听写部分答案

1. Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal mistakes are often more difficult to avoid than the verbal ones./ For example, the amount of appropriate eye contact varies according to the country. / In negotiation, the Japanese use discontinuous eye contact across the bargain table rather than staring directly. / South Africans also find an intense gaze unpleasant. / However, people in the Mediterranean regions, West Asia, and Latin America are expressive. / They believe that “the eyes are the windows of the soul”. / They want to look you in the eye to demonstrate interest in the discussion and / to show that they are honest and sincere. / If you use indirect eye contact, / you may be regarded as insincere, perhaps even dishonest. / Another important consideration is being sensitive of people’s personal space, / which varies according to the culture. / For instance, two US businessmen meeting for the first time will stand about an arm’s length apart, / while two Arab men may stand almost face-to-face.

2. Christmas Celebrations in the United States

Christmas season is the most festive time of the year in the United States. Many families go away for the holidays, perhaps to ski in Colorado or to swim and sunbathe in Florida. Those who stay at home have fun, too. There are numerous parties to celebrate the birth of Christ. In the US, the spirit of Christmas arrives about a month before the holiday itself. Late in November, street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. Snowmen, Santa Claus, shepherds, angels and Nativity

scenes appear in countless shop windows. Families decorate their homes, inside and out, with colored lights and evergreens. Many families go to church on Christmas Eve and Christmas morning. After services they gather around the Christmas tree and open their gifts. Then they sit down to enjoy a traditional Christmas dinne r—turkey, sweet potatoes, fruit cake, plum pudding and so on.

3. The United Nations

Shortly before the end of World War II, leaders of many nations decided to form an international organization. Then nations could discuss their disagreements in this organization instead of fighting over them. On April 25, 1945, some 200 representatives from many nations came to San Francisco, California, to make the rules that would govern this organization. After months of hard work, arguments and compromises, the United Nations was finally established. Its essential functions are to maintain international peace and security, to keep friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a center for coordinating the actions in attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the UN. Each member must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

4. The Three New Yorks

There are roughly three New Yorks. The first is the New York of the man or

woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. The second is the New York of the commuters—the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. The third is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came here in quest of something. Of these three cities the greatest is the last —the city of last destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York’s quick pace of living, its poetic behav ior, its dedication to art, and its incomparable achievements. These immigrants embrace New York with the intense excitement of first love, and absorb New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, and generate heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company.

5. British Pubs

Visiting a pub is one of Britain’s oldest forms of entertainment. Today, there are 61,000 pubs in the United Kingdom. They are often owned by English breweries and serve only their owner’s products. British pubs are required to have a license, and operate between 11 a.m. and 11 p.m. every day. But on Sunday they must close at 10:30 p.m. The drinking age in Britain is eighteen, but fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied if they order a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m., which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together, and allows pubs to continue in their

traditional roles as community centers. In British pubs, customers must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for their purchase there immediately. Bartenders are called “landlords”and “barmaids”and they do not expect frequent tipping. To tip a landlord or barmaid, it is customary to tell him to “buy himself one”.

6. The Traditional Frenchmen

The French are at heart traditionalists. Though they dearly love revolutions, they disapprove of shifts in behavior. There is an established order of things, and the order was established by the French. The desire to maintain standards is best seen on any holiday in the summer. Where the Spanish, the Italians, the British, and even the Germans, relax sufficiently to let a little stubble grow, or mealtimes become irregular, or dress to become odd and ill coordinated, the French behave as though they were still under the microscope of real life. French men and women take two hour over their morning toilette. Then wives cook three-course lunches which they serve to their husbands at little table with linen napkins and polished dishware. Everything is correct—the bread, the cheese, the sauce. Husbands eat greedily while wives stand behind them, nodding happily. They will do the washing-up immediately after the meal is finished. All will be neat and tidy before any other activity is even considered.

7. Dining Etiquette

If you want to appear adequate while dining out, you must pay due attention

to the following tips. First, proper dining etiquette requires you to eat at a moderate pace so that you have time to talk with others. A good measure of how fast you should eat is to count 10 seconds within each mouthful. It is bad if you gobble down your food and spend the rest of the time watching your companions eat. Second, don’t slurp your soup, snack your lips, or chew with your mouth open. Your napkin should be placed on your lap at all times. If you have to get up, place it neatly on your seat. Third, when eating, insert your fork straight into your mouth. Don’t place it in the side of your mouth as it increases the chances of food sliding away, which could be very embarrassing to you and disgusting to others.

