高三必备英语阅读理解技巧全解及练习题(含答案)

高三必备英语阅读理解技巧全解及练习题(含答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. One reason Dad had so many children was that he was confident anything he and Mother teamed upon was sure to be a success.

Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions —or “motion study,” as Dad and Mother named it.

Dad took moving pictures of us children washing dishes, so that he could determine how we could reduce our motions and thus hurry through the task. Each child who wanted extra pocket money put forward an offer saying what he would do the job for. The lowest bidder got the contract(合约).

Dad put process and work charts in the bathrooms. Every child old enough to write — and Dad expected his children to start writing at a young age — was required to sign their names on the charts in the morning after he had brushed his teeth, taken a bath, combed his hair, and made his bed. At night, each child had to weigh himself, mark the figure on a graph, and sign the process charts again after he had done his homework, washed his hands and face, and brushed his teeth. Mother wanted to have a place on the charts for saying prayers, but Dad said as far as he was concerned prayers were voluntary.

It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven. He even used two shaving brushes to make his face smooth enough, because he found that by so doing he could cut seventeen seconds off his shaving time. For a while he tried shaving with two razors, but he finally gave that up.

“I can save forty-four seconds,” he complained, “but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.” It wasn't the injured throat that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.

（1）Why was the author's house considered a sort of school?

A. It had a team of twelve children there.

B. The children were taught how to work well in it.

C. The parents could teach their children better at home.

D. The parents could have the children's daily activities recorded.

（2）What is the purpose of signing the charts?

A. To help to do things efficiently.

B. To manage the big family effectively.

C. To look after the children better.

D. To remind the children to obey the rules.

（3）What did the father complain about one morning?

A. He should have given up shaving.

B. His bleeding throat bothered him.

C. He couldn't shave with two razors.

D. He failed to cut short his shaving time.

（4）We can we infer from the text?

A. The kids had to bid for everything they wanted.

B. The author took pride in his father's management.

C. The couple were always troubled by their children.

D. The father's work was to teach the children at home.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者父亲有一套严格有效的管理教育子女的方法，使作者感到自豪。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions —or ‘motion study,’ as Dad and Mother named it.”可知，作者的家被认为是一种学校是因为孩子们被教导如何在里面工作得很好。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert.”可知，签署图表的目的是为了帮助我们有效地做事。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“‘I can save forty-fo ur seconds,’ he complained, ‘but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.’ It wasn't the injured throat that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.”可知，父亲抱怨他没能缩短他的剃须时间。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven.”可知，作者以他父亲的管理而自豪。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

As one of the world's most popular cultural mediums, cinema is at the leading position at the Taihu World Cultural Forum(论坛), an annual event that aims to improve cultural exchanges. So far this year, Chinese box office has already topped 58 billion yuan, the China Film Administration said. This indicates that China, the world's second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world's top cinema market.

Cao Yin, director of the program center at China Movie Channel, said that China has 67,000 cinema screens. the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.) ,Cao added it has deepened cinematic exchanges between Chinese filmmakers and their foreign counterparts (同行).

With the country's huge native market, which produced more than 1,000 films in 2019, Hong Kong director Stanley Tong said he believes foreign filmmakers will increasingly seek cooperation

with China. "International coproduction will become an important platform to send Chinese stories oversea and give us a broader vision of creation," Tong said.

Recently, over 80 percent of the world's top 100 highest box-office titles have been action films. Tong said the films, in which plots are basically secondary to shining stunts (特技), is one of the easiest ways to appeal to foreign audiences. But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas. When asked what kinds of Chinese films would have the most global appeal. Yan Zhaozhu, chairman of the Taihu World Cultural Forum, said stories that address universal issues, such as environmental protection and climate change, are perhaps the best options.

（1）What is the purpose of the Taihu World Cultural Forum?

A.To strengthen cultural exchanges.

B.To build more cinemas in China.

C.To invite more tourists to Taihu.

D.To attract more international investment.

