文档视界 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档视界 › 浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文英国

浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文英国

浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文英国
浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文英国

浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文Poetry and Essays in the Romantic Age

The literary movement called Romanticism represented a renewal of progressive thought and emotion (liberal, free and open-handed), which had existed before the 1700s and which had never totally died out. While Romanticism in the1800s signaled a new mood (a feeling or emotion held by a large number of people at a time 当时许多人的一种共同的情绪), the world had witnessed earlier cultural movements that also merit the name Romanticism. Specifically, the ancient Greek epics (古代希腊史诗)can be called Romantic, as can much literature of the Medieval Period and of the Renaissance, or Elizabethan Age. All these writings---and the writings of

the English Romantic Age under study here---emphasize human adventure, passion, delight, love of splendor, of extravagance, and of the supernatural. The Romantic tradition in all these periods can be viewed in contrast to another main literary tradition---Classicism or neoclassicism. The pendulum of literary taste seems to swing between the two traditions.

Now let’s have a look and examine the following lists, which contrast elements, outlooks, and concerns associated with the neoclassicism of the 1700s and the Romanticism of the early 1800s. Keep in mind also that although earlier literary periods can indeed be seen as typically Romantic, the period discussed here (1798-1837) is considered the Romantic Age. Neoclassical Romantic

Tradition experiment society Individual

Urban rural

Artificial Nature loving Intellect, reason Imagination,

emotion

Public Private,

subjective Logical, solid Mysterious,

supernatural aristocratic common Cultivated primitive Conformist independent constraint spontaneity Formal diction Natural diction Three notable poets of the 1700s---Thomas Gray, William Blake, and Robert Burns---were in many respects as “romantic”as any poets of the Romantic Age, but the work of these three was isolated. Why did

English literature change its views and philosophies, its aims and subject matter, so decisively at just the turn of the century?

Certainly, the historical issues and developments of the time played a major role in provoking and shaping the new literary movement of Romanticism(诱发并造就): One critic has said, “The French Revolution and Napoleon made a clean sweep(大获全

胜); after them it was no longer possible to think, act, or write as if the old forms still had life.” Also, the Industrial Revolution, its urbanization of English life, and its abuses against the working class called for a change in literary concerns and style. The Romantic poets in England also owed much to the Swiss-born French

philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). In his philosophies Rousseau rebelled against the cold logic of the 1700s and championed freedom and experimentation. He believed that man was most perfect in a state of nature, free from artificial societal restrains.

The romantic Age in English literature begins in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth enunciated his aims, among which was his belief that poetry should reflect spontaneity and emotion rather than the more sedate ordered tones of the previous generation(稳重严肃的,四平八稳的). Wordsworth also stressed a desire to depict commonplace situations involving common people living in natural settings. Coleridge chose to concentrate

his efforts on the supernatural. But both poets intended that their work---whether a treatment of the ordinary or of the mysterious---would stimulate an awareness of the workings of the human mind and personality(激发对于人的大脑的工作机制和个性

的自觉). With respect to poetic form, they advocated using natural, ordinary speech over the formal, stylized diction of the 1700s.

So we may summarize that it is in their view of nature and natural phenomena and in their treatment of the supernatural and mysterious that the Romantics differed most profoundly from the neoclassicists. Partly as a reaction against the urbanizing, dehumanizing effects of the Industrial Revolution, the Romantic

poets regarded nature in a fresh light and abandoned the well-tended gardens of the 1700s for the wilderness. Though Romanticism shared with neoclassicism an interest in the past, Romanticism emphasized Ancient Greece over ancient Rome. Furthermore, the Romantic concern with the past encompassed a renewed interest in the Middle Ages. Finally, the Romantics paid greater attention to the works of Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton than had literary critics of the neoclassical era.

The essence of the English Romantic Ages contained in the works of five poets---Wordsworth and Coleridge constituting the so-called first generation of Romantic poets, and Percy Bysshe Shelly, Lord Byron, and John Keats composing the second generation. These poets also wrote

essays and letters explaining their ideas about poetry. In addition, Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt, and Thomas de Quincey wrote personal and subjective essays on a wide range of subjects.

