老托福阅读精讲

2000年10月第二篇

题目解析：

11. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A)Methods of baking bread

(B)Fireplace cooking

(C)The use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen

(D)The types of wood used in preparing meals

解析：文章首句In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace指出在十七世纪的北美殖民地，所有日常烹饪都是用壁炉完成的。

12. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate

(A)how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces

(B)that they served diverse functions

(C)that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces

(D)how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces

解析：文章3-4行Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into.说东北部的壁炉有4、5英尺高，在南部，壁炉高的都可以让一个人走进去。由此可见，此处为了和东北部的壁炉进行比较。

13. The word "scorched" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A)burned

(B)cut

(C)enlarged

(D)bent

解析：scorch表示烧焦，枯萎。burn, 烧，烧焦。cut, 切，剪。enlarge, 扩大，放大。bend, 弯曲。

14. The word "it" in line 6 refers to

(A)the stonework

(B)the fireplace opening

(C)the mantel tree

(D)the rising column of heat

解析：文章4-7行说A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.从此句判定it指代timber，而timber又叫做mantel tree.

15. According to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?

(A)By placing the pot directly into the fire

(B)By putting the pot in the oven

(C)By filling the pot with hot water

(D)By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire

解析：On these ledges rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking.指出把锅挂在柱子末端就可烹饪食物了。

16. The word "obtain" in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A)maintain

(B)reinforce

(C)manufacture

(D)acquire

解析：obtain, 获得，得到。acquire, 获得，学得。maintain, 维持，继续。reinforce, 加强，补充。manufacture, 制造，加工。

17. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug

pole?

(A)It was made of wood not readily available.

(B)It was difficult to move or rotate.

(C)It occasionally broke.

(D)It became too hot to touch.

解析：文中12行指出Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire.有些时候木杆断了，食物就调到火里了。

18. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, "oven wood"

produced

(A)less smoke

(B)more heat

(C)fewer embers

(D)lower flames

解析：文章18-20行On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot.指出

在烘焙的日子里，炉子里由棕褐色的枫木棍组成的烤炉木块烧起熊熊烈火直至炉壁特别烫为止。

19. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:

(A)It was used to heat the kitchen every day.

(B)It was built as part of the main fireplace.

(C)The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.

(D)It was heated with maple sticks.

解析：文中15行Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven.符合选项B；文章15-16行It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. 符合选项C；文章18-19行On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks符合选项D。

20. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a "bake kettle"?

(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.

(B)It did not need to be tightly closed.

(C)It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.

(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.

解析：文章22-24行指出Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace.句中的Not all和Also used与选项中的instead of可以同义替换；句中placed in与选项中的in addition to进行同义替换。

文章翻译：

在十七世纪北美洲殖民地,日常的烹饪是在壁炉中完成的。一般地，壁炉可以煮饭和可以取暖。东北地区的壁炉通常有四到五英尺搞，在南方，壁炉足有一人之高。壁炉楣是一个重的原木做成的，作用是支持壁炉上面砌石。这个原木偶而会被烧焦，但是它距离上升的热流很远，不会着火。

两个壁架彼此相对地安装在该壁炉的烟囱里面。在这两个壁架上架着的是烹饪时悬挂罐子的支撑杆。新近砍伐的树可以做成耳状杆，所以它耐热。但是由于木杆会干透并且烧焦，并且很弱，所以它必须被经常替换。有时该杆子会断裂，正餐也就掉入火中。后来，铁普及了，就代替木材去做耳状杆子，于是壁炉中就有了用于挂壶用的枢轴金属棒。

烘箱修建在壁炉的旁边，是壁炉的一部分。它的作用是一个小的、辅助的壁炉，同时它也有一个烟道连接到主烟囱中排出烟气。有时烘箱的门朝外，对着房间；但是大多数烘箱是面向壁炉的。在进行烘焙的那些天里（通常一周1、2次），由褐色枫树木棒组成的烤炉木块燃起熊熊烈火直到烤炉壁变得非常热为止。之后移除烘箱下面的余烬，把发酵面包面团插入到烘箱中，烘箱被蜡封关闭直到面包完全烤好。

然而不是所有烘烤都是在大烘箱中进行的。有时候也会用铁制的烘烤釜进行烧烤，这个工具看上去像是有一个铁盖的有脚炖锅。把它处于壁炉中，并且由发热的木材余烬围绕着，同时在盖上很多余烬时它的效率更高。