（2）What can we infer about Cao Yin's opinion in Paragraph 2?

A.Chinese box office has already overtaken the United States so far

B.The screens of Chinese cinemas will be world-leading in the future

C.China has signed the most coproduction agreements with other countries

D.There will be more and more cooperations between Chinese filmmakers and other countries.（3）How do Chinese filmmakers feel about selling their movies to the world right now?

A.Easy.

B.Disappointed.

C.Challenged.

D.Confused.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Box Office: Unclear Future

B.China: Top Second Movie Market

C.Cinema: The Leading Cultural Position

D.Chinese Filmmakers: Severe Competition Situation

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了电影作为世界上最受欢迎的文化媒介之一在太湖世界文化论坛上处于领先地位。该论坛是一年一度的活动，旨在促进文化交流。中国电影总局说，今年到目前为止，中国电影票房已经突破580亿元人民币。这表明，中国作为世界第二大电影市场，正在缩小与世界第一大电影市场美国之间的差距。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“...Taihu World Cultural Forum, an annual event that aims to improve cultural exchanges.”可知，太湖世界文化论坛是一年一度的活动，旨在促进文化交流。即举行太湖世界文化论坛的目的是加强文化交流。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Cao Yin…said that China has 67,000 cinema screens.

the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.)”可知，曹寅说，中国有67,000个电影院。中国是拥有电影院最多的国家。到明年年底，这个数字有望增加到80,000。曹说，中国已经与22个国家（包括美国，加拿大，日本，印度等）签署了联合制作电影的协议。因此从曹寅所说的话中我们看得出中国电影制片人与其他国家之间将会有越来越多的合作。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas.”可知，中国电影制片人向海外出售电影故事已经经历了数十年的艰辛努力。即中国电影制片人在将中国电影推向世界的过程中付出了艰辛的努力，取得今天的成就并不容易，challenged意为“有挑战性的，不容易的”，符合文意。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This indicates that China, the world's second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world's top cinema market.”可知，中国是世界第二大电影市场，正在缩小与世界第一大电影市场美国之间的差距。因此文章的最佳标题是“中国：第二大电影市场”。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital(婚姻的)status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu(印度教的)religion. The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects, and “bindi" is the one that is most commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction Men as well as women wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one.

The position of the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close to the eyebrows. It represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inward toward God. As such, the dot means piety(虔诚)and serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer's thou ghts.

Red is the traditional color of the dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to Hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. Today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. Decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and old, married and unmarried people alike. Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.

（1）Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead?

A.To stress their family background.

B.To indicate their social rank.

C.To show their religious belief.

D.To display their financial status.

（2）What is the function of the third eye in Hindu tradition?

A.To help the other eyes see better.

B.To look to the distance.

C.To see the outside world.

D.To pay respect to God.

（3）Why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?

A.The word "bindi" means "red" in some Hindi dialects.

B.Red was believed to be a lucky color for husband and wife.

C.The red dot represented the blood of God.

D.Red stood for a wife's love for her husband.

（4）Which of the following statements is true about bindis today?

A.Bindis are now used to make people look better.

B.Bindis are worn anywhere on the face now.

C.Most Indian women do not wear bindis anymore.

D.More men than women wear bindis in India.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital（婚姻的）status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“As such，the dot serves as a constant reminder to keep God inthe front of a believer's thoughts．”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“According to Hindu beliefs，the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple．”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Decorative or sticker bindis come in all sizes，colorsand variations，and can be worn by young and old，married and unmarried people

alike．Wearinga bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.” 装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。故选A．

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.

But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.

Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age ——there are plenty of foolish middle-aged people about ——but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes. Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.

（1）According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in________.

A.years of hard work

B.sharpness of the brain

C.rich experience

D.his deep understanding of the nature

（2）Some people achieve success much later in life because .

A.their work often requires much experience

B.they do not have a chance to show their talents

C.they have to learn lessons from failures

D.they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work

（3）The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that .