美国浪漫主义时期诗歌

Chapter 2 Literature of American Romanticism A Brief Introduction The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass. American romantic literature is best explained by referring to certain stirring events of American national history. Historically, it was the time of western expansion. The western boundary had reached to the Pacific by 1860; the number of states had increased from the original thirteen at the time of independence to twenty-one by the middle of the 19th century; its total population increased from four million people in 1790 to thirty million in 1860. Economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation, which affected American people's lives. The growth of industrialization helped restructure economic life. The sudden influx of immigration gave a big push to the booming industry. Politically, democracy and political equality became the ideals of new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Literarily and culturally, the new nation needed to express its own experiences: their early Puritan settlements, their confrontations with the Indians, their frontiersmen's life, and the wild west. Besides, the ever-increasing numbers of newspapers, magazines, journals and books reviews provided a great market. All these produced a strong sense of optimism for American romanticism. This surging romanticism also had support abroad. In Europe, the Romantic Movement which had flourished earlier in the century both in England and Europe added incentive to the growth of Romanticists in America. The American writers who traveled to Europe and kept in touch with European Romanticism were greatly influenced. Washington Irving was the most important. The greatest benefit for Irving during his travels in Europe was his contact with Sir Walter Scott, one of the most important British writers of his period. Scott introduced Irving to the Tales of German Romances, upon which Irving wrote some of his best-known short stories. In addition, Scott's border tales and Waverley romances inspired such Americans as James Fenimore Cooper. The Gothic tradition and the cult of solitude and gloom came through interest in the works of writers like Mr. Radcliffe, E. T. A. Hoffman, James Thomson and the “graveyard” poets. Robert Burns and Byron both inspired and spurred the American imagination for lyrics and passion and despair. The impact of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads added, to some extent, to the nation's singing strength. American Romanticism was modeled on English and European works but exhibited from the very outset distinct features of its own. For instance, the American national experience of “pioneering” into the west proved to be a rich fount of material for American write rs to draw upon. Then, there is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American moral values were essentially Puritan, and its influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. American romantic authors tended more to moralize than their English and European brothers, and many American romantic writers intended to edify more than they entertained. Another thing merits attention with American Romanticism--the “newness” of America as a nation. The ideals of individualism and political equality, and the dream that America was to be a new Garden of Eden for man were distinctly American.

英国浪漫主义诗人

英国浪漫主义诗人 威廉·布莱克(William Blake,1757---1827),英国第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人、版画家。主要诗作有诗集《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。早期作品简洁明快,中后期作品趋向玄妙晦涩,充满神秘色彩。 威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth,1770-1850)与柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)、骚塞(Robert Southey)同被称为“湖畔派”诗人(Lake Poets)。他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。他们喜爱大自然,描写宗法制农村生活,厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系,他们远离城市,隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区,由此得名“湖畔派”。华兹华斯的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》《丁登寺旁》《序曲》《革命与独立》《不朽颂》《远足》。 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(1772年10月21日-1834年7月25日),英国诗人、文评家,英国浪漫主义文学的奠基人之一。以〈古舟子咏〉(亦可称作〈古舟子之歌〉)(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)一诗成为名家,其文评集《文学传记》(Biographia Literaria)以博大精深见称,书中对想像(imagination)与幻想(fancy)的区别尤其著名。一生作诗不缀,但中年时自称弃诗从哲,精研以康德、谢林为首的德国唯心论。 罗伯特·骚塞(1774—1843)是“湖畔派”三诗人中才气较差的一位。年青时代思想激进,饱读伏尔泰、卢梭的著作,在威斯敏斯特学校学习时曾因撰文反对校方体罚学生而被开除学籍。进牛津大学后,他更醉心法国大革命,写史诗《圣女贞德》歌颂革命,后来还与柯尔律治计划在美洲的森林里建立乌托邦社会。但中年后骚塞的政治态度却变得十分保守,还热衷于趋附权贵,成了统治者的御用文人,并因此获得“桂冠诗人”的称号。1821年他以桂冠诗人身份作颂诗《审判的幻景》颂扬去世不久的英王乔治三世,攻击拜伦、雪莱等进步诗人,称他们是“恶魔派”(撒旦派)。拜伦作同名讽刺长诗一首,对乔治三世和骚塞作了尽情的揶揄奚落。 乔治·戈登·拜伦(1788—1824),是英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。其代表作品有《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》、《唐璜》等。在他的诗歌里塑造了一批“拜伦式英雄”。拜伦不仅是一位伟大的诗人,还是一个为理想战斗一生的勇士;他积极而勇敢地投身革命,参加了希腊民族解放运动,并成为领导人之一。拜伦是多产诗人。拜伦著名的诗还有《当初我们两分别》《给一位淑女》《雅典的女郎》《希腊战歌》《她走在美丽的光彩里》《我见过你哭》《我给你的项链》《写给奥古斯塔》《普罗米修斯》《锡雍的囚徒》《给托马斯·穆尔》

英国文学选读浪漫主义诗歌名家译文[1]

