英国与爱尔兰

Understanding UK & Ireland

Chapter 9 A General Survey of UK

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

___2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.

___3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.

___4. The United Kingdom consist of two main islands—Great Britain and Ireland. II. Multiple Choices

5. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

6. Which flower is symbol of England?

A. Thistle

B. Shamrock

C. Daffodil

D. Rose

7. About two thirds of ____is covered by the Highlands.

A. England

B. Scotland

C. Wales

D. Northern Ireland

III. Match each of the following capitals with its island

8. Scotland a) Belfast

9. Wales b) Cardiff

10.Northern Ireland c) Edinburgh

IV. Answer the Following Questions

11. What are the four regions of Britain?

12. What kind of geographical position does Britain have?

13. Which places in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland ？

14. Does Britain have a favorable climate?

15. What are the factor s which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?

Chapter 10

Geography & History of UK

Section 1 Geography

I. Decide w hether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.

___2. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. ___3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales.

II. Multiple Choices

4. The British Isles are made up of______.

A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones

B. two large islands and Northern Ireland

C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones

D. three large islands and Northern Ireland

5. The largest lake in Britain is ______.

A. Loch Lomond

B. the Lough Neagh

C. Windermere

D. Ullswater

6. Britain’s climate is influenced by ______ that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.

A. the Gulf Stream

B. the Brazil Current

C. the Labrador Current

D. the Falkland current

7. The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.

A. Edinburgh

B. Belfast

C. Glasgow

D. Birmingham

8. _____ is England’s biggest naval base.

A. Portsmouth

B. Southampton

C. Plymouth

D. Dover

9. Which is the largest city in Scotland?

A. Cardiff

B. Edinburgh

C. Glasgow

D. Manchester

10. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with _____.

A. the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking

B. the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking

C. the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinking

D. the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking

Section 2 History

I. Decide whether the following statements are t rue or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people.

___2. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nation was to be formed.

___3. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John.

___4. Henry VII was responsible for the founding of the C hurch of England.

___5. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.

II. Multiple Choices

6. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from___ .

A. France

B. Denmark

C. Ireland

D. Germany

7. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____?

A. Emperor Claudius

B. Julius Caesar

C. King Alfred

D. King Ethelred

8. The Chartist Movement was officially launched at a great m eeting in Birmingham in__ , with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People’s Charter.

A. 1836

B. 1838

C. 1840

D. 1842

9. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ____.

A. 200

B.

C. B. 55 B.C. C. 55 A.

D. D. 410 A.D

10. When did the Hundred Years’ War start?

A. 1733

B. 1453

C. 1337

D. 1357

Chapter Exercises

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland.

___2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.

___3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland

___4. The UK lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.

___5. British recorded history begins with the Norman invasion.

II. Multiple Choices

6. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ____.

A. Ben Nevis

B. Cross Fell

C. Snowdon

D. Scafell

7. The Lake District is famous for ___.

A. its wild and beautiful scenery

B. its varied lakes

C. the Lake Poets

D. all of the above

8. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.

A. the Jutes

B. the Celts

C. the Saxons

D. the Iberians

9. .The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from____.

A. the Bill of Rights

B. the Agreement of the People

C. the People’s Charter

D. the Great Charter

10. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____.

A. Emperor Claudius

B. Julius Caesar

C. King Alfred

D. King Ethelred III. Gap-filling

11. The total area of Britain is about____ square kilometers.

12. Britain is separated from the European continent by ______ and_____________.

13. The capital of the Scotland is (1) ________, the capital of Wales is___ and the capital of Northern Ireland is (2) ________.

14.________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.

15. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.

IV. Terms Explanation

16. The Hundred Years' War 17. The Lowland Zone

18. Norman Conquest of 1066 19. Industrial Revolution

20. The Chartist Movement

Chapter 11

Political System & National Economy of UK

Section 1 Political System

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the spa ce provided.

___1. The United Kingdom is a federal, not a unitary state.

___2. Members of Parliament (MPs) are those who inherit the noble titles.

___3. In Britain, changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.

___4. The Labor Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received

financial support from them.

