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非谓语动词

非谓语动词
非谓语动词

非谓语动词

动词不定式

一、动词不定式的构成

不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里

的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not

(+to)+动词原形。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,所以它在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

二、动词不定式的用法

1.作主语

动词不定式作主语时,在多数情况下,特别是在口语中,常用it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语—动词不定式放在后面。

To learn English well is useful.= It is useful to learn English well.

To finish the work is not easy for us.= It is not easy for us to finish the work.

To see is to believe.

常见的句型有:

(1)It +be +形容词+ (of sb.)to do sth.此句式中的形容词常是描述不定式逻辑主语

的属性或性质(表示人的品质)。如:kind,good,nice,clever, wrong, right, foolish, careless,honest, silly, lazy等,表示赞扬或批评的词

It is very kind of you to help me .

It is very clever of you to do like that.

这一句式有时相当于Sb.+ be+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.

(2)It +be +形容词/名词+(for sb.)+ to do sth. 此句式中的形容词常是表示不定式动

作、行为的性质,如:hard, difficult, easy, important,impossible, necessary 等。

It took me an hour to finish my homework.

(4)It seems+形容词+to do.

It seemed impossible to save money.

2、作宾语

①以下动词后,能跟不定式作宾语:afford (付得起),manage(设法),offer(主动提出),promise(答应),agree, ask, refuse , would like, want,love/love,wish,hope,decide,plan,begin/ start, expect, learn,try, forget, help, need等。如:

Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想看电影吗?

②在find,think, make, consider, feel 等动词后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(动词不定式)放在句末。句型:sb.+ think/ find/feel/… + it +形容词+to do sth. 如:I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。

(3)不定式作宾语补足语

接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有:tell,advise, warn, ask,want,

allow,get,would like,help, teach, like ,encourage,等。如:

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

(4)不定式作定语

①动词不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

Would you like something to eat?

②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如:

There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。

I want to be the first one to get to the top of the mountain.

(5) 不定式作表语,用在系动词be 后。

My only will(愿望) is to be a singer.

(6) 不定式作状语

不定式作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。

Gina went to Beijing to see her parents last week.(表目的)

To arrive there on time, I got up one hour earlier than usual.(表目的)

He was too angry to see anything.(表结果)

I’m very glad to see you again.(表原因)

(7)特殊形式的动词不定式

①一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补。这时不定式要省略to(即这些动词后不带to的动词不定式)。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但这些动词在被动语态中,必须加上to。如:

I often see them play basketball on the playground.

They are often seen to play basketball on the playground.

②常见的一些不带to的动词不定式的结构:

Why not do…,

had better( not)do…,

would rather do,

Could/Would/Will you please( not) do...

I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。

③在help 后,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。

I often help my mother (to) do some housework.

④不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:

The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。( where to go= where he should go)

二、动名词

一.动名词的构成

动词-ing形式既是动词现在分词,也可以构成动名词。

二.接“动词+ing形式”作宾语的动词和动词短语有:

enjoy doing sth.( ) keep doing sth.(

stop doing sth.( ) go on doing sth.( )

be busy doing sth.( ) like/ love doing sth.( )

hear sb. doing sth.( ) see sb. doing sth.( )

find sb. doing sth.( ) watch sb doing sth.( )

注意:除了以上动词和短语外,还有:finish, suggest, hate, mind ,notice, miss ,be worth, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem(in ), spend, feel like, be used to , give up, keep on, can’t help 等。

顺口溜:

完成实践值得忙(finish , practice, be worth, be busy)

继续习惯别放弃(keep on , be used to , give up)

考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)

喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss ,mind)

三、既可以接动词不定式,也可以接动名词的动词有:like/love, start/ begin, hate, continue, stop, forget, remember, try, go on, mean ,regret等。但要注意一些动词,接不定式和动名词,意义的区别。

1.stop to do sth.( ) stop doing sth.( )

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿这件事情。

Stop talking, please.请不要说话。

2.remember to do sth.( ) remember doing sth.( ) Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄了。

I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。

3.forget to do sth.( ) forget doing sth.( )

I forgot to bring my homework. 我忘记带作业了。

I forgot bringing my homework. 我忘记已把作业带来了。

4.try to do sth.( ) try doing sth.( )

Please try to do better next time. 下次努力做得更好些。

He tried speaking English to us. 他试着用英语和我们谈话。

5. go on to do sth.( ) go on doing sth.( )

Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.你做完这个练习题后,接着作其它的。

Go on doing the exercises after a short rest. 休息一会儿后,继续做练习。

6.regret to do sht.( ) regret doing sth.( )

7.mean to do sth.( ) mean doing sth.( )

四、see, hear, watch, notice, feel, listen to等动词,接不带to的不定式,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接现在分词(动词-ing),表示动作正在进行着。

I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)

I hear him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)

五、分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的形式是“动词+ing”;过去分词的形式是“动词+ed”,也有不规则的形式。

①现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。如:

the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息

a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人

a moving film 一场感人的电影

the moved people 被感动的人们

②现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:

the developing country 发展中国家

the developed country 发达国家

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳

the risen sun 升起来的太阳

六、注意含有介词to 的固定短语,介词to 后面需要接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。

1.make (a )contribution(s) to 为……做贡献

This book made a great contribution to our understanding of the subject.这本书对我们了解这门学科有很大帮助。

2.devote oneself to 献身/致力于……

He has devoted his life to helping disable people.他一生献身于帮助残疾人。

3.look forward to 期盼,盼望

We are so much looking forward to seeing you again.我们非常盼望再见到你。

4.prefer … to…两者间更喜欢….