我好似一朵流云独自漫游 华兹华斯(英1770——1850) 我独自漫游!像山谷上空 悠悠飘过的一朵云儿, 蓦然举目,我望见一丛 金黄色的水仙,缤纷茂密; 在湖水之滨,树荫之下, 在随风摇弋,舞姿潇洒。 连绵密布似繁星万点 在银河上下闪烁明灭, 这一片水仙,沿着湖湾 排成延续无尽的行列; 一眼便瞥见万朵千株, 摇颤着花冠,轻盈飘舞。 湖面的涟漪也迎风起舞, 水仙的欢悦却胜似涟漪; 有了这样愉快的伴侣, 诗人怎能不心旷神怡! 我凝望多时,却未曾想到 这美景给了我怎样的珍奇。 从此,每当我倚榻而卧, 或情怀抑郁,或心境茫然, 水仙呵,便在心目中闪烁—— 那是我孤寂时分的乐园; 我的心灵便欢情洋溢, 和水仙一道舞蹈不息。 希腊古瓮颂 你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子, 受过了“沉默”和“悠久”的抚育, 呵,田园的史家,你竟能铺叙 一个如花的故事,比诗还瑰丽: 在你的形体上,岂非缭绕着 古老的传说,以绿叶为其边缘; 讲着人,或神,敦陂或阿卡狄? 呵,是怎样的人,或神!在舞乐前 多热烈的追求!少女怎样地逃躲! 怎样的风笛和鼓谣!怎样的狂喜!

听见的乐声虽好,但若听不见 却更美;所以,吹吧,柔情的风笛; 不是奏给耳朵听,而是更甜, 它给灵魂奏出无声的乐曲; 树下的美少年呵,你无法中断 你的歌,那树木也落不了叶子; 卤莽的恋人,你永远、永远吻不上, 虽然够接近了--但不必心酸; 她不会老,虽然你不能如愿以偿, 你将永远爱下去,她也永远秀丽! 呵,幸福的树木!你的枝叶 不会剥落,从不曾离开春天; 幸福的吹笛人也不会停歇, 他的歌曲永远是那么新鲜; 呵,更为幸福的、幸福的爱! 永远热烈,正等待情人宴飨, 永远热情地心跳,永远年轻; 幸福的是这一切超凡的情态: 它不会使心灵餍足和悲伤, 没有炽热的头脑,焦渴的嘴唇。 这些人是谁呵,都去赶祭祀? 这作牺牲的小牛,对天鸣叫, 你要牵它到哪儿,神秘的祭司? 花环缀满着它光滑的身腰。 是从哪个傍河傍海的小镇, 或哪个静静的堡寨山村, 来了这些人,在这敬神的清早? 呵,小镇,你的街道永远恬静; 再也不可能回来一个灵魂 告诉人你何以是这么寂寥。 哦,希腊的形状!唯美的观照! 上面缀有石雕的男人和女人, 还有林木,和践踏过的青草; 沉默的形体呵,你象是“永恒” 使人超越思想:呵,冰冷的牧歌! 等暮年使这一世代都凋落, 只有你如旧;在另外的一些 忧伤中,你会抚慰后人说: “美即是真,真即是美,”这就包括 你们所知道、和该知道的一切。 查良铮译 西风颂

英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱

英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱 雪莱(1792年—1822年)生于古老贵族家庭。 自幼富于反抗精神,受卢梭、葛德文思想影响。 因此发表小册子《无神论的必然性》(1811年)被牛津大学开除。 1812年到爱尔兰去支持人民斗争,发表演说,散发《告爱尔兰人民》小册了。 1813年出版第一部长诗《仙后麦布》,批判专横的封建统治,宣扬了他空想社会主义的理想,遭到统治阶级迫害,于1814年被迫出国,到意大利和瑞士,与拜伦结为知已。 1816年英国法庭横蛮地剥夺雪莱教育前妻所生子女的权利,雪莱被迫于1818年永远离开英国,定居意大利,但仍密切关注祖国的政治形势。 1822年7月8日渡海时不幸溺死。 雪莱定居意大利前后创作力最为旺盛。 长诗《伊斯兰起义》(1817年)塑造了革命者莱昂和茜丝娜的形象。 他们领导民众,推翻暴君,但暴君卷土重来,杀害了这对情侣。 长诗写于法国革命遭受挫败之后,以蛇与鹰的搏斗象征善与恶、光明与黑暗的斗争,旨在鼓吹革命最终必将胜利,唤起人民对人类解放的信念。