___5. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.

II. Multiple Choices

6. The House of Commons consists of ______ Members of Parliament.

A 651 B. 1,200 C. 1,198 D. 763

7. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the ______.

A the House of Lords B. the House of Commons

C. the Privy Council

D. the Shadow Cabinet

8. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.

A. all members of the royal family

B. the House of Lords and the House of Commons

C. cabinet and ministry

D. the countries of the Commonwealth

9. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.

A. queen

B. monarch

C. prime minister

D. king

III. Match the following items

1) England has existed as a unified entity since the ________ century.

2) The most important part of the English constitution is the Magna Charta, or Great Charter, sealed by _______in 1215.

3) In 1994 the Labor Party elected Tony Blair, a young lawyer, as its leader.

a) King John c) James II d) the Labor Party e)10th f) 11th

Section 2 National Economy

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. Mrs. Thatcher's government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies.

___2. Today, in Britain, iron and steel is called a “sick” industry.

___3. There are steady development in the 50s and 60s, economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.

II. Multiple Choices

4. Traditional British farming involved__, which dated back to the 5th century.

A. the open field system

B. the system of crop rotation

C. the use of artificial fertilizer

D. the use of new agricultural machinery

5. In the 1970s, oil was discovered in___, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic miracle for Britain.

A. the English Channel

B. the Irish Sea

C. the St. George Sea

D. the North Sea

6. Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through___.

A. the income tax

B. the council tax

C. the capital receipts

D. personal contribution

7. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950，and 1960s was based on the theory of_______.

A. Adam Smith

B. John M. Keynes

C. Margaret Thatcher

D. Karl Marx

8. Under Margaret Thatcher’s administration, Britain experienced _________.

A. economic recession

B. economic expansion

C. economic decline

D. economic depression

9. In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.

A. 2%

B. 3%

C. 4%

D. 5%

III. Match the following items

1) The two important crops in Britain are ____.

2) ____is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.

3) In the early 2000s Britain’s levels of inflation and unemployment remained among the lowest in the European Union.

a) wheat and rice b) wheat and barley

c）the area between London and South Wales

d）the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland

e) lowest f) highest

Chapter Exercises

I. Gap-filling

1. The British were the ______ in the world to enter the Industrial Revolution.

2. The main textile producing regions of Britain are _____,____,____,and_____.

3. An industrial complex in suburban Glasgow dubbed _______is the center of Scotland’s thriving technology industry.

4. Historically, the financial services industry has been based in the City of______ in an area called the Square Mile.

5. The Bank of England, chartered in 1694, was ______in 1946 and is the only bank that issues banknotes in England and Wales.

6. The predecessor of the English parliament is________.

7. There are _______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.

8. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______, with is one leader, and forms a ________.

9.____________were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.

10. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ___________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.

III. Terms Explanation

1. Constitutional monarchy

2. Primogeniture

3. First past the post

4. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party

5. High Street Banks

IV．Answer the Following Questions

16. What is a general election?

17. What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consists of?

18. What are the three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth?

19. What is the British government’s role in the economy?

20. How did the structure of British industry change in the last half of the 20th century?

Chapter 12 Society & Culture of UK

Section 1

British people & their Ways of Life

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. It is customary to leave a 10% tip when eating in restaurants for good service (but not in fast food restaurants such as McDonalds.)

___2. Britain is home of the world's largest foreign exchange market and the world's richest football club—Manchester United.

___3. The once typical British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial changes during the nineteenth century.

___4. Marriage is legal at age 18 in Britain.

II. Multiple Choices

5. What is the most popular type of home in England?

A .semi-detached B. detached C .flat D .terraced

6. Which of the following is not included in the most common and typical foods eaten in Britain?

A. sandwich

B. fish

C. chips

D. Pisa

7. When does the world's most famous tennis tournament Wimbledon begin?

A. on the nearest Friday to June 22

B. on the nearest Monday to June 22

C. on the nearest Tuesday to June 22

D. on the nearest Saturday to June 22 III. Match the following items

8. When you are invited to dinner, ten minutes _____ is excellent.

9. ________ is undoubtedly the most popular sport in England.