I prefer walking to cycling.我更愿意不行,而不愿意骑自行车。

5.be /get / become used to …习惯于…….,适应…….

She is quite used to working hard.她很习惯努力工作。

6.put one’s mind to 全神贯注于……

7.pay attention to 注意力于

8.in addition to 除…..之外

9.thanks to 多亏了;由于

10.according to 根据

七、have sb. do sth.; have sb./sth. doing sth. 和have sth. done 的区别

①have sb. do sth意为“让某人一直做某事”,have 可以用make, let 代替。不带to的不定式(do)往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如:The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。

②have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”,have可以用keep代替,现在分词(doing这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。

The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。

③have sth. done 意为“让某人做某事”,过去分词done这个动作由他人(非主语本人)来完成,有被动意义。The driver had his car washed once a week.

非谓语动词专练

2011年

( )1.Tom’s mother told him______ eating too much meat.(天津)

A. stopping

B. to stop

C. stops

D. stopped

( )2.We don't know it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.(重庆)

A. what to do

B. to do what .

C. whether to do '

D. to do whether

( )3.(江西) How kind you are! You always do what you can______ me .

A. help

B. helping

C. to help

D. helps

( )4. (山西) Drivers shouldn't be allowed after drinking, or they will break the law.

A. drive

B. driving

C. to drive

D. drove

( )5. (新疆乌木齐) Water Park is a good place________.

A. to have fun

B. have fun

C. having fun

D. to have a fun

( )6.(哈尔滨)Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you____ to your studies with more energy.

A. return

B. to return

C. returning

D. returned

( )7. (杭州) Nick, would you mind ___those old jeans? They look terrible.

A. not to wear

B. not wear

C. wearing not

D. not wearing

( )8. (黄冈) ----_______ a volunteer is great.

---- I think so. Some of us want ________volunteers for the London Olympics.

A. Being; being

B. To be; being;

C. Being; to be

D. To be; to be

( )9. ( 长沙) ----What about ________ a rest?

----OK. Let's go out and have a walk.

A. to take

B. takes

C. taking

D. took

( )10. (成都)----I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't know _____it in my small house.

----You're supposed to put it in the living room.

A. where to put

B. why to put

C. how to put

D. what to put ( )11.( 成都) While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped_______ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _______ what was wrong with him.

A. to run; to see

B. running; seeing

C. running; to see

( )12. (广州) May I have a rest? I have already finished______ the report.

A. write

B. writing

C. to write

D. written

( )13. ( 广州) ----I feel a bit hungry now.

----Why not _______ for dinner with us7

A. go

B. did you go

C. to go

D. do you go

( )14.We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun ____ volleyball.(2011,贵港)

A. play

B. playing

C. played

D. to play

( )15.My mother asked me ________ the room.(2011柳州)

A. clean

B. cleaned

C. to clean

D. cleaning

2008-2010年中考题组( )1.The teacher asked Ben______ a difficult question in class.(北京)

A. answer

B. answering

C. to answer

D. answered

( )2.Stop _____a noise in the library. The students are reading hooks.

A. make

B. to make

C. makes

D. making

( )3. You'd better______ too much time playing computer games. ( 重庆)

A. don't spend

B. not to spend

C. to not spend

D. not spend

( )4. ( 河北) More and more young people are trying to do something the old.

A. served

B. to serve

C. serve

D. serves ( )5. ----Do you know Neil Armstrong? (南京)

----Yes. He is the first man______ on the moon.

A. walk

B. walks

C. to walk

D. walked

( )6. ----Is Jack in the library? (绍兴)

----Maybe. I saw him ______out with some books just now.

A. going

B. go

C. to go

D. went ( )7. ----Dad, why should I stop ____ computer games ? (深圳)

----For your health, my boy, I'm afraid you ______.

A. to play; must

B. playing; have to

C. to play ; can

D. playing ; may

( )8. ----How about _______ in the river with us? (深圳)

----Sorry, I can't. My parents often tell me _ that.

A. swim; don't do

B. swim ; to do

C. swimming; not do

D. swimming; not to do

( )9. ----Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother?(湖北黄冈)

----Yes, it's well worth . It's ___moving that I've seen it twice.

A. seeing; too

B. to see ; enough

C. seeing; so

D. to see; such

( )10. ----I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics. (黄冈) ----Why not music? It can make you _______,

A. listen to; to relax

B. listen to; relax

C. listening to ; relax

D. listening; to ; to relax

( )11. (江西) -----Why did you buy a radio? ----_________English.

A. Learn

B. Learning

C. To learn

D. Be learning ( )12.---- Science is so difficult! (2009,南安)

---- I think you should keep on _______ hard.