8. Image and Color

One of the most important aspects of an image is color. People are usually very sensitive to color. Different colors have different effects on people. Red, an exciting color, creates an image of action, energy and danger. Red is also the most frequently used color in flags. Eighty percent if the world’s flags contain red. Blue is a very calm color, business executives usually wear dark blue suits. Blue also symbolizes peace. The flag of the United Nations is light blue. Yellow is associated with openness and freedom, while green is relaxing. Surgeons nowadays wear green, because it’s less tiring than white. Black creates an image of power and authority. It can also be very threatening, so gangsters often wear black. Brown is the opposite of black. It’s warm and friendly. White is pure and strong color. Doctors wear coats so that patients trust them more.

9. Time in Americans’ Eyes

Americans see time as a valuable resource, maybe that’s why they are fond of the expression, “Time I money.” Because Americans believe time is limited, they try to conserve and manage it. It seems they all want to organize their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners—some in electronic form—to keep track of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to squeeze more life out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best, “Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.” To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people’s time. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Similarly, when Americans plan an event, they often set the time, days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes an emergency to change it.

10. Places of Buttons

Have you noticed that men’s buttons are on the right side while women’s are on the left? Here are two explanations for this buttoning style. One possibility is that the varying button tradition derives distantly from the ancient symbolism of right and left, which takes the right side as male and the left side as female. The etiquette which insists that a man walk on the right side of a woman, and a groom stand by the right side of his bride may reflect this logic. The other reasonable explanation says that garments started out with right hand buttons, for most people are right-handed. Wealthy women, however, always had their

maids to help them with their dressing, and the maid usually faced her mistress when buttoning. Since once wealthy people could have afforded buttons at the beginning, dressmakers would have placed the buttons of women’s dresses on the left side for the convenience of their maids.

11. Tokyo Subway

In terms of punctuality, safety and price, the Tokyo subway is perhaps the world’s model urban railway. The Japanese capital is served by 12 underground rail network. As is the case throughout Japan above or below ground, Tokyo’s trains run punctually. Trains do not just arrive on time; they stop right on a platform mark so that passengers can line up knowing exactly where the doors will open. Train driving is a respected job for life. Applicants must pass a strict screening of healthy checks, interviews and written exams before they can wear the uniform, cap and white gloves. Passengers get excellent value for their money, with a tide in the central area costing just 160 yen, i.e., 1.2 US dollars. The trains and stations are not dirty and there is very little crime beyond the late night conflict between drunkards.

12. Euthanasia

It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken, after six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurable ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult

patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to severe suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling-off”period of seen days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. In Australia, where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part, other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

13. Slowdown of the Internet

We all know the Internet doesn’t run fast enough. What we often don’t know is why. Did you know that there are only 13 “root name servers” in the world, serving all 150 million people using the Internet? A root server is a computer that holds the routing information for the Internet’s naming system. It’s like an electronic directory and allows your computer to connect with the computer hosting. Each request for a Web page generates at least two transactions well before any real content is communicated—one from the customer to find the name server, and one from the server to confirm the information to the customer. All that back and forth generates huge data traffic, so there’s some of your slowdown. This also has a lot to do with capacity. If you and the computer hosting the page you want to reach are both near a small pipe, signals will travel between you very slowly; even if you are close to each other.

14 How to Use Time Effectively

Far too many students in school today cannot manage their time adequately.

Since time management for students is a key component of effective study skills, a lot of students could learn more and make better grades if they managed time better. Below are some important fundamentals of using time wisely. First, you have to set objectives and priorities. If you have a hard time prioritizing, put the objectives in pairs and pick the more important one. Second, you should think through a job before you begin. Try to get it right the first time and avoid redoing a poorly performed task. Of course, you should focus on the tasks and activities at hand and limit as many distractions as possible. This calls for the right location and materials. Yes, there never seems to be enough time to do everything we need to do., much less than all that we want to do. But good time management is a critical study skill students need to succeed in school.