A.it helps to avoid various mistakes

B.it contributes to one's creativity

C.it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty

D.it provides the right direction of efforts

（4）The writer came to believe that .

A.it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future

B.it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible

C.one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward

D.one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的大脑在20岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, ... and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging t hem.” 人们发现，16岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑在20岁早期处于巅峰状态,... 我们知道阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。用余生来整理和安排这些发现。根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大的发现是在20-25岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰，可推断出，本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段“But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”但在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom.... Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible； and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他

们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature,”成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.......由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

There are at least 3, 000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers, there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes. Around 10, 000 of them are located in London.

The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle. Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.

Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. There are daily things that need to be done, like bringing fuel and water on board and dealing with 'waste' water from kitchen sink, shower and toilet. In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, so you don't have much space, especially if you are a couple, family or a group of friends.

Despite these difficulties, the number of people living on Britain's waterways has increased by around 50 per cent over the past ten years. More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water, but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.

There is a great sense of community on the waterways; many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life. This is quite a different story from people who live in flats or houses and may hardly know the people next door at all.

（1）What does the underlined word "alternative" in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Creative.

B.Enjoyable.

C.Non — traditional.

D.Primitive.

（2）From the third paragraph, we know that it is to live on the boat.

A.inconvenient

B.easy

C.boring

D.unforgettable

（3）Which of the following information is not given in the text?

A.There are lots of rivers and canals in Britain.

B.Many people live on houseboats in Wales.

C.Houseboat living become popular in the industrial revolution.

D.People who live on houseboats are usually very friendly with their neighbours.

（4）Why do many people choose to live on the water?

A.living on the water is romantic

B.living on the water is easy and natural

C.living on the water can avoid unfriendly neighbours

D.living on the water costs less than living on the land

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在英国年轻人中流行的一种居住方式“船屋”。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slowe r way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.”可知，游艇社区通常是由那些寻求慢节奏生活方式和想要接触大自然的人组成的；再根据第一段中的“there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes.” 这些人以船为家的。即他们以船为家，是因为喜欢慢节奏的生活，想要接触大自然。这与传统的居住方式不同。可知“Since then, houseboat living has usu ally attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle”这句是说从工业革命起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人。即这种游艇生活吸引那些喜欢“非传统的”生活方式的人。选项C. Non — traditional（非传统的）符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. ”可知，在水上生活听起来很浪漫，但也很辛苦；以及“There are daily things that need to be done, .... In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, ....”比如带上燃料和水，要处理“废水”等。冬天住在船上很冷，总有一种潮湿感。当然，大多数的船里面都很小.......。由这些例子可知，生活在船上是极不方便的。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段“There are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers,... Around 10 ,000 of them are located in London.”可知英国有许多河流和运河，其中大约10000个位于伦敦。可知A项正确；第二段中的“The earliest populations

of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle....”自工业革命时期修建运河以来，英国最早的“船民”一直生活在水上。从那时起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人，即说游艇生活在工业革命中变得流行起来，可知C项正确；以及最后一段中的“many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life.” 许多船民说，他们的邻居总是乐于帮助他们，而船上邻居常常成为终生的朋友，可知D项正确。综合可知B项文章中没有提及，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.”越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房子便宜得多。可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple —eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.

During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.

The reason is thought to be so - called similarity attraction theory---where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.

In a test, participants were told to watch TV --- where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.

The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.

The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.”

Harley Street psychologist Dr Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”

（1）According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who .

A. has the same taste as them

B. advertises his products on TV

C. reduces the price of his products

D. pays attention to the quality of his products

（2）The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that .

A. food plays an important role in earning people's trust

B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them

C. people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn more

D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV

（3）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.

B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things,

C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers.

D. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.

（4）Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?