著名长诗《解放了的普罗米修斯》(1819年)对古希腊神话作了新的处理。 被锁住的普罗米修斯不肯向暴君低头,最后依靠大自然的力量获得了解放。 这首长诗富于象征意义,展望了未来的世界。 诗体历史悲剧《钦契一家》(1819)根据16世纪意大利发生一件案子,写贵族女儿贝亚特丽绮杀死她淫乱暴虐的父亲钦契的故事,肯定了以暴力反抗专制奴役的必要性。 雪莱写了不少密切结合英国人民斗争的政治抒情诗,如《暴政的行列》(1819)抨击政府对要求取消谷物法的群众进行镇压;《致英国人之歌》(1819)、《1819年的英格兰》(1819)和《致自由主张者的颂歌》(1820),表达了诗人对专制统治的仇恨并号召人民起来战斗,后来这些诗中的名句被编成歌词,在宪章运动的工人行列中广为传诵。 雪莱著名的诗篇《西风颂》(1819)以西风扫落叶象征革命力量扫荡反动统治,诗篇结尾的预言:西风哟,如果冬天已经来到,春天还会遥远?表达了他对未来的革命乐观主义。 雪莱还写了大量优美的抒情诗,如《云》、《致云雀》、《致月亮》、《悲歌》等,雪莱最后一部作品是献给反对土耳其统治的希腊人民的抒情诗剧《希腊》(1822)。 另外还有长篇论文《诗之辩护》(1821),论述了诗人的社会作

英国浪漫主义诗歌欣赏

Choose one romantic poet and make your comment on one of his/her poem. A Red,Red Rose Robert Burns Robert Burns is an excellent native poet of Scotland. He had written many lyrics praising nature, love, and friendship, such as “A Red, Red Rose”,“My heart’s in the Highland”. And today I will express my comment on his lyric “A Red, Red Rose”. This poem was written in 1794 and published in 1796. It is one of the world famous love poems, and one of Burns’best poems. It is written by a man for his lover. In the last stanza we can see that he is going away somewhere and “fare the weel”. The narrator keeps the poem simple as he does not want to complicate the expression of his feelings, his only desire is to proclaim his love for his partner, like a rose, soft, delicate, beautiful and innocent, in its simplicity, it sums up this man’s feelings for someone he adores. With its simple Scotch language, Burns expresses his love with strong emotions in effective words and haunting rhythm. The language of the poem is quite simple and such Scottish words like “luve”, “las”, “gang”, make it melodious and immortal. So, the poet’s own emotions are expressed with such vividness and simplicity that they appeal directly to the readers’heart. The red rose is a lyric of genius, made out of the common inherited material of folk song. It is an example of something that is very old but which seems startlingly new because it manages to convey deep feeling without qualification or embroidery. The extreme simplicity of the language and the charming rhythmic beat of the verse express better than anything else the poet’s true sentiments toward his beloved. In a word,it is the most popular poem in the world without any doubt, and I love it so much. 专业:英语专业 学号:B12123104 姓名:王利莹

浪漫主义诗歌

浪漫主义诗歌 导读: 浪漫主义诗歌 1、《再别康桥》 徐志摩 轻轻的我走了, 正如我轻轻的来; 我轻轻的招手, 做别西天的云彩。 那河畔的金柳, 是夕阳中的新娘; 波光里的艳影, 在我的心头荡漾。 软泥上的青荇, 油油的在水底招摇; 在康河的柔波里, 我甘心做一条水草。 那榆阴下的一潭, 不是清泉,是天上虹; 揉碎在浮藻间, 沉淀着彩虹似的梦。 寻梦?

撑一只长篙,向青草更青处慢溯;满载一船星辉, 在星辉斑斓里放歌。 但我不能放歌, 悄悄是离别的声萧; 夏虫也为我沉默, 沉默是今晚的康桥! 悄悄的我走了, 正如我悄悄的来; 我挥一挥衣袖, 不带走一片云彩。 2、《雪花的快乐》 徐志摩 假如我是一朵雪花, 翩翩的在半空里潇洒, 我一定认清我的方向—— 飞扬,飞扬,飞扬,—— 这地面上有我的方向。 不去那冷寞的幽谷, 不去那凄清的山麓, 也不上荒街去惆怅—— 飞扬,飞扬,飞扬,——

你看,我有我的方向! 在半空里娟娟的飞舞, 认明了那清幽的住处, 等着她来花园里探望—— 飞扬,飞扬,飞扬,——啊,她身上有朱砂梅的清香!那时我凭借我的身轻, 盈盈的,沾住了她的衣襟,贴近她柔波似的心胸—— 消溶,消溶,消溶—— 溶入了她柔波似的心胸!3、《云游》 徐志摩 那天你翩翩的在空际云游,自在,轻盈,你本不想停留在天的那方或地的那角, 你的愉快是无拦阻的逍遥,你更不经意在卑微的地面 有一流涧水,虽则你的明艳在过路时点染了他的空灵,使他惊醒,将你的倩影抱紧。他抱紧的是绵密的忧愁,