10. In England, People usually ______ when first introduced.

a) Football b) Horseracing c) late d) shake hands

e) kiss each other lightly on one cheek

Section 2 Holidays and Special Days

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. Banks are not allowed to operate on bank holidays.

___2. Each part of the United Kingdom has the same Saint's Day.

___3. There are currently 8 permanent bank and public holidays in England, Wales and Scotland, and 10 in Northern Ireland.

II. Multiple Choices

4. In England, Wales & Ireland, both Christmas Day and _____Good Friday were traditional 'days of rest'.

A. New Year's Day

B. Easter Monday

C. Good Friday

D. May Day

5. England's National Day is ____.

A. St George's Day, 1 March

B. St George's Day, 23 April

C. New Year's Day. 1 Jan

D. Christmas, 25 Dec

6. In England, Wales, parts of Canada, and in some other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, ____ is a popular term applied to December 26, the day following Christmas Day.

A. Easter

B. Lent

C. Boxing Day

D. Remembrance Day

III. Match each of the following parts with its Saint’s Day.

7. England a) St. David

8. Scotland b) St Patrick

9. Wales c) St. George

10. Northern Ireland d) St. Andrew

Section 3 Education

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

_____1. Education in Britain is compulsory for children aged from 5 to 16.

_____2. Like all British universities, Buckingham University is also partially funded by central government grants.

_____3.Public schools are mainly financed by fees paid by parents.

_____4. Boarding private schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School are open to all in Britain and a large percentage of population can attend the schools.

II. Multiple Choices

5. Which one is not considered as the most famous boarding private schools in Britain?

A. Eton College

B. Harrow School

C. Woodland Junior School

D. Rugby School

6. Normally, it will take _______ years to get an undergraduate degree

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 2

7. Which of the following statements is not true about the comprehensive schools?

A. They are only taken students with good academic abilities.

B. They provide a large range of secondary education.

C. they are founded in 1960s and 1970s.

D. Most grammar schools were replaced by comprehensive schools.

III. Match the following items

8. Oxbridge 9. public schools 10. polytechnics

a)Universities dedicated to the sciences and applied technology b)Ivy League

d) state schools e)private schools that charge attendance fees

f) Oxford and Cambridge

Section 4 British Literature

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

_____1. Spencer is regarded as the father of modern English poetry.

_____2. One of Milton’s major poetic works is Paradise Lost .

_____3. The majority of traditional English poems were written in iambic pentameter. _____4.The Victorian Age is most famous for its essays.

II. Multiple Choices

5. What is the essence of the Renaissance?

A .Poetry

B .Drama

C .Humanism

D .Reason

6. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _____.

A. J. Keats

B. W. Blake

C. W. Wordsworth

D. P. B. Shelley

7. Among the following poets, _____ doesn’t belong to the Victorian Poets.

A. T. S. Eliot

B. Alfred Tennyson

C. Robert Browning

D. Matthew Arnold III. Match the following writers with their works

1) Virginia Woolf 2) Geoffrey Chaucer 3) Charles Dickens

a) The Canterbury Tales b) Mrs. Dalloway c) Othello d) David Copperfield e) I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

IV. Gap-filling

8._____________ is the most popular literary form in the medieval period.

9. The Romantic Movement appeared on the literary arena of England from the publication of _____________ by Wordsworth and _____________ in 1798 to the death of _____________ in 1832. The literary form which is the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is _________.

10. Samuel Richardson was the master of writing _____________ novels and the first novelist of ____________ tradition. His novels have a ___________, trying to inculcate virtue and good deportment. _________ was his best novel.

11. W. M. Thackeray was another representative of _________ in 19th England. In 1847 he published his masterpiece _________________ with a subtitle “________________________”.

12. ____________________________ are considered as Shakespeare's four greatest tragedies.

V. Terms Explanation

1. Spenserian stanza

2. Stream of Consciousness

Chapter 13

Understanding Ireland

Section 1 A General Survey of Ireland

I. Decide whether the following statements a re true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for fal se in the space provided.