A. Honesty is the best policy.

B. All good things come to an end.

C. Birds of a feather flock together.

D. Where there is a will, there is a way.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述心理学家发现，和经理们（乃至陌生人）吃同样食物的人更容易即刻获得他们的信任。也就是谚语所说的，“人以群分物以类聚。”（1）推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the time.可知，顾客很可能从味道相同的经销商那里购买产品。故答案选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.可知美国Chicago University研究表明食物在赢得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故答案选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the common ground and can trust the other person. Thai means negotiations are more likely to the success ful.”可知，吃相似食物的人更容易信任对方。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据每条谚语的意思A. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策。B. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。C. Birds of a feather flock together. 人以群分物以类聚。D. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。可知C项符合题意。【点评】推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。

5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。

7．阅读理解

Resorts of every kind have sprung up to cater to the Englishman need to spend a part of the year, however briefly, by the seaside. No town in Britain is more than eighty miles from the sea and there are seaside resorts all around the coast. On a summer Sunday most of the roads that lead to the sea axe congested with cars full of people eager to get a breath of sea air. In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.

Brighton

Brighton is one of the best-known south coast resorts and is very popular for day trip excursions. It is only fifty miles from London and can be reached by fast train in an hour. At the weekend the pebbled beaches are thronged with people sunbathing or picking their way to the water's edge for a dip.

Bournemouth

Located a hundred miles from London, the beaches are wide and sandy. White Houses line the cliff tops and narrow valleys, densely wooded with pine trees, reach down to the shore. The area near to the town of Torquay on the Devon coast is sometimes called Britains Riviera and the climate is so mild that palm trees grow along the sea front.

Blackpool

On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. At night people travel from miles around to see the extravaganza of lights decorating the sea front.

Southend

On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners. The pier here is the longest in Britain and offers a great variety of differing entertainments.

（1）Why do people often have a long slow drive home on roads in summer?

A. Because it is extremely far from the sea.

B. Because people are full of food, ice-cream and lollypops.

C. Because too many returning cars often make a traffic jam.

D. Because people are attracted in the resorts so they leave slowly.

（2）Which resort is famous for its entertainments and grand lights?

A. Blackpool.

B. Bournemouth.

C. Briton.

D. Southend.

（3）Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. There are palm trees growing near Bournemouth.

B. Southend has the longest pier in Britain.

C. People crowded into the water's edge at Briton for a quick swim.

D. Southend is a better preferred resort than Briton by London locals.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了不列颠海岸线上4个供英国人在海滩度过每

年的大量时间的度假胜地。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is t he long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.”可知因为返程车辆致使路上拥堵，人们装满食物慢慢开车回家。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Blackpool 部分中的“On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. ”可知Blackpool以其娱乐设施和奇妙壮丽的灯光而著名。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Southend 部分中的“On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners.”可知Southend和Brighton 同样都是伦敦人最爱去的地方。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don't know the meaning. "Only when I need to impress the person. I prefer using big words," says the 45-year-old.

Adkins is not alone. Many people use longer words in place of shorter ones because they know, consciously or unconsciously, that when others form impressions of them after a glance or a short conversation, they often work harder to give the "right" impression. "People think, if I can show that I have a good vocabulary, I'll sound smarter says Daniel Oppenheimer, PhD, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. However, if the listeners do not understand those long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.

The truth is that it can easily go wrong. "It's almost a game that two people are playing," says Eric Igou, PhD, a social psychologist at Ireland's University of Limerick. "If the observer, person B, doesn't have the same theory, it can backfire." Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.

Using big words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, "People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions," says Oppenheimer. That's especially true when it comes to the written word. A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology (应用认知心理学) found that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.

So what can you do to sound smarter? Speak clearly and directly. Leave the dictionary at your desk.

（1）Why does Kevin Adkins prefer saying big words sometimes?

A.He wants to make himself more easily understood.

B.He believes that it is cool.

C.He enjoys the feelings of being mysterious.

D.He hopes that what he says sounds smart.

（2）What is Professor Oppenheimer's attitude towards the behavior of using big words?

A.Disapproving.

B.Favorable.

C.Indifferent.

D.Cautious.

（3）What does Eric Igou mean by saying "it can backfire" in paragraph 3?