因为美不能在风光中静止;他要,你已飞渡万重的山头,去更阔大的湖海投射影子!他在为你消瘦,那一流涧水,在无能的盼望,盼望你飞回。 4、《初春》 舒婷 朋友,是春天了 驱散忧愁,揩去泪水 向着太阳微笑 虽然还没有花的洪流 冲毁冬的镣铐 奔泻着酩酊的芬芳 泛滥在平原、山坳 虽然还没有鸟的歌瀑 飞溅起万千银珠 四散在雾蒙蒙的拂晓 滚动在黄昏的林荫道 但等着吧 一旦惊雷起 乌云便仓皇而逃 那是最美最好的梦呵

英国浪漫主义分类及其作家简介

英国浪漫主义的分类及其作家简介 第一部分积极浪漫主义作家与消极浪漫主义作家 一、积极浪漫主义作家 积极浪漫主义作家,敢于正视现实,批判社会的黑暗,矛头针对封建贵族,反对资本主义社会中残存的封建因素,同时对资产阶级本身所造成的种种罪恶现象也有所揭露,因而充满反抗、战斗的激情,将自己的理想寄于未来,向往新的美好生活,有的赞成空想社会主义。代表作家有英国的华滋华斯、拜伦和雪莱,法国的维克多·雨果(Victor Hugo,1802--1885,代表作:Notre-Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院,1831) )and Les Misérables (悲惨世界,1862)、乔治?桑(George Sand,原名阿曼蒂娜-欧萝尔-露茜·杜班(Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin ,1804~1876,代表作:Consuelo,《康素爱萝》(1843)),德国的克里斯蒂安·约翰·海因里希·海涅(Christian Johann Heinrich Heine,1797-1856,代表作:On Wings of Song (Auf den Flügeln des Gesanges,《乘着歌声的翅膀》)、Germany. A Winter's Tale(《德国,一个冬天的童话》)),早期俄国的亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金(Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin,1799~1837,代表作:Eugene Onegin《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》、, 1830),波兰的亚当·密茨凯维支(Adam Mickiewicz,1798—1855,代表作:The Psalm of Youth,《青春颂》),以及匈牙利的裴多菲·山陀尔(Pet?fi Sándor,1823-1849,代表作:I am willing that it is a torrent《我愿意是急流》、Freedom and Love《自由与爱情》),等等。他们的生活实践和艺术实践,都是同当时资产阶级民主革命思想、与各国的民族解放运动联系在一起的,大多数作家是这些民族解放运动的积极参加者。 二、消极浪漫主义作家 消极浪漫主义作家不能正视社会现实的尖锐矛盾,采取消极逃避的态度,他们的思想是同那个被推翻了的封建贵族阶级的思想意识相联系的。他们从对抗资产阶级革命运动出发,反对现状,留恋过去,美化中世纪的宗法制,幻想从古老的封建社会中去寻找精神上的安慰与寄托。消极浪漫主义的出现,实际上是被打倒的封建贵族阶级没落的思想情绪在文学上的反映。代表作家有德国的奥·史雷格尔和弗·史雷格尔兄弟,即奥?史雷格尔和弗?史雷格尔,诺瓦里斯,法国的夏多布里昂,拉马丁?维尼,俄国有茹科夫斯基,英国有华兹华斯、柯勒律治,骚塞,等等。 第二部分英国浪漫主义作家简介 一、罗伯特·彭斯 罗伯特·彭斯(Robert Burns,1759-1796)苏格兰农民诗人,在英国文学史上占有特殊重要的地位。他复活并丰富了苏格兰民歌;他的诗歌富有音乐性,可以歌唱。彭斯生于苏格兰民族面临被异族征服的时代,因此,他的诗歌充满了激进的民主、自由的思想。诗人生活在破产的农村,和贫苦的农民血肉相连。他的诗歌歌颂了故国家乡的秀美,抒写了劳动者纯朴的友谊和爱情。 罗伯特·彭斯(1759-1796)苏格兰农民诗人,在英国文学史上占有特殊重要的

