雅思写作大作文审题之题目特点与分类

福州朗阁雅思培训https://www.docsj.com/doc/6513004134.html,/ 雅思写作大作文审题之题目特点与分类

朗阁海外考试研究中心

考生们在写作真正下笔前，需要做的第一件事就是审题。审题是指在真正动笔写作之前对于考题的理解和分析的过程。它是雅思写作的第一步，也是非常关键的一个步骤，它直接关系着一篇作文的质量。良好的审题，能正确引导考生进行接下来的几个写作步骤——头脑风暴（brain storming），结构和写作（writing-up work）；反之，则会导致偏题甚至跑题的风险。那么，具体应该如何审题呢？在介绍具体步骤和技巧之前，朗阁福州英语培训中心先给大家介绍和分析雅思写作题目的特点和具体分类。

一、雅思写作题目特点

雅思写作命题主要是由两大主题部分构成：Background information和Question。例如以下真题：

Young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. ——（Background information）

To what extent do you agree or disagree？——（Question）

在background information里，我们可以找到具体的写作话题（eg. 犯罪）。而且，这些话题通常以三种形式出现：一个独立观点（Some people think giving aid to poorer countries has more negative effects than positive effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree？）、两个对立观点（Some people think they have right to use as much fresh water as they want， others， otherwise believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water as it is limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.）和一种社会现象或问题（Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What are the reasons for this problem？What are the effects to the society？）。

至于在第二部分——Question中，我们可以找到作文的提问方式。（具体见以下“按提问方式分类”部分）

二、雅思写作分类

雅思大作文根据不同的分类标准，可以分成不同类别，下面主要给大家介绍两大分类方法：

1. 按话题分类

雅思大作文经常涉及到的话题包括：社会、教育、科技、文化、政府；同时，也包括一些出题频率相对较低的话题：犯罪、环境、媒体、动物、女性等。对不同话题的熟悉和总结，可以帮助考生考前了解考试内容，实现做好心理准备并做出相应的准备工作，如，总结素材。

2. 按提问方式分类

按照提问方式，雅思大作文主要可以分为三大类：Argumentation、Report和Mixed type。

l Argumentation

议论文是大作文中出题频率最高的一类，约占到70%，主要可以归为以下五类：

Do you agree or disagree？

To what extent do you agree or disagree？

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages？

五种类别中，其中第二种和第三种考察频率最高，几乎占到80%。

l Report

报告类作文的提问方式以what are the reasons for this和give some solutions

为主打；其次，也经常会问到what are the effects或are there any other factors等。

l Mixed type

Mixed type是指提问方式由一个议论文的提问方式加上一个报告类的提问方式构成，两个问题的提问顺序不固定。比如说：

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve traffic problems and pollution. To what extent do you agree or disagree？ What other measures do you think are more effective？

三、特殊题目的处理

1. 题目中遇到生词怎么办

总体来说，雅思写作题目中的词汇属于基础词汇，基本不会涉及到高难度词语。但是，如果在考试中偶尔碰到不认识的词该怎么处理呢？

首先，如果题目background information出现两个对比观点，如果一方观点中有词汇不认识，可通过另一个观点推出该词的大致意思。例如：Some people think students should go to boarding schools instead of living at home. Do you agree or disagree？此题中，比方说有同学不认识boarding school，那么可以通过live at home推测出其意思，

因为，这两者是对立关系，所以，学生住在家里的对立面应该是住在学校里，由此推测boarding school应该是指寄宿学校。

此外，有些生词后面会给出具体的例子，那么我们可以根据例子来推测该词的意思。比方说，In many countries， fossil fuels such as coal， natural gas and crude oil are the main source of energy while in some other countries， the use of alternative sources of energy such as wind power and solar energy is increasingly encouraged. To what extent do you think this is a positive development？很多同学都不认识这道题目中的fossil fuel和alternative sources两个词，但是我们可以发现，这两个词后面都跟了具体的例子，通过分析例子，我们发现他们分别有共性，一种是传统能源而另一种则是清洁能源，故此，推断出这两个词的意思。

但是，如果实在推测不出生词的意思，那么只有避开生词部分，转而讨论另一方面，比如boarding school VS living at home这个话题，如果考生不熟悉boarding school，那么可以转向讨论学生住在家里的好处。

2. 注意题目中细节信息

There are an increasing number of juvenile delinquents. What are the causes of this phenomenon？ How can we solve this problem？这是很典型的犯罪类题目，很多烤鸭们看到这道题目很兴奋，因为大部分培训老师都会在课堂上讲到这类犯罪类话题。但是，这个题目还是会有不低的偏题率。首先，由于审题不细致，juvenile（青少年）这个词容易被忽略，因此，写作对象便被扩大成整个社会的犯罪。此外，increasing这个词也很重要，题目中提问的是“为什么会有越来越多的青少年犯罪”，体现了一个犯罪率上升的趋势，而不是单纯的“为什么会有犯罪”。所以，审题时应当注意一些细节信息的表达。

There are social， medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take？ Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones？注意题目中的第一问——这些问题是什么，应当分别从social、medical和technical三个角度分析手机使用带来的问题。但是，很多考生却错误地整体分析手机带来的消极影响，忽略了三个方面的分析。

四、审题步骤

基于以上分析，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议“烤鸭们”按以下步骤认真进行审题：

1. 通读一篇题目，了解话题和提问方式；

2. 细读题目，抽取题目中观点或对立观点；

3. 再读题目，着重划出关键词，辩论焦点或其它绝对词/句，限定词及increasing number of等需要引起高度关注的词句。

总体而言，雅思写作审题任务其实不难，也没什么高深的技巧。但是，很多学生由于粗心或者不懂得题目类别及各个类别的特点，看到似曾相识的题目，没有仔细审题，动笔就写，

结果导致偏题甚至跑题，最终拿到一个比自己预想低得多的成绩。因为，雅思写作题目虽然话题重复率很高，但是通常会在原有话题基础上做些小的调整和改动，那么，在审题环节不注意的烤鸭们就不知不觉地栽了个大跟斗。因此，朗阁海外考试研究中心温馨提醒众考生注意审题的重要性。

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