A.It can catch fire.

B.Person B can fire person A.

C.It can deliver an opposite effect.

D.The observer can also fight back.

（4）What can we learn from the small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology?

A.The writer who never uses big words is more intelligent.

B.The writer who uses big words the most is the most intelligent.

C.People like the writers who only use short and clear expressions.

D.The writers should avoid using big words often in their writings.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们将智慧和清晰的表达联系在一起，因此给人留下聪明印象的说话技巧在于你能够让对方很容易地理解你的意思。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don't know the meaning.”可知，Kevin Adkins承认，当他缺乏信心时，他会说一些人们不经常使用的词使自己显得更聪明，而大多数人却不知道其中的含义。因此Kevin Adkins有时喜欢说一些人们不经常使用的词的原因是他希望他所说的话听起来充满智慧。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“However, if the listeners do not understand tho se long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.”和第四段中的“Using big words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, ‘People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions,’ says Oppenheimer.”可知，Oppenheimer教授认为，如果听者不懂说话者的那些长话，这会给听者留下不好的印象。说人们不经常使用的词可能会使听众感到困惑，这会引起人们的误解，人们将智慧与表达的清晰性联系在一起。因此Oppenheimer教授对说话者使用人们不熟悉的词的行为持不赞成态度。故选A。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.”可知，说长话的人A可能被认为是在炫耀而不能体现其聪明。因此划线句子的意思是“它起到了相反的作用”，即说长话的人达到的效果与预想中的让别人看起来很聪明的效果是相反的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology found that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.”可知，一项关于应用认知心理学的小型研究发现，作家越是要让自己听起来聪明，他们就越被认为不那么聪明。因此我们可以从应用认知心理学的小型研究了解到作家应避免在写作中经常使用人们不熟悉的词。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out,

Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.

The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.

However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.

The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics.

Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.

（1）What give durian its unique smell?

A. Onions nearby.

B. Two gene copies.

C. Rotten ingredients in it.

D. Volatile sulfur compounds.

（2）What does the underlin ed word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Developed.

B. Escaped.

C. Predicted.

D. Tolerated.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. No birds enjoy eating durian.

B. Durian can be planted all over the world.

C. Some of durian species can not be eaten.

D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. What's Durian?

B. The Influence of the Smell

C. The Distribution of Durian

D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved 是同义词。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Bus Tours in Washington DC

The Lights Night Tour in Washington DC

Duration: 3 hours $56.33

Highest-rated Night Tour in DC! The ONLY DC Night Tour where the Tour Guides

HOP OFF with you at each stop and tell you about each monument and attraction. Hop aboard the Lights Night Tour! The best time to take a tour of Washington DC is at, night.

Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC

Duration: 6 hours. $78.96.

See Arlington Cemetery, Old Town Alexandria and George Washington's Mount

Vernon Estate on this small group bus tour from Washington DC. Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vemon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington's home on the Potomac River.

The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC.

Duration: 3 hours $ 46.92

See all the key attractions DC has to offer in a 3-hour format. You will learn all about the history and trivia that surrounds Washington and visit the major monuments and attractions DC has to offer.

Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.

The Blossoms Tour in Washington DC.

Duration: 3 hours $ 56.99

BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you'll be led to all the best spots by the best guides. The annual spring bloom in DC is a magical time and this tour promises to provide the very best tour opportunity for you!

（1）Which tour would provide you with a sightseeing boat?

A. The Lights Night Tour

B. Best Mount Vemon & Arlington Cemetery Tour

C. The Best Minibus Tour

D. The Blossoms Tour

（2）What is special about The Best Minibus Tour?

A. Its price is not fixed.

B. The best time to take it is at night.

C. The tour guide accompanies you.

D. You can get great photos of cherry.

（3）Which date suits The Blossoms Tour most?