这是英国浪漫主义诗人济慈

英国浪漫主义诗人济慈简介(汉英对照) 这是英国浪漫主义诗人济慈(1795-1821)写给恋人芬妮·勃劳恩的情书。1818年,23岁的济慈认识并爱上了邻家少女勃劳恩,并在伦敦订婚。后来,他因看护弟弟而传染了肺结核病。1820年,他在友人的陪伴下去意大利休养,但还是于1821年2月23日在罗马去世。此信写于济慈去世前不久,表达了他对恋人的爱,以及对两人关系的担忧。”1818年的秋天,弗朗西丝·林顿的名字还是芬妮·布劳恩,在汉普斯蒂德她遇见了名叫约翰·济慈的诗人。这位默默无闻的林顿夫人,正是现在举世闻名的济慈未曾提起过的情人。 直到去世7年后,芬妮的身份才为人所知。尽管她曾把她和济慈的爱情故事讲给她的孩子们听,也向他们展示过济慈写给她的书信,但同时她也要他们保证不将此事告诉他们的父亲。然而当1872年路易斯·林顿逝世后,她的孩子们(主要是赫伯特)便将母亲的故事换为大笔收益。 他们确实大赚了一笔。虽然济慈死于1821年,年仅25岁,当时并不出名,但其后几年人们逐渐认识到了他的才华。现在他被认为是英国最伟大的诗人。他的诗作十分畅销,1848年,首部济慈传记出版发行,由理查德·蒙克顿·米尔斯和济慈的几位朋友写成,然而其内容也激怒了不少人。比如珀西·雪莱在挽歌《阿多尼斯》中指出,米尔斯的传记把济慈描绘成了一个被攻击性评论害死的病弱梦想家,这个形象过于感伤同时也犯了精神上的错误。虽然传记中有提到济慈与一个年轻小姐订婚,但未论及她的姓名。 芬妮见证了济慈的名声渐起,或许她也读了不少赞颂济慈的书籍。但她从没道出过自己身份,也没有对济慈的生活表现出很大兴趣。他的丈夫只知道她作为那位诗人的邻居在汉普斯蒂德见过面。 然而她一直把济慈写给她的情书留在身边,整整有三打;其中许多是短笺,其余则是长篇累牍的示爱,还有一些是出于嫉妒的胡言乱语,流露出济慈不为人知的一面。 济慈和芬妮相遇时,这位诗人正处在他人生中最混乱的时期。他最小的弟弟汤姆身患严重的肺结核,这种疾病夺去过他母亲的生命,如今也掌握着汤姆和济慈的。不过最初横亘在他与芬妮间的并不是疾病,而是贫困。 1818年秋,济慈刚与好友查尔斯·布朗从苏格兰游历归来。布朗之前把他那幢被称为维特沃茨的拼连住宅租了一半给布劳恩一家,他回来时,布劳恩家暂时搬去了榆木村。

英国浪漫主义诗歌的有机论美学

华东师范大学本科生毕业论文开题报告

毕业论文 论文题目:试分析英国浪漫主义诗歌的有机论美学班级:2008级对外汉语系1班 姓名:何安琪 学号:10082710113 指导老师:陈融 职称:教授 完成时间:2012年5月

目录 一、英国新古典主义机械论 (3) (一)、机械论的产生背景 (3) (二)、新古典主义机械美学论的困境 (4) 二、英国浪漫主义的有机美学论 (4) 三、以有机美学论为核心的浪漫主义诗歌的美学主张 (6) (一)诗与情感 (7) (二)诗与想象 (8) (三)诗与自然 (10) 四、机械论与有机论的区别 (11) 五、参考文献: (14) 六、致谢 (15)

英国浪漫主义诗歌的有机论美学 Organic Aesthetics in British Romantic Poetry 【摘要】 19世纪,当新古典主义机械论美学的批评对象和批评理论产生矛盾时,英国浪漫主义诗人柯勒律治和华兹华斯顺应时代的要求提出了具有革命意义的浪漫主义诗歌的纲领。华兹华斯首先在他的《抒情歌谣集》中提出了“艺术创作的原动力是想象力”,认为最好的诗歌是诗人情感的自然流露。柯勒律治与华兹华斯不谋而合,他将诗歌与自然界有机物的自然生长相联系,在德国浪漫主义美学观的基础上提出了有机论美学。他对于“想象”和“幻想”的本质区别的阐述是他有机论美学的主要观点。“自然”、“想象”和“真实”是有机论美学中的三个最主要的元素。从华兹华斯到拜伦、雪莱和济慈,他们的诗歌中无不沉淀出这样的有机性。这种有机论美学对形成和解释浪漫主义诗歌起着重要作用。这种有机论美学在诗歌创作方式上和诗歌内容上都与新古典主义机械论美学有着本质的区别。虽然柯勒律治的有机论美学是时代的产物,有一定的局限性,但是他的有机论美学对后来西方文艺理论的影响是举足轻重的。 关键字:有机论美学、机械论、自然、想象、真实

浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文英国

浪漫主义时期的诗歌和散文Poetry and Essays in the Romantic Age The literary movement called Romanticism represented a renewal of progressive thought and emotion (liberal, free and open-handed), which had existed before the 1700s and which had never totally died out. While Romanticism in the1800s signaled a new mood (a feeling or emotion held by a large number of people at a time 当时许多人的一种共同的情绪), the world had witnessed earlier cultural movements that also merit the name Romanticism. Specifically, the ancient Greek epics (古代希腊史诗)can be called Romantic, as can much literature of the Medieval Period and of the Renaissance, or Elizabethan Age. All these writings---and the writings of

the English Romantic Age under study here---emphasize human adventure, passion, delight, love of splendor, of extravagance, and of the supernatural. The Romantic tradition in all these periods can be viewed in contrast to another main literary tradition---Classicism or neoclassicism. The pendulum of literary taste seems to swing between the two traditions. Now let’s have a look and examine the following lists, which contrast elements, outlooks, and concerns associated with the neoclassicism of the 1700s and the Romanticism of the early 1800s. Keep in mind also that although earlier literary periods can indeed be seen as typically Romantic, the period discussed here (1798-1837) is considered the Romantic Age. Neoclassical Romantic

外国浪漫主义诗歌

外国浪漫主义诗歌 导语:外国的浪漫诗歌注重人的情感的自然表达,所用的语言真实朴素,没有华丽的辞藻,没有陈词滥调。下面是外国浪漫主义诗歌。欢迎阅读及参考! 篇一、外国浪漫主义诗歌在芸芸众生的人海里 你敢否与世隔绝 独善其身 任周围的人们闹腾 你却漠不关心 冷落 孤寂 像一朵花在荒凉的沙漠里 不愿向着微风吐馨 篇二、外国浪漫主义诗歌当夏日的白昼退尽,繁花似锦的平原 向四面八方飘洒着令人陶醉的香气; 耳边响起渐近渐远的喧声,闭上双眼, 依稀入睡,进入透明见底的梦境里。 繁星越发皎洁,一派娇美的夜色, 幽幽苍穹披上了朦朦胧胧的色彩; 柔和苍白的曙光期待着登台的时刻,

仿佛整夜都在遥远的天际里徘徊。篇三、外国浪漫主义诗歌一继铜色的天幕,是灰沉 的苍穹。夜迈出一步。 黑暗之物将生, 树林窃窃私语。 风,吹自九霄。 黄昏金毯闪烁 的水面,皱起,一道道 黑夜的幽波。 夜又进了一步。 刚才,万物在聆听。 此刻,已阒然无语, 一切在逃亡、藏匿、寂沉。 所有生命、存在和思想 焦急关注 冥冥寂静走向 阴暗大境的脚步。 此刻,在云霄, 在阴暗的广度, 万物明显感到 一个伟大神秘的人物。

二 陷入沉思, 边毁边创造的上帝, 面对出混乱走向 虚无的世界,会怎么想? 他是否在倾听我们的声音?和俯耳于天使,倾耳于恶魔?巡视我们昏睡 的梦境,他又想到什么? 几多太阳,崇高的幽灵, 闪亮的轨道上多少星体, 在深渊,有多少 他或不满意的天地! 汪洋无垠, 几多巨魔, 黑暗中,滚动 多少畸形的生灵。 液汁流淌的宇宙, 还值得注视? 他是否会砸烂这铸模, 抛弃一切,重新开始? 三

唯有祈祷是避难所! 在幽暗的时刻,我们看见所有创造 似黑魆魆的大殿。 当寒影浮荡, 当蓝天出眼中隐去, 来自天空的思想 只是缕缕恐惧。 啊!沉寂苍白之夜 在我们心间抖动某物!为何在虚中觅寻? 为何要跪地匍伏? 这神秘的纤维是什么?阴郁的恐慌, 为何麻雀失去自由? 雄狮再无法称王? 沉于黑暗的一个个问题:在布满哀愁的天空; 在灵魂沉落、双眼迷失闻所未闻的幽冥中, 到底发生了什么事情?致使人,被驱逐的精神,