_ _1. Most people in the Republic of Ireland are Protestant, and the rest are Roman Catholics.

_ _2. Dublin is the largest city of the Republic of Ireland, and also the larges t city on the island of Ireland.

___3. "Urban Dublin" includes not only Dublin City, but also the contiguous suburban areas that run into the adjacent counties of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin.

II. Multiple Choices

4. The reason why Ireland is known as the "Emerald Isle" is because of _________.

A. its connection with Britain

B. its green scenery

C. its abundant natural resources

D. its unique shape

5. What are the two official languages in Ireland?

A. Irish and Gaelic

B. English and Ulster-Scots

C. English and Gaelic

D. Irish and Ullans

6. What are the three colors that constitute the Republic of Ireland's national flag?

A. orange, white and green

B. orange, green and blue

C. white, green and red

D. white, blue and green

7. Who made harp the official symbol of colonial Ireland in the 16th century?

A．Queen Victoria of England B. Queen Elisabeth I of England

C. King Henry VII of England

D. King Henry VIII of England

III. Match the following items

8. the largest religious group in Ireland

9. the religious group that belongs to the Protestant

10. the religious group that is against war and centralization of government power

a) the Church of Ireland b) Jehovah's Witnesses d) Roman Catholics

e) Orthodox f ) Jews

Section 2 Geography & History of Ireland

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. Ireland is on the western fringe of Europe and it stretched from Malin Head in the south to Mizen Head in the north

___2. The River Shannon is the longest river in both Ireland and Britain, and has influenced the military, social and economic history of Ireland.

___3. In 1459 Henry VII extended English law over the entirety of Ireland, and assumed supremacy over the existing Irish parliament.

II. Multiple Choices

4. What caused the death of over 1 million lives and the departure of a further 1 million people in Ireland in the 1840s?

A. the war against England

B. political unrest

C. the Great Famine

D. the harsh weather

5. What are the names of the two largest islands along the western coast of Ireland?

A. the Achill and Dundalk Island

B. the Achill and the Aran Island

C. the Dundalk and Dublin Island

D. the Dundalk and the Aran Island

6. Which of the following word can be used to describe the outstanding feature of the Irish weather?

A. changeable

B. humid

C. sunny

D. dry

7. What is the most valuable natural resource in Ireland?

A．zinc and lead B. gypsum and alumina C. peat and bogs D. its lowland soils II. Multiple Choices

8. the highest mountain in Ireland

9.the principal mountain ranges in the south of Dublin

10.the mountain in the far southwest in County Kerry

a) Wicklow Mountains b) Carrauntoohil

c) Macgillycuddy's Reeks d) Caher

Section 3

Political System & National Economy of Ireland

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1.In the Republic of Ireland, the Uachtarán is the head of government and of a multi-party system and the Taoiseach is the head of state.

___2. Dublin, the capital the Republic of Ireland, was ranked 16th in a worldwide cost of living survey in 2006.

___3. The monetary unit of Ireland is the single currency of the European Union(EU), the Euro. Ireland was among the first group of EU member states to adopt the Euro. II. Multiple Choices

4. What are the two opposed and competing Parties that dominated the Republic of Ireland?

A. Fianna Fáil and Seanad éireann

B. Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael

C. Dáil éireann and Seanad éireann

D. Dáil éireann and Fine Gael

5. The presidency is open to all Irish citizens who are at least____ years old.

A. 30

B. 36

C. 40

D. 35

6. What is the name of the parliament of the Republic of Ireland?

A. Dáil éireann

B. Seanad éireann

C. Oireachtas

D. Fine Gael

7. The prime minister is appointed by________, after being nominated by the lower house of parliament.

A．the President B. the Senate C. the Oireachtas D. the Council of State

III. Match the following items

8. Mary Patricia McAleese 9. Bertie Ahern 10. Brian Cowen

a) the tenth Prime Minister b) the head of Irish Supreme Court

c) the current Deputy Prime Minister of Ireland

d) the eighth, and current, President of Ireland

e)the present Vice-President f) the head of the High Court

Section 4 Society and Culture of Ireland

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.