文章生词：

Paragraph 1

colonial adj.殖民的, 殖民地的 n.殖民地居民

day-to-day adj.日常的, 逐日的

fireplace n.壁炉

generally adv.一般, 通常, 一般地

plan for 为...作计划, 打算

as well as adv.也, 又

timber n.木材, 木料

mantel n.壁炉架

lintel n.[建]楣, 过梁

stonework n.石雕工艺；石制品：石制品；石造建筑column n.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队

catch fire 着火

Paragraph 2

ledge n.壁架, 架状突出物, 暗礁, 矿层across from adv.在...对面

chimney n.烟囱, 灯罩

rest vt.使休息, 使静止, 睡眠, 依靠, 搁在

vi.休息, 睡眠, 静止, 依靠, 搁在, 保持(状态) n.休息, 静止, 支持物, 台, 架

lug n.柄：一个柄或凸出物，作为把手或抓的东西；曳拉v.拖拉

pole n.棒, 柱, 杆, 竿, 极, 磁极, 电极vt.用竿支撑, 用棒推

vi.撑篙

suspend vt.吊, 悬挂v.延缓

freshly cut 新伐

resist vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住

char v.烧焦

pivoting n.绕轴旋转, 绕公共法线旋转metal n.金属

rod n.杆, 棒

pot n.罐, 壶

v.罐装

Paragraph 3

oven n.烤箱, 烤炉, 灶

secondary adj.次要的, 二级的, 中级的, 第二的flue n.烟洞, 烟道, 暖气管, 蓬松的东西, 渔网

opening n.开, 开放, 开始, 口子, 穴, 通路, 空缺, 机会adj.开始的, 开幕的

baking adj.烘烤的, 灼热的n.烘焙, 一次烘焙的量

roaring adj.咆哮的, 轰鸣的, 喧闹的n.咆哮, 呼喊, 怒吼

maple n.[植]枫, 枫木, 淡棕色

stick n.棍, 棒, 手杖v.粘住, 粘贴vt.刺, 戳

maintain vt.维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张

ember n.灰烬, 余烬

dough n.生面团, <美俚> 钱, 金钱

seal vt.封, 密封

n.封铅, 封条, 印, 图章, 密封;海豹Paragraph 4

kettle n.壶, 罐, 釜, 鼓

stewpot n.双把炖锅

glowing adj.炽热的, 容光焕发的, 生气勃勃的pile on 使堆积在…

lid n.盖子, <美口>限制, 眼睑vt.给...盖盖子

更多刀客系列文章，请看这里

【刀客系列】DELTA阅读每日精讲(一)---Quiz10第2篇、Test1第1篇

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-8985-1-1.html

【刀客系列】DELTA阅读每日精讲（二）---Quiz10第1篇

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-9643-1-1.html

【刀客系列】DELTA阅读每日精讲(三)---Test 1 第 2 篇 Cloud formation https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-9899-1-1.html

【刀客系列】DELTA阅读每日精讲(四)---test1第3 篇The Atlantic Cod Fishery https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-9946-1-3.html

【刀客系列】DELTA阅读每日精讲（五）----Test 2 第一篇

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-10371-1-3.html

【刀客系列】DELTA阅读每日精讲（六）---Test2第2篇

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-10710-1-3.html 【刀客系列】阅读语法系列--名词从句

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-9641-1-1.html

【刀客系列】长难句分析（4月25日更新1--16句小结）

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-9848-1-3.html

更多小马过河独家资源，请看这里

【小马独家Discovery 】天文星象系列

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/bbs/thread-14556-1-1.html 【小马独家Discovery 】地球科学系列

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/bbs/thread-8339-1-1.html 【小马独家】全国各地`新托福考场`信息（电子版）

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-13147-1-1.html 【小马独家】2005--2007机经汇总--编年版及分类版

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/thread-8783-1-1.html

https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html, 新托福专业备考社区

托福阅读技巧集合2(Reading skill)

