南开大学博士英语考试信息

2007年南开大学博士英语考试试卷题型及分值

一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分

二、词汇：15分

三、阅读理解：40分

四、改错：10分

五、作文：15分

2008年南开大学博士英语考试试卷题型及分值

一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分

二、词汇：10分

三、阅读理解：40分

四、改错：10分

五、作文：20分

2008年南开大学博士英语考试试题1

2008-03-24 12:06

一、听力（1分×20=20分）

略

二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）

略

三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）（A篇出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷；B篇出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题；C篇关于旅游能扩展思路 没找到；D篇出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷；E篇出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题；F篇关于American paradox 没找到）

(A) 出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（猎物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves. A web- building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，

totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.

So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔

悴的）， it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer

strands（线）. Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider. by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web. Most of the energy needed for web -building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the

spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.

1. A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be .

A. Secrets of Spiders.

B. Secrets of the Web

C. Secrets of Nature

D. A New Discovery of Scientists

2. According to the passage which of the following statements is true

A. All web-building spiders are blind

B. Most spiders are blind

C. Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.

D. All spiders can weave webs.

3. Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to .

A. walk quickly

B. see the prey clearly

C. conserve its energy

D. survive

4. A spider conserves its energy .

A. because it constructs new webs daily

B. as it walks over the strands it lays

C. by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web

D. by eating only in the evening

5. That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that .

A. a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk

B. spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain

C. the web is everything to a spider

D. a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.

(B) 出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low

by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive build up of heat does not begin until well into the day.

Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the

loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.

Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.

6. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) Weather variations in the desert

(B) Adaptations of desert animals

(C) Diseased of desert animals

(D) Human use of desert animals.

7. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A) It helps them hide from predators.

(B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.

(C) It helps them see their young at night

(D) It keeps them cool at night.

8. The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A) an animal with a low average temperature

(B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel

(C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A) They do not need to eat much food.

(B) They can eat large quantities quickly

(C) They easily lose their appetites.

(D) They can travel long distances looking for food.

10. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A) To show how they use camels.

(B) To contrast them to desert mammals.

(C) To give instructions about desert survival.

(D) To show how they have adapted to desert life.

(C)关于旅游能扩展思路（原文没找到）

(D) 出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking. We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.

The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious. Everything of importance comes from the teacher. With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.

Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to

divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving

exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group

they are comfortable with. John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only

creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.

11. The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.

A. For the teacher to divide students into small groups.

B. To make it possible for students to interact with each other.

C. For the teacher to find out how students think.

D. To give students more opportunities to practice speaking.

12. The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years” (in Para.1) is

intended to convey the idea that_______.

A. College classrooms often reminded people of their college life.

B. Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.

C. A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.

D. There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.

13. The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group

might be that________

A. The teacher saves the trouble in doing that.

B. Learning is made comfortable in this way.

C. The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.

D. Brighter students can help slower ones.

14. All the following statements are true according to the passage except that

_________.

A. New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.

B. It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.

C. Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training

of critical thinking.

D. A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.

15. The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________

A. Create a comfortable setting for interaction.

B. Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.

C. Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.

D. Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and

faces easily.

(E) 出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus， children were valued in terms of their productivity and they assumed the role of producer quite early． Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination， and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status （地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become， each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members． Consequently， viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted （多方面的） member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian （功利的）organisms ． This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well -being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of

interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children． It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel （原则、信条）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing．

The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child

rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence， socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society

B）The Children of Colonial North America

C）The Development of Cultural Values

D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements

B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics

D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children's success．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children's psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel

A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs．C）A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families． 20．According to the passage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children's future occupations

B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childless couples

D）child-rearing techniques

(F)关于American paradox（原文没找到）

四、改错（1分×10=10分）

出自英语专业八级考试模拟题

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is

liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,

since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C. This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__

of the sun. by controlpanel

As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. __3__ The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__

in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which

are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping

from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__

about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__

earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__

to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it—97%

is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__

and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when

__9__

melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer

__10__

than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground

water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel

which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.