浪漫主义诗歌

literature 主要讲了18-19 世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism)诗歌的代表人Wordsworth的诗。他是浪漫主义的鼻祖,但浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的,不是他们本身这样称呼自己的(此处出题)。Romanticism不是我们平时理解的romance,和男女之间的爱情无关。Romanticism 针对的是common people而不是少数educated people,用的是simple language,描述的是日常生活中常见的事物,孩子,人类情感,以及自然和人类之间的互动。教授以自己为例,说自己在散步时感受到了这种互动(此处出题)与romanticism针锋相对的一种风格是neoclassicism新古典主义,也是那位romanticism的鼻祖很反对的。neoclassicism使用太多的elaboration,如sky不叫sky,而叫blue什么的;bird不叫bird,而叫feathered person。教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。早期的浪漫主义作品,主要描述植物的(花与草)诗歌。中期时是对一些社会现象的评论。后期时对早期的作品进行修改。目前文学界还是认为它早期的作品是最好的。(教授还说,他的诗越写到后来越糟糕,反而早期的比较好,本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗)。 Wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative典型的of some of the most important principles原则in the romantic movement, but he is far more a member of any movement, through his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he belongs among the five or six greatest English poets. First, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. his feeling for nature has two aspects. he is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. a wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses. In the second place, Wordswoth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of democracy, though here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things. The obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of Wordswoth's chief temperamental defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. Regarding himself as the prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in his own point of view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize it dispassionately. 1、浪漫主义诗的特点。(双选)针对的是个人情感,与古典主义不同。 2、重听题,是对古典主义诗的描述,说他们把bird 说成fly people,大概是表现古典主义诗的特征。 3、教授对浪漫主义的态度? 4、说教授在自己散步的时候感受到互动的用意?说自己在散步时感受到了这种互动 5、重听题,大意是说教授认为作者第一阶段的早期作品比较好,但是在课上不对以后的作品作评价,暗示了什么?本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗。

英国浪漫主义诗人

英国浪漫主义诗人 浪漫主义文学的思想特点 (1)强调创作的绝对自由,反对古典主义的清规戒律,要求文学突破描绘现实的范围。 (2)从民主主义的立场,或者从迷恋旧制度的立场,抨击封建制度或资本主义的罪恶现象。浪漫派可分为带有资产阶级倾向和贵族倾向的两类作家。前者具有高昂的革命热情,揭露现实的黑暗和不合理现象,对未来社会充满美好的理想。后者以怀旧的态度去抨击资本主义。但是,这两类作家批判现实的武器都是人道主义,他们一般都同情下层人民的痛苦生活,并以此去构筑理想的社会图景。 (3)酷爱描写中世纪以往的历史,从司各特开始,到雨果、大仲马等浪漫派小说家,大多以历史题材为描写对象。 (4)偏重于描写自然风光,厌恶资本主义的文明和现实,标举卢梭“回归自然”的主张。华兹华斯认为,自然的珍宝探不到底,它既可怡情,又可益智。他们寄忧思于自然,用自然美来对照社会的丑。他们不仅歌咏本国自然之美,而且乐于描绘异国风光,强美洲的丛林和大草原,地中海沿岸各国,少数民族的生活风俗,哥特式的建筑,古代的废墟等等。 2.浪漫主义文学的艺术特点 (1)强调个人感情的自由抒发,有强烈的主观性。浪漫派作家认为古典主典主义宣扬的理性束缚了文艺,于是把抒发情感置于首要地位,对内心世界进行深入的挖掘。由此浪漫派发现了“自我”,成为对人和世界的新视野的源泉。 (2)浪漫派对各种艺术形式作了卓有成效的探索,其中最引人注目的是对民间文学的重视以及诗体长篇小说的创造。在德国和英国,浪漫主义就是从搜集民间文学开始的。浪漫派从民歌民谣、民间传说中撷取题材,学习表现手法,采用民间口语、民歌韵律创作,大大丰富了文学表现手法,在当时一味仿古或庸俗低劣的作品充斥文坛的情况下,无疑带来了清新、活泼、健康的新气象。拜伦首创的诗体长篇小说,是在诗剧的基础上发展起来的。它视野广阔,将欧洲各国的社会生活融于一炉。这种新形式扩大了诗歌反映现实的范围,对长篇小说的发展也起了推动作用。此外,浪漫派对语言的功能进行了深入的发掘,丰富了语言的表现力,为日后的巴那斯派和象征派开辟了道路。 (3)浪漫主义文学惯用对比和夸张,重视丑的美学价值,大力提倡想象。雨果是对比艺术的倡导者和艺术大师。他提出:“丑就在美的旁边,畸形靠近着优美,丑怪藏在崇高的背后,美与恶并存,光明与黑暗相共。”他把这种对照原则运于于小说、诗歌和戏剧创作中。浪漫派作家已经懂得丑在美学上的重要价值。丑角在小说中起着衬托主人公的重要作用。对丑的美学价值的认识给予后世文学以重大影响。浪漫派寻求强烈的艺术效果,追求异乎寻常的情节,描写异乎寻常的事件,刻画异乎寻常的性格,塑造出超凡、孤独的叛逆形象,大大

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档