托福96年10月－97年8月阅读文章词汇选择及参阅 一、听力场景 （一）娱乐场景 1音乐会 －永远好听 －喜欢classical music, 不喜欢Rock&Roll －去不了因为要学习 －提前买票 2剧院演出 －有票没票 －座位是否调换 ＊在卖on sale；卖完了be sold out ＊正前方的位置orchestra section；楼座balcony 3美术馆 －喜欢去且最好是modern art ＊油画oils；版画prints；水彩画water color；壁画fresco；素描sketch；肖像画portrait；山水画 landscape 4电影 －不好看，不值money ＊It was hardly worth the wait price of admission 5买东西 －买什么:invest in, stock up on, 以旧换新trade it in,分期付款pay by installment, 头期款 down payment,卖东西cash in on sth. －买没买（注意虚拟语气）,退货refund，预付in advance/deposit －喜欢便宜货: on sale; good bargain/deal/price/buy; discount; %off ＊东西巨贵cost you an arm and a leg, cost sb dearly, dear sth, make a fortune,cost a bundle

＊价钱公道fair, reasonable, affordable, acceptable. 6养花种草 －花草长势 －阳光水份: sunlight; water regularly －摆哪儿合适：窗前sunlight；角落里shade 7照相 －效果:模糊blurry －用光，胶卷:闪光灯flash, 焦距focus, out of focus, adjust the focus, 照相shot, a roll of film, 冲卷develop, 放大enlarge 8邮局 －不满意：It took forever to arrive. 9外出吃饭(go out for lunch, dine out) －上哪儿吃：一角dime, 五分nickel, 1分penny, 分cent －爱尝鲜appetizer开胃物，打包酒菜carryout,腌制souse, －喜欢安静：prefer a quiet place －谁请客：我请客This is my treat; Let me treat you; Let me pick up the bill. Foot the bill AA制：go fifty fifty, Let's spit the check, two bills －点错菜：order，菜单recipe *侍者常用语：①Bring the menu-are you ready to order now? ②take your order-I'll be with you in a moment③recommend sth-specialty特色④serve food- I'll take care of it. I'll see to it. 10贪吃场景 －吃完：eat up, clean out, empty, go out. －谁打扫:残羹冷炙leftover *饭量小eat like a bird, 饭量大eat like a horse, 酒量大drink like a fish, 能睡sleep like a log, 能抽烟smoke like a chimney 11吃

2001年1月老托福阅读解析第二篇

2001年1月第二篇 Questions 10-17 at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor 5) an assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind” from the customer’s field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables 10) from wood cut in the customer’s own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches from cow, deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm. Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an orchestra conducted by nature.” Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were 15) only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans could afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials. While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, 20) carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, and applying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality— and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ as many shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.

老托福阅读真题 (11)

2002年8月TOEFL试题 Section Three: Reading Comprehension Question 1-9 Often enough the craft worker’s place of employment in ancient Greece was set in rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement, At Corinth and Athens, however, two of the best-known potters’ quarters were situated on the cities’ outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot. Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.；its distinctive color and luster were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln’s temperat ure during an extended three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters who initiated changes in firing is unclear; the functions of making and decorating were usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized the they did not share in the concerns of the other. The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storage Jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes, some sixth-and fifth-century B.C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for other products such as roof tiles, which were needed in some quantity, they were used to facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means- as numerous featureless statuettes and unattractive cases testify. 1. The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its (A) production techniques (B) similarity to other crafts (C) unusual materials (D) resemblance to earlier pottery 2. The phrase “regardless of” in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) as a result of (B) no matter what (C) proud of (D) according to 3. It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece were situated (A) in city centers (B) on the outskirts of cities (C) where clay could be found (D) near other potters’ workshops 4. The word “marked” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

寒假社会实践报告100篇

寒假社会实践报告100篇 高一寒假社会实践报告 寒假时间比较短，然而，对时间的合理安排和对自身的合理调整，却足以让我认识到;寒假除了和亲友团聚，还有更为丰富多彩的内容。寒假时间是三十五天，在亲友的帮助下，我来到许昌鑫鑫装饰有限公司，进行了为期两个星期的社会实践活动。 寒假社会实践报告格式 一、实践报告应由8个部分组成，撰写要求与排列顺序为1、封面：中文、可根据具体情况设置。2、标题：要求准确、凝练，能总括全文内容，字数一般不超过25字，若语义未尽，可另起一行设置副标题。 餐店服务员寒假实践报告范文 实践过程：首先是找工作。由于社会上有有人利用学生求职心切的心理发布虚假广告骗人骗钱的传言，开始时我选择了一家正规的中介中心注册，这样就可以免去受骗的后顾之忧。 大学生家教寒假社会实践报告 在寒假即将来临之际，我们接到了在寒假完成大学生实践报告这个任务。因为大学的寒假是比较长的，而我在之前就曾经决定要