___1. Ireland’s population is predominantly of Irish origin, but ancient tribes had inhabited Ireland for thousands of years when Celtic peoples settled the island in the 4th century BC.

___2. In the 1960s and 1970s emigration in Ireland increased sharply because people wanted to seek employment and better lives in foreign countries.

___3. In Ireland, most weddings are performed in a church, but a minority is also performed in a registry office.

II. Multiple Choices

4. Ireland also has a small indigenous minority known as ______.

A. Celtic

B. Travelers

C. Normans

D. Vikings

5. Since 1991, how many women presidents have the Irish elected?

A. two

B. Three

C. four

D. none

6. What is not included in the renowned local stout varieties in Ireland?

A. Guinness

B. Beamish

C. Murphy

D. whiskey

7. What are the two popular national sports in Ireland?

A. Irish soccer and hockey

B. Gaelic rugby and sailing

C. Gaelic football and hurling

D. Irish cycling and golf

III. Match the following items

8. Céad míle fáilte 9. Dia dhuit 10.Slán agus beannacht

a) Go safely, and blessings be with you b) Go safely

c) A hundred thousand welcomes d) How's it going

e) God be with you f) How are you?

Chapter Exercises

I. Gap-filling

1. Ireland means "Eire land". Eire is the Irish name for the country and is believed to mean "_________".

2. Originally founded as a centre for the Viking slave trade, Dublin has been Ireland's capital city since ________ times.

3. In 432, St. Patrick arrives in Ireland and confronts King Laoghaire who allows him to spread the word of ________ in Ireland.

4. In 1914, the implementation of _______ is postponed because of the outbreak of World War I.

5. The state operates under the Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937. The constitution may only be amended by ________.

6. The population within the administrative area controlled by Dublin City Council was 505,739 at the census of 2006. A person from Dublin is known as a ________ or a Dub. ________ is the country’s second larg est city and major port. English is the main language used in Ireland (spoken with an Irish accent). The traditional ________ language is spoken mainly in areas along the west coast of Ireland. The major religions of Ireland are Roman Catholic and _________. The Republic of Ireland's flag is made of three equal-sized rectangles of orange, white, and green. The green color on the flag represents the native people of Ireland, most are _________.

7. Two popular national sports in Ireland probably are: _________ and _________, both strictly _________ sports. _________ has become a particularly popular spectator sport in the 1990s. Besides, _________, sailing, cycling, golf, and _________ racing are also favorite activities.

8. Major public holidays observed in the Republic of Ireland include: New Year's Day, St Patrick's Day, Easter Monday, Labor Day/May Day and Christmas Day, among which _________ honors the patron saint of Ireland and _________ was newly introduced in _________.

9. The Republic of Ireland's education system is quite similar to that of most other western countries. There are three distinct levels of education in Ireland: ________, ________ and ________.

10. Ireland's most widely-known literary works are undoubtedly in English. Particularly famous examples of such works are those of James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, and Ireland's four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature: ________, ________, ________ and ________.

