综合与实践 ⊙ 计算器运用与功能探索 综合与实践 ⊙ 哪一款手机资费套餐更合适 综合与实践 ⊙ 哪个城市夏天更热 总复习 八年级数学上册电子课本目录(义务教育教科书) 第一章 勾股定理 1、勾股定理 直角三角形两直角边a ,b 的平方和等于斜边c 的平方,即222c b a =+ 2、勾股定理的逆定理 如果三角形的三边长a ,b ,c 有关系222c b a =+,那么这个三角形是直角三 角形 3、勾股数:满足222c b a =+的三个正整数,称为勾股数。 4、勾股数?满足勾股定理 的有理数组( a , b , c ) 称为勾股数组 5.常见的勾股数; 3,4,5 : 勾三股四弦五 5,12,13 : 5·12记一生 6,8,10: 连续的偶数 7,24,25 : 企鹅是二百五 8,15,17 : 八月十五在一起 开头数字为20以内

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档