利用寒假去打工了。现在这样不仅实现了我的假期打工愿望，还能完成了学校布置给我们的实践报告。 大学生寒假销售员社会实践总结报告 实践单位：佳和超市实践时间：2019年01月09日2019年02月09日共32天出于对实践出真知，适应社会需要理念的认知，我在家乡的佳和超市二楼商场部做了一个小小的销售员。 寒假社会实践报告3000字范文 就在今年的寒假里，我体验到了我人生中的第一次打工经历，有苦有乐，但更多的是通过这次经历我得到了很多收获这绝对是一次很有意义的活动。小草用绿色证明自己，鸟儿用歌声证明自己，我们要用行动证明自己。 寒假实践报告心得 年关将尽，红红火火的鞭炮声迎来了年，也带来了春。短短一个月的寒假同样因为我们团队的社会实践而丰富多彩。作为当代大学生，大家都过着已温饱甚至富足的生活，初入大学，经过一个学期大学生活，大家似乎都意识到大学是放羊式教育。 【精选】寒假实践报告范文 寒假是我们充实自我、增加阅历、了解社会的重要阶段。作为社

托福阅读解题技巧

TOEFL iBT阅读技巧—关键词法解题 关键词在阅读理解中的重要作用： key words—结构（structure） —推断（inference） 1.key words—结构（structure） 针对题型：大意概括题 解题步骤：1.找结构关键词（but, and, as ,while, so, to……）; 2.分析句子结构; (并列，递进，从属，因果……) 3.结合文本大意选出正确选项。 例1 TPO34 Islamic Art and the Book Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt – and eventually to Sicily and Spain – but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A) It was several centuries before papermaking techniques spread to faraway areas where parchment was popular and used widely in art. B) Although papermaking came to Egypt quickly, it took much longer for paper to be used when copying the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art. C) Papermaking spread beyond Egypt, Sicily, and Spain, but it was not widely used by artists for centuries, probably because of the conservative nature of art in those countries. D) Paper replaced parchment in copies of the Koran, probably at the request of conservative practitioners in areas like Egypt, Sicily, and Spain. [解析] 关键词：but, because of. But 连接的是两个句子的转折，而because of 是

老托福阅读真题及答案解析

老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to

托福阅读解题技巧-句子插入题(一)

托福阅读解题技巧-句子插入题（一） 托福阅读不同于传统阅读，其中包含了”句子插入题”这类特殊题型，这也是托福阅读中相对难得分的题型。此类题型中，题干中会给出一个新的句子，然后会在原文段落中给出四个黑框，考察新句子在文章中最合适的位置。针对于此类题型的解答，有很多实用的方法，今天我们要介绍的是在剩余时间不多的情况下，最简单最便捷的解决方法-语义指代匹配法。 在上下句的关联中，代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简单化原理，作者会用代词指代上文内容，常见指示代词this, that, these, those, 人称代词they, she, he, 或it ，还有their, such, another等。对于此类题型的具体解题步骤如下： ①确认指代对象：根据指代词找到其所指代的对象； ②定位指代对象：通过浏览扫描段落信息，确定指代对象位置； ③代入验证：把插入句代入含有指代对象所在句的后面进行验证即可。 接下来，我们通过具体实例来论证使用语义指代匹配法。 案例： Paragraph 1: Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. 11. Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.