II. Terms Explanation

1. The River Shannon

2. The Irish Free State

3. Shamrock

4. George Bernard Shaw

5. The Supreme Court

III. Answer the Following Questions

1. What kind of holiday is St Patrick's Day?

2. What is the origin of the Irish national anthem “The Soldier's Song”?

3. What is “the Potato Famine”?

4. What do Protestant groups in Ireland include?

5. How much do you know about James Joyce?

英语国家国情试题库-英国与爱尔兰

英国与爱尔兰 Part One Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is not a name people use to refer to the UK? B A. Great Britain B. The British Island C. The United Kingdom D. Britain 2.is the capital city of Wales. D A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over ________ millions. C A. 160 B. 600 C. 60 D. 16 4.The two landmarks of London are _________. A A. Guildhall and St. Paul’s Cathedral B. Guildhall and Covent Garden C. City Hall and St. Paul’s Cathedral D. City Hall and Covent Garden 5.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. D A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 6.The largest lake in the UK is located in ________. D A. England B. Wales C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland 7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. C A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D. Roman 8.In the early part of 11th century, ________ replaced English as the official language in England. B A. German B. French C. Celtic D. Indo-European 9.English was standardized because of the ________. A A. introduction of printing press B. first industrial revolution C. reins of William the Conqueror D. French retreat from England 10.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ________ words to English D A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 11.Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of ________. B A. southeastern England B. southwestern England C. southern Scotland D. northern Wales 12.At present, nearly of the world's population communicate in English. B A. half B. a quarter C. one third D. one fifth 13.Julius Caesar and his ________ troops invaded the British islands in year 55 BC. A A. Roman B. Italian C. Greek D. Germanic 14.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. D A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic 15.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England. D A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity 16.All the coronations of the British nation have been held in ________ since the 11th century. B A. the City Hall B. Westminster Abbey C. the King’s Council D. Buckingham Place 17.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ________. B A. St. Augustine B. Edward the Confessor C. William the Conqueror D. Alfred the Great 18.________ improved the courts of justice, introduced the jury system and institutionalized common law in Britain. C A. Edward the Confessor B. St. Augustine

中日韩10城市共推环黄海邮轮旅游 等

中日韩10城市共推环黄海邮轮旅游等

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1 讲究菜肴的营养品，注重菜品要质高量小 2 一般口味不喜太咸，爱微带甜味 3 主食一般以面为主，也爱吃烧麦、水饺和点心 4 副食爱吃牛肉、羊肉、猪肉、鱼、鸡、鸭、野味品、蛋类等；蔬 菜喜欢西红柿、黄瓜、柿子椒、茄子、卷心菜、土豆等；调料爱用番 茄酱油、胡椒粉、咖喱粉、味精和盐等 5 对烧、烤、炒、炸等烹调方法制作的菜肴偏爱 6 喜爱中国的苏菜、粤菜 7 很欣赏什锦拼盘、炸蛋卷、生菜鸡块、清炖狮子头、海米烧茭瓜、葱爆牛肉、鸡火煮干丝、烤鸭、香酥鸡、清炒虾仁、炒山鸡片、烤乳 猪等风味菜肴 8 酒喜欢喝啤酒、葡萄酒、香槟酒、白兰地等；也爱喝咖啡、牛奶、可可等，尤为更爱喝矿泉水（据资料介绍每年人均要喝200升），他 们还喜欢喝红茶；对水果冻、冰激凌也很爱吃 9

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朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚-第七章至第八章【圣才出品】

第7章英国教育体系 Ⅰ.Multiple choice. 1.Under the old selective system English children who have high marks in the “eleven plus”examination go on to_____.（北京交大2003研） A.public schools B.technical schools C.grammar schools D.secondary modern schools 【答案】C 【解析】在英国，初级学校学生在最后一学年要参加十一岁儿童升学考试；其中成绩最好的进入文法学校。 2.Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?（北京交大2006研） https://www.docsj.com/doc/6f11123274.html,cation is chaotic. https://www.docsj.com/doc/6f11123274.html,cation is very expensive. https://www.docsj.com/doc/6f11123274.html,cation is highly centralized. https://www.docsj.com/doc/6f11123274.html,cation is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom. 【答案】D 【解析】英国教育具有自由化的特点，集中体现在实行学校的地方管理措施。选项D正确。