A. study

B. to study

C. studying

D. studied

( )13.The old man is ill and he doesn’t feel like ______.(2009.广东)

A. to eat something

B. to eat anything

C. eating something

D. eating anything

( )14.---- What a heavy rain!(2009.扬州)

---- So it is ! I prefer _______ at home ________ on such a rainy day.

A. watch TV; to go out

B. watch TV; go out

C. watching TV; to going out

D. to watch TV; going out

( )15.---- Would you mind me _______ the window ? It’s too cold in the room.(宜宾) ---- Of course not.

A. to open

B. opening

C. to close

D. closing ( )16.What do you enjoy _______ your holiday?(2009.柳州)

A. spent

B. to spend

C. spending

D. spent

( )17.The mother told her son __________ computer games too much .(2009,北海)

A. not to play

B. to not play

C. doesn’t play

D. not play ( )18.Our teachers often tell us not ___alone in the river in summer. It’s dangerous.(09桂林)

A. swim

B. swims

C. swimming

D. to swim

( )19.Please remember ________ some newspapers for me on your way back.(08柳州)

A. buy

B. buying C to buy D. bought

( )20.I was so ________ when I heard the _______ news.(08玉林)

A. amazing; amazed

B. amazed; amazing

C. amazing; amazing

D. amazed; amazed

( )21.Don’t forget ________ “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.(08崇左)

A. to speak

B. to say

C. to tell

D. saying

( )22.My father tells me ______ new QQ friends . It’s not safe.(08梧州)

A. to meet

B. to chat with

C. not to meet

D. to make friends with ( )23.---- Shall we start at eight o’clock in the morning ?(08贺州)

---- Why not _______ it a little earlier?

A. make

B. to make

C. making

D. made

( )24.Although he was a child, he tried to find ways _______ people ______ life more.

A. to help ; enjoy

B. help ; enjoy

C. to help; enjoying

D. help; enjoying

( )25. ( 2010北京) Cranny often tells us water in our daily life.

A. save

B. saving

C. to save

D. saves

( )26. (上海) Richard turned off the computer after he had finished the email.

A. write

B. to write

C. writing

D. wrote ( )27.(重庆) James, I'm too tired. Let’s stop______ a rest

A. having

B. have

C. to having

D. to have

( )28. (广东) ----We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.

----Really? Will you please show me it?

A. how to use

B. what to use

C. how can I use

D. what can I use

( )29.(成都)----Where's your brother now,Bob7

-----I saw him ____in the street a moment ago and I told him ____.

A. playing; don't do so

B. playing; not to do so C.play; to do so

( )30.(哈尔滨)As teenagers, we're old enough_______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.

A. to help

B. helping

C. helped

D. helped ( )31.( 2010江西) ----Mary dances best in our school.

----I agree. I'll never forget_______ her dance for the first time.

A. seeing

B. to see

C. see

D. seen

( )32.(云南昆明) Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada. It can encourage post-90s (90 后)_ ___.

A. work harder

B. worked harder

C. working harder

D. to work harder

( )33.(陕西) Don't forget ______an umbrella _______you. It's going to rain.

A. to take; to

B. taking ; to

C. to take; with

D. taking; with

( )34.(贵阳)Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her____ books in the classroom.

A. read

B. to read

C. reads

D. reading

( )35.(安徽芜湖)----Are you going to the party ______at Smith's home this evening?

----I will if I am free.

A. holding;

B. held

C. to hold '

D. to be held

( )36.(乌鲁木齐)Mrs. Smith made her students ____the compositions three times a week.

A. write

B. to write

C. written

D. writing

( )37.(兰州)Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby____.

A. to stop crying

B. stop crying

C. to stop to cry

D. stop to cry

( )38.(兰州)We have two rooms____ ,but I can't decide____.

A. to live, to choose which one

B. lived, choose which one

C. to live in, which one to choose D.live ,which one

( )39.Doing morning exercise ________ good for our health.(2010百色)

A. is

B. am

C. are

D. was

( )40.You’d better _______ in class.(2010.来宾)

A.sleep B. to sleep C. not sleep D. not to sleep ( )41.The teacher said he would do all he could ______ me with my chemistry.(2010.柳州

A. help

B. helping

C. to help

D. helped

( )42.It is ________ difficult for us _________climb up the mountain.

A. very; can’t

B. too; not

C. too; to

D. very ; to

( )43.On January 1, boys and girls are busy_________.

A. to celebrate New Year’s Day

B. to celebrate New Year s’ Day

C. celebrating New Year’s Day

D. celebrating New Years’ Day ( )https://www.docsj.com/doc/773063646.html,st night, the old man found it difficult ________ asleep.

A. falling

B. to fall

C. fall

D. fell

( )45.---- Do you often hear Tom ____his room?

---- Listen! Now we can hear him _______ in his room.

A. sing; to sing

B. singing; singing

C. sing; singing

D. to sing; singing

非谓语动词全面讲解

非謂语动词(一) 一、Done 被动性:过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者(receiver), 而不是发出者,两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性:与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比,分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语:许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词,其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语:划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译: 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后:see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后:make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后:like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译:我回到家,发现家里被偷了

英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题

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