托福阅读提分的5大技巧

托福阅读提分的5大技巧 大家在备考的时候要多根据托福阅读题型进行总结，多做托福阅读真题。这样在考试中就 能够根据以往的经验进行答题，既能提高速度又能提高效率。下面为大家整理了托福阅读 提分的5大技巧。 1.文章主旨的把握 首先，托福的每一篇文章都附加了标题，可以通过对文章标题格式，内容，可能应用的文 章书写格式三个方面对文章整体进行把握。 其次，每篇文章的长度由原来的300-400增长到了现有的700字左右，且段落由原有的2- 4段增长到现有的5-10段，那么对于文章主旨的把握能力就显得无比重要。而要做到在短短的3-4分钟以内完成这件事情，就要求我们对段落结构，段落大意，以及段间结构即文 章大纲的把握做到精准的程度。 2.泛读能力 所谓托福阅读泛读能力是指得在短时间以内对一篇文章内容迅速把握。在对文章段落主旨 句的阅读中，我们需要读的内容约有8-15句话左右，在3-4分钟以内完成对这些句子的 阅读并总结文章大纲，就要求我们对于托福句子式结构熟识于心。而托福阅读中，句子长，成份杂一直以来都是大家在阅读上遇到的最大障碍之一。解决这个问题的方法，可以采用 泛读技巧中的主句阅读方式，即对读到的每个句子进行结构分析，找出主句，再补充其它 成份的细节内容。 当我们对段内句子的主要意思，讲述对象，及讲述方向有所了解之后，后期解题过程中使 用到的答案定位(或关键词定位)便可以达到快，准，稳的效果。 把握住了文章主旨就得到了文章的写作方向与目的，辅以段落间的关系，会使得解题过程 轻松无比。 3.段落结构 文章写作过程中，为了清楚的表达中心思想，会采用不同的段落结构，而结构的选取与文 章类型及内容无关，仅是选取一种最为清晰的表达方式。段落内部结构从大体上来讲可以 分为总---分---(总)的分点并列结构，或者总---分的观点递进阐述结构。相对来讲前者 更赋逻辑性，而后者因其逻辑性较差而导致在阅读过程中难度系数相对较大。当大家对段 落内部结构的分析日渐成熟的时候，便可以对段落主旨大意总结的驾驭做到轻车熟路，进 而节约阅读时间。 4.句子结构

老托福2000年5月阅读解析第五篇

2000年5月第五篇 Questions 41-50 According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, Line such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to (25) suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote (30) distant respect.

托福小白快速入门手册

如何从托福小白到大白(●—●) 托福分手大师 二零一五年叁月

大师想说话： 最近《超能陆战队》了，然后“暖男”大白也了，大师也希望你能找到专属于你的大白，陪伴你走过艰辛的托福备考路程。一路有你，一路有大师。^_^ 这篇文章是大师花时间写的，所以，也希望你能认真看完，你肯定会有收获的。 针对的对象是：对托福考试零认知，或者刚刚开始背单词，又或者你被论坛五花八门的资料贴搞得头大，被培训机构天花乱坠的保分广告砸晕。 大师想说的话都在这里了，很多内容可能毁你三观，但是希望你能客观地去思考，当然，大师说的你也可以不同意，只要你能说出理由，欢迎跟大师讨论！ 入门篇： “单词背什么，怎么背” 首先声明，积累单词最有效的方法一定是通过长期的阅读积累，但为了短期的考试需求，我们不得不退而求其次，选择短期突击的方法。出于应试目的的背单词应该是高频率重复，单次消耗时间短，重复次数多，利用碎片时间背。 单词书选择： 大师推荐： 如果你喜欢纸质书：李笑来《新托福iBT词汇21天突破》+王玉梅《TOEFL 词汇》（两本都需用，单本词汇量太少）。 如果你能习惯电子版或者网页、app背单词：朗播词汇（网页＋APP），全部词汇来自真题。 免费下载pdf：https://www.docsj.com/doc/717124515.html,/Information/Download/Files/3；（你也可以自己转成word版打印） 你看到这，可能会有两个疑问： 1.大师为啥推荐朗播词汇？ 大师明确告诉你，词汇书没有一本权威的，只是一定要弄清词源，单词书应该选择选词准确的，来源于考试真题是唯一选词标准。市面上大多数词汇书都是作者yy出来的，红宝书也不例外。 2.朗播词汇跟乐词、扇贝、百词斩有啥优势？

托福阅读题型十大技巧锦囊(精美图文版)

托福阅读题型十大技巧锦囊 “得阅读者，得天下。”托福阅读向来是考生提分必争之地，也是中国考生的传统强项。基本考生考前会采取题海战术，将自己武装成十万个我都知道。 于是，你背完了英文化学周期表；你了解了九大行星排列；你知道了最前沿的科技发展和美国经济新政；你是颗移动的the big bang 云硬盘。你只祈祷考前记住所有的这些信息量，考后再统统delete 。 如果考到一个你事先复习过的知识点，你欣喜若狂。 如果考到一个你似曾相识却扫视而过，你追悔莫及。 如果考到一个全新的知识点，恭喜你，你顿时挂机。 事实上，托福阅读的单词量是浩瀚星尘，无论你猜或不猜它都在哪里，不离不弃。所以，TPO 小站为冒星星眼的考生们编织了以下十个托福阅读答题锦囊，当你埋首题海两眼泪茫茫时，不妨看过来。 Reading Skills Top 10 1 Factual Information 2 Vocabulary 3 Negative Factual Information 4 Inference 5 Organization 6 Paraphrasing 7 Purpose 8 Insertion 9 Main Idea 10 Categorizing

