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英语写作在广东高考中占40分，超过了总分的四分之一。为了帮助考生写作时“句子结构准确”，本文通过两个简单句的连接展示英语句子的多彩性。

英语句子按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

简单句有五种基本句型：

⑴主语+ 系动词+ 表语

⑵主语+ 谓语(不及物动词) (+状语)

⑶主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语

⑷主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)

⑸主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语+ 宾语补足语

并列句是两个简单句通过and, or, but, so等连接在一起的句子。

复合句是含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句有名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。

请看下面两个简单句。

●他考试不及格。

He didn’t pass the exam. (主语+谓语+宾语)

He failed in the exam. (主语+谓语+状语)

●他的家人很失望。

His family were disappointed. (主语+系动词+表语)

以上两个简单句，我们怎样才能将它们连接成一个高级句子呢？

最重要的是，我们要理解句子间的逻辑关系，然后用并列句或复合句表达出来。

★因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。

1. His family were disappointed because he hadn’t passed the exam. (含原因状语从句的复合句)

2. As/Because he hadn’t passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (含原因状语从句的复合句)

3. He didn’t pass the exam, so his family were disappointed. (并列句)

4. His family were disappointed that he hadn’t passed the exam. (含that引导原因状语从句的复合句。注意：①that 引导的原因状语从句主要用在表示情感意义的形容词之后，如：sorry, glad, happy, delighted, pleased等②也有些语法学家认为that引导的从句是宾语从句)

★他的家人很失望是因为他考试不及格。

5. That his family were disappointed was because he hadn’t passed the exam. (含主语从句及表语从句的复合句)

6. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadn’t passed the exam. (含定语从句及表语从句的复合句)

★他考试不及格使得他的家人很失望。

7. That he hadn’t passed the exam made his family disappointed. (含主语从句的复合句)

8. It made his family disappointed that he hadn’t passed the exam. (含主语从句的复合句，it是形式主语)

9. It was that he hadn’t passed the exam that made his family disappointed. (强调句型强调主语从句)

★他考试不及格，这使得他的家人很失望。

10. He didn’t pass the exam, and it made his family disappointed. (并列句)

11. He didn’t pass the exam, which made his family disappointed. (含定语从句的复合句)

★得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。

12. After his family learned that he hadn’t passed the exam, they were disappointed. (含时间状语从句及宾语从句的复合句)

13. After his family were told that he hadn’t passed the exam, they were disappointed. (同12句)

14. His family were disappointed at the news that he hadn’t passed the exam. (含同位语从句的复合句)

当然，连接简单句不一定非要用并列句或者复合句。我们也可以用含非谓语动词的句子将它们连接起来。大家应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应地转换成非谓语动词做状语、定语、主语、宾语或者表语。请注意上面2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13等复合句如何转换成为含非谓语动词的简单句。

★因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。

2. As /Because he hadn’t passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (含原因状语从句的复合句)

→He not having passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (带逻辑主语的现在分词作原因状语)

→With him not passing the exam, his family were disappointed. (with复合结构作原因状语)

→Because of his not passing the exam, his family were disappointed. (介词短语作原因状语)

★他的家人很失望是因为他考试不及格。

6. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadn’t passed the exam. (含定语从句及表语从句的复合句)

→The reason for his family’s being disappointed was his not passing the exam. (介词+动名词作定语及动名词做表语)

★他考试不及格使得他的家人很失望。

7. That he hadn’t passed the exam made his family disappointed. (含主语从句的复合句)

→His not having passed the exam made his family disappointed. (带逻辑主语的动名词作主语) ★他考试不及格，这使得他的家人很失望。

11. He didn’t pass the exam, which made his family disappointed. (含定语从句的复合句)

→He didn’t pass the exam, making his family disappointed. (现在分词作结果状语)

★得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。

12. After his family learned that he had not passed the exam, they were disappointed. (含状语从句及宾语从句的复合句)

→Having learned that he hadn’t passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (现在分词作时间状语)

→After learning that he hadn’t passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (介词+动名词作时间状语)

→His family were disappointed to learn that he hadn’t passed the exam. (动词不定式作原因状语)

13. After his family were told that he hadn’t passed the exam, they were disappointed. (同13句)

→Having been told that he hadn’t passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (现在分词的被动式作时间状语)

→After being told that he hadn’t passed the exam, his family were disappointed. (介词+动名词的被动式作时间状语)

→His family were disappointed to be told that he hadn’t passed the exam. (动词不定式的被动式作作原因状语)

即时练习根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。

1. 他很忙。他没来。

(1) _________ he was busy, he didn’t come.

(2) _________ (be) busy, he didn’t come.

(3) It was because he was busy _________ he didn’t come.

(4) He was busy, _________ he didn’t come.

(5) He didn’t come _________ he was busy.

(6) _________ he didn’t come was because he was busy.

(7) His not _________ (come) was because he was busy.

(8) The reason he didn’t come was _________ he was busy.

(9) _________ he was busy made him unable to come.

(10) _________ (he) being busy made him unable to come.

(11) He was busy, and _________ made him unable to come.

(12) He was busy, _________ made him unable to come.

(13) He was busy, _________ (make) him unable to come.

2. 杰克出生在英国。他在美国长大。

(1) Jack was born in the UK, _________ grew up in the US.

(2) _________ he was born in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.

(3) _________ (bear) in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.

(4) Jack, _________ was born in the UK, grew up in the US.

(5) Jack, _________ (bear) in the UK, grew up in the US.

参考答案1. (1)As /Because (2)Being (3)that (4)so (5)because (6)That (7)coming (8)that (9)That (10)His (11)it (12)which (13)making

2. (1)but (2)Though / Although (3)Born (4)who (5)born

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