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爱尔兰是欧洲大陆西北海岸外的一个岛屿，包括爱尔兰共和国和英国辖下的北爱尔兰。全岛总面积约8.4万平方公里。人们通常所说的“爱尔兰”，是爱尔兰共和国的简称，其国土面积约为70282平方公里。虽然就人口数量（约400万人）和经济规模总量来说，爱尔兰是一个小国，然而它又是一个颇具特色和影响、引起世人广泛兴趣的国度。 第一节自然地理 一、地理位置 爱尔兰共和国位于欧洲西部的爱尔兰岛中南部，莎士比亚在《约翰王》中曾把英格兰说成是“西方最远的尽头”，这样看来，爱尔兰就要更远的多了，可谓是尽头的尽头！爱尔兰岛可以被认为是欧洲大西洋边缘的一部分。 爱尔兰岛总面积84421平方公里，爱尔兰共和国为70282平方公里，占该岛5/6；北爱尔兰14139平方公里。东边的爱尔兰海把爱尔兰与不列颠岛分割开了，其宽度从17、6公里到192公里不等，最大水深大约200米。环绕海岸线其余部分的大陆架的浅水区域相当狭窄，水深迅速增加而深入大西洋之中。 二、地貌特征 爱尔兰面积不大，但地貌丰富多样，这是由复杂的地质演变造成的。在山岭、谷底、海岸一带，刻蚀着两条主要构造线：较古老的加里东褶皱带，位于该岛东部与北部，沿东北到西南走向；而位于岛屿南端的从东到西走向的山脉，属于海西褶皱带（Hercynian Fold Belt）。这些构造线形成了爱尔兰岛自然特征的基本轮廓。第三纪的阿尔卑斯运动把爱尔兰岛和不列颠岛分开，并把它作为一个岛屿置于欧洲大陆架上。第四纪冰川运动队爱尔兰岛景观中地貌的多样性提供了最新成分。各地被冰打磨的岩石、高山湖泊、冰川河谷和冰河时期留下来的沙砾泥土，都标志着冰川流过的痕迹。 爱尔兰河网密布，水量充沛，河流多经沼泽湖泊入海，沿途多急流瀑布，这也是爱尔兰景色中引人入胜的一部分。全国最长的河流香农河（River Shannon）,发源于西北部斯莱格湾附近的高原，自北向南而后又折向西南蜿蜒而下，在最后冲成激流到达入海口之前，缓慢地流经中部地区的广大低地，接纳了流速同样缓慢的支流，形成宽广的流域，然后注入德格湖(Lough Derg)，于利默里克（Limerick）入海。它全长259公里，但在不足160.9公里的流程中，水流缓慢，而在最后从德格湖(Lough Derg)到利摩力克的潮水位的25.744公里中，水流陡降30.48米。巨大的水面落差，便利建设大型水利发电站。因此，香农河成为一条重要河流。爱尔兰的其他主要河流还有东部的斯拉尼河、丽菲河（Liffey River）和博因河（Boyne River），东南部的诺尔河、巴罗河（River Barrow）和舒尔河，西部的科里布河，东北部的班河和拉甘河以及在西北部流经德里入海的福伊尔河（River Foyle）。可能有的同学会疑问为什么在几百平方公里的小岛上会生息着如此繁多的河流,如果将其与爱尔兰高扬的降水量联系起来看,就不奇怪了。 爱尔兰的中部地区由于第四纪冰川的作用，湖泊、沼泽多如繁星，风景秀丽。著名的湖泊有科里布湖Lough Corrib、阿伦湖（Lough Allen）、里湖、康湖、马斯克湖、德格湖(Lough Derg)等。其中最大的是科里布湖，面积168平方公里。爱尔兰海岸线较长，大西洋沿岸海岸以沉降型为主，而东海岸较为平直，缺乏天然良港，但因距英国较近，故对进出口贸易十分重要。爱尔兰岛的主要海湾有：都柏林湾（Dublin Bay）、贝尔法斯特湾(Belfast Lough）、香农湾（Shannon Estuary）和福伊尔湾。；岬角有布雷角、威克洛角、米曾角、阿卡洛角和卡奥尔

爱尔兰概况

【国名】爱尔兰（Ireland） 【国旗】呈横长方形， 长与宽之比为２∶１。从 左至右由绿、白、橙三个平行相等的竖长方形组成。绿色代表信仰天主教的爱尔兰人，也象征爱尔兰的绿色宝岛；橙色代表新教及其信徒，这一颜色还取意于奥伦治·拿骚宫的色彩，也表示尊贵和财富；白色象征天主教徒和新教派教徒之间永久休战、团结友爱，还象征对光明、自由、民主与和平的追求。 【国徽】为盾徽。天蓝色的盾面上绘有金黄色的竖琴。蓝色象征大海和天空，竖琴为爱尔兰人民喜爱的“天使之琴”。 【独立日】１２月６日（１９２１年） 【国庆日】３月１７日（圣帕特里克日）>> 【国花】萨姆劳克花（白三叶草） 【国鸟】蛎鹬 【国家政要】总统迈克尔·希金斯，２０１１ 年１１月宣誓就职；总理恩达·肯尼，２０１１年 ３月任职。 【自然地理】面积７０２８２平方公里。位于 欧洲西部的爱尔兰岛中南部。西濒大西洋，东北与 英国的北爱尔兰接壤，东隔爱尔兰海与英国相望。