15. How Did Hot Dog Get Its Name?

This is a story about how the hot dog got its name. About one hundred years ago, people cooked and sold sausages on the streets of most American cities. In those days you could hear salesmen on city streets crying, “Hot! Hot!” to get people to buy the hot sausages. Thus, a sausage became known as a “hot”. Soon the sausage salesmen began selling imported German sausages called frankfurter. They were called that because the man who began importing them was from Frankfurt, Germany. At about the time frankfurters were first imported, the expression “doggy” became popular. Doggy was a shorter form of a popular expression, “to put on the dog.”It meant fancy, costly, in the best style. The frankfurter seemed fancy because it was imported and cost more than the old

“hot” or sausage. Soon, these “doggy hots” were called “hot dogs”.

16. Signs of Grown Up

Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded by the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1,398 people over age 18 in 2002. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: Age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially, 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood.

17. The Ancient City of London

London is an ancient city whose history greets you at every turn. To gain a sense of its continuity, stand on Waterloo Bridge at the hour of sunset. To the east, the great globe of St. Paul’s Cathedral glows golden in the fading sunlight as it has since the 17th century. To the west stands Westminster, home to the “Mother of Parliaments”, which has met here since the 1250s. Past them both snakes the swift, dark Thames, as it flowed past the first Roman settlement here

nearly 2,000 years ago. Then, of course, there is that greatest living link with the past—the Royal Family. Every visitor enjoys the splendor of the Windsors, one of the greatest free shows in the world. Line up for the Changing of the Guard and step into the Royal Mews for a liik at the Coronation Coach. Celebration reaches its top in mid-June when the queen celebrates her official birthday with

a parade.

18. The Origin of Names

Most of us have at least two names, a last name and a first name. Last names are called surnames or family names. First names are called given names. Given names were chosen by our parents. They may have selected the name of someone they loved or read about. Or they may have liked the way the name sounded or what it meant. People did not always have surnames. They began to use them for various reasons. Perhaps they wanted others to know where they lived. A family might have taken the surname Hill because they lived on a hill. Some people took their surnames from their father’s given name. Jack’s son might be called Jackson while Ivar’s daughter might be called Ivarsdatter. Some family names came from occupations. Smith is short for “blacksmith”and a wood cutter might take the name Wood. It is not always easy to tell what a surname means. Ask older members of our family, or check the library for it.

19. The Cockney

All London’s citizens who were born and bred in the city may call themselves Cockneys. However, the term is generally reserved for the Londoner

with a “Cockney accent”. The Cockney accent is not a particularly melodious one. The principal characteristics of it consist in general slurring of consonants and a distortion of vowel sounds. The Cockney’s distortion of the English language is such that the foreigner often finds it impossible to understand the speaker until his ear has become accustomed to the peculiar tones. But if Cockney speech is unpleasant, the Cockney himself is usually far from being so. The average Cockney is distinguished by his quick wit, his ready sense of humor, his ability to “carry on” under unusual or difficult conditions and by his willingness to be of help if he can. The Cockney’s humor is often satirical but it is never vicious. He is very ready to laugh at other people’s peculiarities, but he is equally ready to laugh at his own.

20. Motherly Love and Fatherly Love

Motherly love by its very nature is unconditional. Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific condition, or lived up to any specific expectation of her. Unconditional love corresponds to one of the deepest longings not only of the child, but of every human being. The relationship to father is quite different. Mother is the home we come from. She is nature, soil, the ocean. Father does not represent any such natural home. But he represents the other pole of human existence; the world of thought, of law and order, of discipline, of travel and adventure. Fatherly love is conditional. Its principle is “I love you because you fulfill my expectations, because you do your duty, because you are like me.” Both motherly love and

fatherly love have a negative and a positive aspect. We all cling to the longing for motherly love and work hard to acquire fatherly love.