A. July 4

B. August 15

C. March 27

D. October 8

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍在Washington DC 的Bus Tours。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC 部分中的“Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vemon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington's home on the Potomac River.”可知，在Best Mount Vemon & Arlington Cemetery Tour会为你提供观光船。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC.部分中的“Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.”可知，The Best Minibus Tour的特殊之处是它的价格不是固定的。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据The Blossoms Tour in Washington DC . 部分中的“BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful”可知，所给日期中的March27最适合The Blossoms Tour。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生在

准确掌握细节信息的同时，需根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

When it comes to gifts, it's not easy to shop for someone when you're not sure what they're into. Thankfully, Crate and Barrel's sister store —the modern, fancy version —CB2 has a gift collection that is just as beautiful as it is practical. They're known for their modern designs. We've edited a list of some of our favorite gift ideas from CB2 so you'll know just what to get.

Galactic Jewelry Box ($21)

This jewelry box is not only a place to store your jewels, but it looks like one itself. “Designed by UK-based Seascape Curiosities, the jewelry box brings deep space to your room. Open storage space lined with light grey cotton velvet holds most-precious posse ssions,” CB2 states. The best part? It's under $25.

Flamingo Catchall ($29.95)

Designed by the British fashion designer Matthew Williamson, this flamingo catchall is a pop of color in every room and offers a secure place to store some of your favorite rings, earrings, or little items. Not only is it an awesome addition to just about any home, it's also a great conversation starter at dinner parties.

Heritage Navy Leather Activity Ball ($49)

It's a great gift for the man in your life who loves sports. Crafted with design and function in mind, handmade activity ball (think of it as a smaller basketball) stands up to years of play and even gets better looking with age. It's a super addition to any bookshelf.

Black Nickel Cocktail Shaker ($24.95)

This cocktail shaker starts off with a smoky black finish and fades into grey. It's fashionable, functional, and — above all — easy to clean.

（1）Which of the following gifts would you like to choose if your brother loves football?

A. Galactic Jewelry Box.

B. Flamingo Catchall.

C. Heritage Navy Leather Activity Ball.

D. Black Nickel Cocktail Shaker.

（2）What can we learn about the four gifts?

A. Galactic Jewelry Box is easy to clean.

B. Flamingo Catchall can inspire people to start a topic.

C. Made by hand, Leather Activity Ball is fragile.

D. Black Nickel Cocktail Shaker is the cheapest.

（3）What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To advertise gifts from CB2.

B. To explain the functions of gifts.

C. To sell products created by CB2.

D. To strike a deal on fashion design.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了CB2的礼物。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Heritage Navy Leather Activity Ball ($49)部分中的“It's a great gift

for the man in your life who loves sports. Crafted with design and function in mind, handmade activity ball (think of it as a smaller basketball) stands up to years of play and even gets better looking with age.”可知，如果我的兄弟喜欢足球，我会选择Heritage Navy Leather Activity Ball 作为礼物。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Flamingo Catchall ($29.95)部分中的“Not only is it an awesome addition to ju st about any home, it's also a great conversation starter at dinner parties.”可知，Flamingo Catchall能鼓励人们开始一个谈话话题。故选B。

（3）考查目的意图。根据第一段中的“We've edited a list of some of our favorite gift ideas from CB2 so you'll know just what to get.”可知，本文是为了宣传CB2的礼物。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和目的意图两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生准确掌握细节信息的同时，需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.

More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.

They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.

Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.

Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.

The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.

One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.

（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？

A. Humans are the main cause of it.

B. It means a global decline over a long time.

C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.

D. Scientists still disagree about the cause

of it.

（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？

A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.

B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.

C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.

D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.

（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?

A. Land animals.

B. Marine life.

C. Huge animals.

D. Flesh-eating creatures.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大

规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个

科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型

动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种

灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生

在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；

根据第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction ——a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原

因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million species of complex

life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的＂By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还

会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂应为大型

动物，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅

读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

A call came into Jimmy Gilleece's bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at

his bar, couldn't find her wallet. She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.

Gilleece, 42, didn't like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined

to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from surveillance (监控) cameras, watching the

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