海岸线长３１６９公里。中部是丘陵和平原，沿海多为高地。最长的河流香农河长约３７０公里。最大的湖泊为科里布湖（１６８平方公里）。属温带海洋性气候，平均气温２月３.２℃，８月１６.２℃。。爱尔兰素有“翡翠岛国”之称。 【人口】４５０万。绝大部分为爱尔兰人。官方语言为爱尔兰语和英语。居民９４％信奉罗马天主教，其他居民信奉基督教新教等。 【首都】都柏林（Dublin），人口１１８.７万。 【行政区划】全国分为２６个郡和４个郡级市及７个非郡级市。郡下设市区和镇。２６个郡为：卡洛、卡文、克莱尔、科克、多尼戈尔、都柏林、戈尔韦、凯里、基尔代尔、基尔肯尼、莱伊什、利特里姆、利默里克、朗福德、劳斯、梅奥、米斯、莫纳亨、奥法利、罗斯康芒、斯莱戈、蒂珀雷里、沃特福德、韦斯特米斯、韦克斯福德、威克洛。４个郡级市：都柏林、科克、利默里克、沃特福德。 【简史】公元前３０００年欧洲大陆移民开始定居爱尔兰岛。公元４３２年，圣帕特里克到此传播基督教及罗马文化。１２世纪进入封建社会。１１６９年遭英国入侵。１１７１年英王亨利二世确立对爱的统治权。１５４１年起英王成为爱尔兰国王。１８００年签订爱英同盟条约，成立大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国，被英国完全吞并。１９１６年都柏林爆发抗英的“复活节起义”。随着爱尔兰民族独立运动的高涨，英国政府同爱尔兰于１９２１年１２月签订了英爱条约，允许爱南部２６个郡成立“自由邦”，享有自治权。北部６郡（现北爱尔兰）仍归英国。１９３７年，爱尔兰宪法宣布“自由邦”为共和国，但仍留在英联邦内。１９４８年１２月２１日，爱尔兰议会通过法律，宣布脱离英联邦。１９４９年４月１８日，英承认爱独立，但拒绝归还北部６郡。爱尔兰独立后，爱尔兰历届政府均把实现南北爱尔兰统一作为既定政策。２００５年９月，国际独立委员会宣布，爱尔兰共和军已完全解除武装，加入和平进程。

旅游英语：伦敦介绍

旅游英语：伦敦介绍 伦敦(London)，是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(简称英国)首都，欧洲最大的城市。与美国纽约并列世界上最大的金融中心。伦敦位于英格兰东南部的平原上，跨泰晤士河。16世纪后，随着大英帝国的快速崛起，伦敦的规模也高速扩大。伦敦是英国的政治、经济、文化、金融中心和世界著名的旅游胜地，有数量众多的名胜景点与博物馆。伦敦是多元化的大都市，居民来自世界各地，一座种族、宗教与文化的大熔炉城市。使用的语言超过300多种。下面来介绍一下伦敦。 Not much is known about the earliest London Bridge although it's location is thought to be near the present one. The second bridge a wooden one existing in Saxon times seems to have given rise to the nursery rhyme 'London Bridge is falling down' which it did in 1014. In 1176 the first stone bridge was constructed. Houses sprung up on both sides of the bridge and stood until it was pulled down in 1831, making way for a more elegant, classic structure. This bridge was replaced in 1967 as it could no longer cope with the amount of traffic. The present London Bridge is more 100 feet wide.