英语听力提高有效训练方法总结

英语听力提高有效训练方法总结 1.跟读的方法：这是遵循模仿的原则来使用的方法，也是语 言学习过程中最有效的方法之一。跟读的方法有两种，一句一句 的跟读，直到整篇文章读完；另一种是跟着原声将整段或者整篇文章 跟读下来。后一种方式，对整体文章的把握具有很好的效果。建议采用。跟读的方法在前期过程中要反复使用。有些发音优美的文章值得 反复跟读多遍，直到能够背诵为佳。 2.大声朗读的方法：大 声朗读是跟读方法的延续。是在你认为跟读得比较像得情况下，实行 大声的朗读。朗读当然就要出声，出声就会对耳朵和大脑有刺激，有 刺激就会引起生理的变化，朗读到一定时候，你会发现你的舌头不再 僵硬了。这对日后的口语表达奠定了良好的发声基础。大声朗读有几 个要素能够辅助使用，以提升朗读的效率。一是激情朗读法。这个意 思当然非常明显，语音语调、抑扬顿挫、全情投入，发挥全身的参与，不但朗读感觉很好，而且效果非常明显；二是捂住耳朵朗读。这不是 为了排除外界的噪音，而是通过捂着耳朵朗读，增强对耳朵、大脑的 刺激，获得更佳的记忆效果。朗读的间接成果，可能会导致背诵。而 背诵也是语言学习的良好的手段之一。 3.听写的方法：这个 方法是从小孩学语文的过程中学来的。小学生经常要回家让家长给他 听写生词甚至句子。这种通过手（写）、耳（听）的方法，对巩固所 学的内容，非常见效。我们国内钟道隆教授的逆向英语提倡的就是英 语听写练习。 4.使用英英词典的方法：在听的过程中碰到生 词时，使用英英词典实行查询。使用英英词典越早越好。这不但因为 英英词典给你的词条解释是最清晰的（翻译过的词条解释往往会引起 词义上的误解），还因为通过查询英英词典，能够使你对英语的把握 和感觉更加直接，不需要更多的中英转换。比如，英语里的insist和persist两个词。在英汉词典里查都是“坚持”的意思，用汉语翻译根本看不出这两个词的区别。而这种区别如果你查询或者使用英英词典 的话，一开始就会明白。请看在Longman Web Dictionary 中对 insist的解释是：to say firmly and repeatedly that something

复合式听写技巧

一、给分标准 1. 36-43每题0.5分。拼写完全正确的单词给0.5分，凡有错不给分，大小写错误忽略不计; 2. 44-46题满分为2分，答出内容且语言正确各得1分; 二、扣分标准 1. 44-46题中有语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分，凡不得分部分，如有语言错误不再重复扣分; 2. 44-46题中凡与问题无关的内容扣0.5分。 3. 44-46题中如出现明显属于笔误造成的大小写、标点符号错误，不扣分。 4. 用汉语回答问题不给分。 复合式听写是一种非常有效的综合性测试形式，可以考查学生词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、记笔记和一定的书面表达等多方面的要素和技能。全面打好语言基本功是提高听写能力的重要途径，但听写训练具有自身的科学性和技巧性，多练加巧练则可取得事半功倍的成效。 从以往历年的考题来看，总体说来，以前的文章多取材围绕日常生活、科技发展、历史起源、人物回顾、文化娱乐等。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句，之后的段落和句子进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。考生应利用一切机会，如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间，浏览试卷该项下文字部分，尤其是主题句，根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。 复合式听写包括两部分：第一部分要求考生根据录音内容准确填出空格里的词汇，一般为一个单词，全段共填8个单词；第二部分要求考生听完后写出该部分的文章重点。复合式听写的全文内容约250字，共朗读三遍。第一遍为全文朗读，语速正常，中间无停顿；第二遍朗读时在所填句子后停顿一段时间，让考生根据所听内容写出主要意思；第三遍又以正常语速朗读全文，没有停顿。有一点需要提醒大家的是，录音中有明确对考生的提示：“you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words'’，也就是说你可以在听懂句意后进行归纳，并用自己的话简练地将要点表达出来。 复合式听写的考察要点 第一，对于较难单词拼写的考察 一些长度较长，属于大学四级范畴但又不包含在高中词汇的词往往是四级考试词汇部分的重点考察对象，例如“investigated”、“recommend”等。 第二，名词的单复数问题一直是复合式听写考察的一个重点 不仅考察听力，也考察考生的语法功底，语法功底薄弱的考生往往在检查时将这一点忽略，造成了会做的题也失分的局面。好在这样的问题如果多加注意也是可以解决的。毕竟给名词变复数这类简单的转换还不至于难倒我们。但是对于一种类型的词我们一定要多加注意，就是一些有时候可数有时候不可数的单词，比如曾在四级中考过experience一词，当它表示“经历”时为可数名词，而表示“经验”时却是不可数名词，当时该题就考察了“life experiences”生活经历的意思。

英语专业四级TEM4听力听写原文1993—2013

英语专业四级考试1993年——203年听写原文 1993 Package Holidays Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before． (1994) The American Family The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse co mbinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. (1995) Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.

教你如何练习英语听写

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复合式听写

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