答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone. Let alone 意为“更不用说”， 表示一种让步关系。

2.face-surface 根据上下文理解，应该指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。这样使得planet后面的句子成为一个定语从句。

4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重复。

5.out改成outer 这里指外层空间。

6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中这里是让步关系，而不是并列关系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英语表达中，当分子是二以上的数时，分母应为复数。

9.when改成until或者unless 根据上下文，这句话的意思应为:除非（冰雪)融化，否则（地球上的）生命系统就无法利用水。所以when在这里

的意思有误。

10.fewer改成less 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用less。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing

提纲：1、阐述二者的relation；2、提出建议和solution；3、以一个natural end结尾。

南开大学考博参考书

南开大学会计学专业博士生入学考试科目和参考书目 考试科目一：英语（包括：基础外语、听力，不包括专业外语）。 考试科目二：会计理论与方法（含财务会计学、审计学），其中财务会计部分大致占70%，审计部分大致占30%。 参考书目 1．威廉姆.R.司可脱著，陈汉文等译《财务会计理论》，机械工业出版社，2000年11月。 2．夏恩.桑德著，方红星、王鹏、李红霞译《会计与控制理论》，东北财经大学出版社，2000年12月。ISBN：711107896 3．王光远，《审计学》，（会计大典系列，第十卷；总主编，葛家澍等），中国财政经济出版社，第1－6章。 考试科目三：会计综合基础（含财务管理、微观经济学、计量经济学），其中财务管理大致占60-70%，微观经济学与计量经济学占30-40%。 参考书目： 1．詹姆斯．范．霍恩著，刘志远主译《财务管理与政策》，东北财经大学出版社，2006年。 2．计量经济学指定参考书及要求 ●指定参考书：张晓峒主编，《计量经济学基础》（第3版），南开大学出版社， 2007年9月。（该书为“普通高等教育”十一五“国家级规划教材”） ●内容要求： 第1章绪论 第2章一元线性回归模型 第3章多元线性回归模型 第4章非线性回归模型的线性化 第5章异方差 第6章自相关

第7章多重共线性 第8章模型中的特殊解释变量 本章只要求： §8.3 虚拟变量 第11章模型的诊断与检验 本章只要求： §11.1 模型总显著性的F检验 §11.2 模型单个回归参数显著性的t检验 3．微观经济学参考书目待定。 除以上参考书目外，考生还需要阅读了解《会计研究》、《中国会计评论》（北京大学出版社）、《审计研究》等专业期刊近两年来有关财务、会计和审计等方面的研究成果，特别是实证研究的有关成果。

南开大学 18秋学期(1709、1803、1809)《税法》在线作业满分答案

18秋学期（1709、1803、1809）《税法》在线作业 根据营业税法律制度的有关规定，交通部门有偿转让高速公路收费权行为，属于营业税征收范围，应按（）税目征收营业税。 A.服务业 B.转让无形资产 C.文化体育业 D.交通运输业 正确答案:A 从事生产、经营的纳税人、扣缴义务人未按照规定的期限缴纳或者解缴税款的，纳税担保人未按照规定的期限缴纳所担保的税款的，由税务机关发出限期缴纳税款通知书，责令缴纳或者解缴税款的最长期限不得超过（????）。 A.10日 B.15日 C.30日 D.60日 正确答案:B 位于县城的甲企业2013年7月委托位于市区的乙企业加工化妆品，由乙企业代收代缴消费税6万元，则甲企业当月应被代收代缴城市维护建设税（）万元。 A.0.06 B.0.18 C.0.3 D.0.42 正确答案:D 税收法律关系的产生、变更与消灭是由（）来决定的。 A.税收法律制定 B.税收法律实施 C.税收法律事实 D.税收法律本身 正确答案:C 根据契税的有关规定，下列情形中应征收契税的是（）。 A.以自有房产作价投入本人经营的独资企业 B.非债权人承受破产企业土地和房屋权属

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