十大技巧锦囊? 之一 小单词，大线索 Factual information【事实信息题】 “真相，永远只有一个！”20分钟一篇托福阅读，平均到800字篇幅的文章中去，再排除那些判断全文的主旨题，这是火眼晶晶的节奏啊。 所以事实信息题不是考你细工出慢活的时候，而是靠你抓Key words paraphrasing and location（关键词替换定位）。 如何最有效的锁定答案，这里小站针对事实信息题给出的第一条锦囊——小单词，大线索。 多年来，被应试题海战术训练的极其有素的考生们，早就学会了巧妙抓关键词了，但往往是我认识这个单词，但我还是选错了。就像你参加一个世界咖啡评选比赛，你觉得认为是白咖啡或巴西咖啡吧，但你未必知道土耳其咖啡才是咖啡之王。分析事实信息题的特点是：范围小，正确率极高。 题型表现最多形式是：因果关系和表比较级关系的长难句。 表因果关系的词： Cause：frontality/since/in that/on account of Effect：so that/therefore/as a result/consequently 表比较级的词： unlike…from /prior to/ more than 所以，在获取key words之后，我们要做的才是重点。你有看过柯南在发现一丝线索后就停止推理吗？不，所谓的大线索，就是将关键词放回原句，让案件重现，理顺关键句的因果关系，让正确选项浮出水面。 纸上谈兵终不靠谱，绝知此事要做真题！ 小伙伴们快来小站托福板块，阅读区实践吧。

托福阅读总是做错的2个常见易错原因分析

托福阅读总是做错的2个常见易错原 因分析 托福阅读总是做错?2个常见易错原因分析。今天给大家带来了托福阅读总是做错的2个常见易错原因分析,希望可以帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福阅读总是做错?2个常见易错原因分析 托福阅读易错原因：没有认真背单词 单词量不足除了影响对全文理解外，还直接影响托福阅读里面的很多词汇题的解答。所以，托福一定要背单词，单词真的是王道。而且，考生考托福是为了什么?不就是为了出国吗?从这个根本目标出发，单词的积累也是重要的。 或许有人会问，看哪本托福词汇书? 实际上，市面上常见的任何一本单词书拿来应对考试都不会有什么问题。关键在于是否能持之以恒，坚持长时间不间断的记忆词汇。有人或许会问，专业词汇到底看不看，看的话当然最好，不看只要不影响理解*并解答题目也不是不行。当然如果考生时间比较紧张的话，专业术语词汇还是建议混个脸熟就足够了。 托福阅读易错原因：不熟悉*长度与句子架构

托福阅读中的长难句非常讨厌，也是干扰考生理解*的罪魁祸首之一。其实要想适应托福阅读考试中的长难句，就是多进行句子分析，或者多看阅读*。这里必须要强烈推荐托福官方真题，原因是考生对付阅读需要把ETS出题的角度和考题给出的正确选项都研究透了，才能保证练习的质量，而研究官方真题也是真正可以提高我们阅读能力的途径。 如果某一道题你做错了，那么请你对完答案之后，多花两分钟的时间来思考你的选项和给出的正确选项之间有什么差别?是语气不对?还是我们没有从那一段的整体把握的角度来做出正确的判断?亦或是其它什么原因?哪句话是解题的核心?我们通过这句话能获得或者说提炼什么有效的信息? 托福考试之阅读备考方法介绍 1. 托福考前几条建议 有时间和条件的话，建议考生可提前去看考场，熟悉考试的实战环境，并准备好考试所需证件; 托福考试正式考试时间为北京时间九点，考生们至少应提前半小时，即8:30前到达考场，因为在托福考试开始之前还要签署保密协议、寄存个人物品、排队等候拍照、核对身份等操作，千万不要因迟到而影响考试心态，无法正常发挥。

老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 19

老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 19 The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century. In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance. This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway. When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries,