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美国社会生活——国家礼仪3(美国总统就职典礼)

美国社会生活——国家礼仪3(美国总统就职典礼)
美国社会生活——国家礼仪3(美国总统就职典礼)

美国社会生活——国家礼仪3(美国总统就职典礼)

美国总统就职典礼

美国实行总统内阁制,每四年选举一次总统,可连选连任一次。每当新总统当选后,便要举行总统就职典礼。这是美国政治生活中一项重大的庆典。

1937年2月6日,美国国会在颁布宪法第二十条修正案时,对总统就职日作出了规定:“总统与副总统之任期,应于原定任期届满之年1月20日终止……其继任者之任期即于是时开始。”从此1月20日就成为美国总统就职日,并于这一天举行就职仪式,进行总统就职宣誓。

但在1937年以前,美国宪法规定,当选总统的就职日是大选后翌年的3月4日。这是由于美国在选举年11月的大选选出的是各州的“总统选举人”,此后再由这些“选举人”于规定的时间在各州首府直接投票选举总统,选票进行封闭汇集,送交国会于翌年初进行公开点验计算,最后正式公布选举结果。这在18世纪末叶交通尚不发达的年代里是相当耗费时日的,因此当时的联邦国会便将3月4日定为总统就职日。

总统就职典礼中,最重要的就是就职宣誓,这是美国宪法中对,就职规定的唯一要求。其他仪式都只是年复一年积累起来的习俗和传统。

(一)早期总统的就职典礼

美国是世界上第一个实行总统制的国家。因此美国第一届总统乔治·华盛顿就职时没有任何先例可循。这次就职典礼简单而庄严,它既满足了美国人民对华盛顿的敬仰和崇拜之情,也适应了美国当时的经济状况,没有过分铺张。

华盛顿总统的就职典礼于1789年4月30日在纽约华尔街的联邦大厅举行。太阳初升时,13声礼炮轰然鸣响。华盛顿身穿美国自制的棕色细平布做的崭新西服,金属纽扣上镶有美国鹰徽。当他乘坐国会提供的四驾马车出现在人们面前时,群众向他发出热烈的欢呼。

走在四轮马车前面的是身穿军服的龙骑兵、炮兵和掷弹兵,国会的联合委员会成员陪伴在华盛顿总统左右。当总统到达参议院时,国会全体议员已聚集在大厅中。副总统约翰’亚当斯走上前来欢迎华盛顿,然后问他是否可以开始就职宣誓,华盛顿回答说,他已做好准备,于是二人一起走到俯瞰华尔街的阳台上。阳台上放着一张铺着鲜红台布的桌子,一本由圣约翰共济会提供的圣经放在天鹅绒垫子上。纽约市法官罗伯特·利文斯顿领读誓词,华盛顿摩下的两名老将军以及他的密友肃立两旁。

华盛顿把手放在圣经上,郑重地重复说:“我庄严宣誓,我将忠诚地履行美利坚合众国总统的职贡,尽最大的能力维护和保卫美国宪法。愿上帝保佑!”

接着利文斯顿领头喊道:“美国总统乔治.华盛顿万岁!”簇集在阳台下的人群也随之大声欢呼起来。在欢呼声中,美国新国旗缓缓升起在联邦大厅上空。炮队鸣礼炮致意,停泊在港口的舰队也鸣响礼炮,教堂的钟声经久不息。

美国第三届总统托马斯.杰佛逊是著名的平民化总统,他的就职典礼不同寻常。1801年3月4日清晨,华盛顿市阳光普照,杰佛逊象往常一样起身,穿上绿色短裤、灰色毛袜和灰色背心离开自己的住处,他步行穿过两条泥泞的街道,来到尚未完工的国会大厦。陪伴他的只有几位朋友和同事,没有马车,也没有任何豪华的排场。杰佛逊走进参议院,等侯在那里的国会议员起立,向他表示热烈欢迎。他走到桌边,和副总统握手后,便把手放在准备好的圣经上,宣誓就职。

今天的美国总统就职仪式比当年复杂得多。现在要邀请50个州的代表、各国使节、美国各行各业的代表、总统私人好友以及为其竞选出力的人参加典礼,并在为期一周的时间里举行各种招待会和庆祝活动;

(二)就职宣誓

1.总统就职宣誓

总统就职宣誓的地点是在国会大厦的东面门廊,仪式进行时,总统面对所有参加仪式者。为了确保宣誓仪式的庄严,国会于1905年决定成立由三名参议员和三名众议员组成的就职联合委员会,专门负责安排与宣誓仪式有关的事宜。

按照传统,就职宣誓由美国最高法院首席法官监督进行。乔治.华盛顿就职时,最高法院尚未成立,所以华盛顿的就职誓言是由当时纽约市法官罗伯特·利文斯顿领读的。

总统宣誓完毕后,海军乐队击鼓千下、鸣号四声向他致意。接着乐队高奏“欢呼领袖”。等到21响礼炮放过后;总统就开始就职演说。

2.副总统就职宣誓

副总统就职宣誓是在总统就职宣誓之前进行。气氛远不如总统就职宣誓那样庄严隆重。宣誓毕,副总统便立刻退到不引入注目的地方,等侯总统宣誓仪式开始。

美国参议院少数派领袖负责领读副总统誓词。副总统的就职誓词照例记载在参议院的章程上,内容是:“我(姓名)庄严地宣誓,我将支持和保卫美国宪法不受国内外敌人的侵犯,我将坚持和忠诚于真理;毅然承担自己的职责,毫无思想保留,毫不推诿责任;全心全意地履行我将就任的这一职务的责任。愿上帝保佑!”

(三)就职游行

1889年以前就职游行的形式是,总统宣誓完毕后,在人们簇拥下走向国会大厦。游行参加者主要是军人。自本杰明.哈里森总统就职时起游行路线有所改变,不是走向国会大厦,而是从国会大厦出发。后来这次游行路线被沿袭下来,成为一种传统。

当总统和副总统走上国会大厦前的检阅台时,浩浩荡荡的游行队伍便开始出发。走在游行队伍最前面的是产生新总统和副总统的州的代表,接下去是作为就职仪式主持人的华盛顿市市长。后面。各州依加入联邦的先后次序排列。海军乐队走在队伍当中,奏着激越雄壮的乐曲。各州州旗五彩斑澜地云集一起,增添了热烈的气氛。各州的队伍后面走着雄纠纠的武装部队、海岸警卫队和商船队,最后是代表各州各地区人民的彩车和乐队,花团锦簇,鼓乐喧天。这个就职游行构成就职活动中最热烈、最盛大的群众活动。

(四)就职典礼的组织安排

总统就职典礼活动,一般历时一周。活动纷繁、隆重,不可没有统一的组织领导。关键人物为总统就职委员会主席,只有名孚众望、具有杰出能力和丰富经验的人才有资格担任此职。其工作第一步是组织若干个委员会。为了安排好为期一周的就职活动,还需要数以千计的志愿者夜以继日地工作六个星期。竞选获胜党的成员和全国各行各业的代表都可充任这些委员会的工作人员。现在美国总统就职典礼都是安排在1月20日举行。如果碰巧这天是星期天,就在白宫的东厅先进行总统就职宣誓。其他活动,包括就职仪式则在次日以后进行。

就职周日程安排每次不同,因为每个总统有不同的见解和爱好。例如,1969年尼克松总统的就职典礼更为传统化,1977年卡特总统的就职活动安排则较为现代化。

美国历届总统就职演说词(George Bush)

Inaugural Address of George Bush FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1989 Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Quayle, Senator Mitchell, Speaker Wright, Senator Dole, Congressman Michel, and fellow citizens, neighbors, and friends: There is a man here who has earned a lasting place in our hearts and in our history. President Reagan, on behalf of our Nation, I thank you for the wonderful things that you have done for America. I have just repeated word for word the oath taken by George Washington 200 years ago, and the Bible on which I placed my hand is the Bible on which he placed his. It is right that the memory of Washington be with us today, not only because this is our Bicentennial Inauguration, but because Washington remains the Father of our Country. And he would, I think, be gladdened by this day; for today is the concrete expression of a stunning fact: our continuity these 200 years since our government began. We meet on democracy's front porch, a good place to talk as neighbors and as friends. For this is a day when our nation is made whole, when our differences, for a moment, are suspended. And my first act as President is a prayer. I ask you to bow your heads: Heavenly Father, we bow our heads and thank You for Your love. Accept our thanks for the peace that yields this day and the shared faith that makes its continuance likely. Make us strong to do Your work, willing to heed and hear Your will, and write on our hearts these words: "Use power to help people." For we are given power not to advance our own purposes, nor to make a great show in the world, nor a name. There is but one just use of power, and it is to serve people. Help us to remember it, Lord. Amen. I come before you and assume the Presidency at a moment rich with promise. We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better. For a new breeze is blowing, and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn; for in man's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree. A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be taken. There are times when the future seems thick as a fog; you sit and wait, hoping the mists will lift and reveal the right

美国人的礼仪

美国人的礼仪 1。在公众场合打喷嚏,要说excuse me, 周围人应说:bless you. 2。在狭窄通道(如图书馆书架之间)要求别人为你让路,应说:excuse me. 3。thank you尽量多说 4。公共场合室内严禁吸烟 5。乘坐公交车,下车时要感谢司机 6。老弱病残孕和女士优先 7。即使是陌生人,只要眼睛接触超过三秒钟,必须要向其问好 8。为残疾人士专用的设施,非残疾人士不可占用,除非有紧急措施 9。尽量不要在别人面前谈论政治,宗教,性别,肤色甚至性取向的话题,以免犯对方的禁忌 10。拜访他人住所之前,必须打电话通知 11。一般在9am-9pm之外的时间,不宜拜访或打电话至

私人住所 12。不要打听他人的私事 13。在银行等候服务,必须保持一米线的规定 (1)社交礼仪 美国人在待人接物方面,具有下述四个主要特点。 第一、随和友善,容易接近。 第二、热情开朗,不拘小节。 第三、城府不深,喜欢幽默。 第四、自尊心强,好胜心重。 (2)服饰礼仪 总体而言,美国人平时的穿着打扮不太讲究。崇尚自然,偏爱宽松,讲究着状体现个性,是美国人穿着打扮的基本特征。跟美国人打交道时,应注意对方在穿着打扮上的下列讲究,免得让对方产生不良印象。 第一、美国人非常注重意服装的整洁。 第二、拜访美国人时,进了门一定要脱下帽子和外套,美国人认为这是一种礼貌。 第三、美国人十分重视着装细节。

第四、在美国女性最好不要穿黑色皮裙。 第五、在美国,一位女士要是随随便便地在男士面前脱下自己的鞋子,或者撩动自己裙子的下摆,往往会令人产生成心引诱对方之嫌。 第六、穿睡衣、拖鞋会客,或是以这身打扮外出,都会被美国人视为失礼。 第七、美国人认为,出入公共场合时化艳妆,或是在大庭广众之前当众化妆补妆,不但会被人视为缺乏教养,而且还有可能令人感到“身份可疑”。 第八、在室内依旧戴着墨镜不摘的人,往往会被美国人视作“见不得阳光的人”。 (3)餐饮礼仪 美国人用餐的戒条主要有以下六条: 其一、不允许进餐时发出声响。 其二、不允许替他人取菜。 其三、不允许吸烟。 其四、不允许向别人劝酒。 其五、不允许当众脱衣解带。

社会生活礼仪基本知识

社会生活礼仪基本知识 社会生活礼仪是指人们在日常公共生活与相互交往中约定俗成并普遍遵循的基本行为规范。社会生活礼仪涉及个人及人际交往中仪表仪容、言谈举止、待人接物等方面的具体规则和惯用形式。作为公共生活中的“通用语言”,社会生活礼仪注重小节,以小见大。以下是小编跟大家分享社会生活礼仪基本知识,希望对大家能有所帮助! 1. 个人仪容有哪些基本要求? (1)发型得体。男性头发前不盖眉,侧不掩耳,后不及领。女性根据年龄、职业、场合的不同,梳理得当。 (2)面部清爽。男性宜每日剃须修面;女性宜淡妆修饰。保持口腔清洁。 (3)表情自然。目光温顺平和,嘴角略显笑意。 (4)手部清洁。定期修剪指甲并保持手部洁净。女性在正式场合不宜涂抹浓艳的指甲油。 2. 体态有哪些基本要求? (1)站姿:两眼平视前方,两肩自然放平,两臂自然下垂,挺胸收腹提臀。 (2)坐姿:保持上身直立,双腿自然并拢,切忌抖动腿脚。 (3)走姿:抬头挺胸收腹,双臂自然摆动,脚步轻盈

稳健。 不可在公共场所席地而坐。 单独用食指、中指指向他人是失礼的行为。 3. 着装的基本要求有哪些? (1)整洁合体。保持干净整洁,熨烫平整,穿着合体,纽扣齐全。 (2)搭配协调。款式、色彩、佩饰相互协调。不同款式、风格的服装,不应搭配在一起。 (3)体现个性。与个人性格、职业、身份、体形和肤色等特质相适应。 (4)随境而变。着装应该随着环境的不同而有所变化。同一个人在不同时间、不同场合,其着装款式和风格也应有所不同。 (5)遵守常规。遵循约定俗成的着装规矩。如:西装应在拆除袖口上的商标之后才可以穿着;西装外袋不应存放随身物件。 不可在公众场合光膀子、卷裤腿、穿睡衣。女性在办公场所不宜穿着吊带装、露脐装、超短裙、短裤等。 脖子比较短的人不适合穿着高领衫,体形较胖的人应尽量避免穿着横格子的上衣。 佩戴饰物要尊重当地文化和习俗。 4. 正式场合男士着装的礼仪有哪些?

美国生活社交礼仪文档18篇

美国生活社交礼仪文档18篇Social etiquette documents of American life 编订:JinTai College

美国生活社交礼仪文档18篇 小泰温馨提示:演讲是指在公众场合,以有声语言为主要手段,以体 态语言为辅助手段,针对某个具体问题,鲜明、完整地发表自己的见 解和主张,阐明事理或抒发情感,进行宣传鼓动的一种语言交际活动。本文档根据题材主题演讲内容要求展开说明,具有实践指导意义,便 于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。 本文简要目录如下:【下载该文档后使用Word打开,按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】 1、篇章1:美国生活社交礼仪一:说话有礼貌文档 2、篇章2:美国生活社交礼仪二:见面礼仪文档 3、篇章3:美国生活社交礼仪三:尊重个人稳私文档 4、篇章4:美国生活社交礼仪四:礼让妇女文档 5、篇章5:美国生活社交礼仪五:守法与公德文档 6、篇章6:美国生活社交礼仪六:看场合穿衣服文档 7、篇章7:美国生活社交礼仪七:宴客重气氛文档 8、篇章8:美国生活社交礼仪八:大人聚会,小孩免请文档 9、篇章9:美国生活社交礼仪九:礼轻情意重文档

10、篇章10:美国生活社交礼仪十:喜爱宠物文档 11、篇章11:美国生活社交礼仪十一:美国人的称谓与签名文档 12、篇章12:美国生活社交礼仪十二:付小费表谢意文档 13、篇章13:美国生活社交礼仪十三:乐捐与义工文档 14、篇章14:美国生活社交礼仪十四:体贴主人的访客文档 15、篇章15:美国生活社交礼仪十五:日常生活文档 16、篇章16:大学生社交礼仪素质现状一:和教师相处的现状文档 17、篇章17:大学生社交礼仪素质现状二:和学生相处的现状文档 18、篇章18:大学生社交礼仪素质现状三:在其他校园生活中的现状文档 对于留学生来说,多了解一些美国的习俗与社交礼仪,将会对你适应美国生活有很多大帮助。以下是小泰为大家整理的,有关美国生活的社交礼仪,希望大家喜欢。 篇章1:美国生活社交礼仪一:说话有礼貌文档

什么是社会生活礼仪

什么是社会生活礼仪 1、什么是社会生活礼仪? 社会生活礼仪,是人们在公共生活和相互交往中约定俗成、普遍遵循的基本行为规范,涉及个人和人际交往中仪表仪容、言谈举止、待人接物等方面的具体规则和惯用形式。 2、学习、践行社会生活礼仪应体现怎么样的基本要求: (1)相互尊重、真诚相待。既要通过良好的礼仪修养,展现自尊自信;也要常怀敬人之心,给他人充分礼遇,不伤他人尊严,不侮辱他人人格。要诚实守信,表里如一,以真诚为纽带,促进人与人之间信息传递、情感交流、思想沟通。 (2)宽容大度、严于律己。要心胸豁达,宽以待人,多为他人着想,多做助人之事,容人之短,谅人之过。要按照礼仪规范待人处世,注意自己该做什么,不该做什么,己所不欲,勿施于人。 (3)把握分寸、尊重差异。要以平等态度对待交往对象,一视

同仁,大方得体,把握好度。要了解不同的国情、民族、文化背景,尊重对方的风俗、习惯、禁忌。 (4)身体力行、注重养成。行是知之始,知是行之成。要在实践中体验和养成礼仪规范,从日常做起,从点滴做起,日积月累,形成习惯。 3、以下关于西装的说法中,哪种是错误的?(b) a.西装袖口上的商标应在拆除后才可以穿着。 b.西服上衣的袖子要比里面的衬衫袖子长一些。 c.西装的外袋不宜存放物品。 4、以下关于正式场合女士着上衣的说法,哪种是错误的?(c) a、上衣讲究平整挺括 b、纽扣应全部系上 c、多使用饰物和花边进行点缀

5、参加自助餐宴请,再次取菜时应做到(c) a.为减少服务员麻烦,应继续使用刚刚用过的餐盘 b.换个座位,更换全套餐具 c.不使用已经用过的餐盘,使用新的餐盘 6、参加宴请时,如不慎将酒水或汤汁溅到异性身上,以下哪种做法不符合礼仪?(b) a.立刻表示歉意 b.亲自为其擦拭 c.请服务员帮助 7、宴请敬酒时,以下那种做法不符合礼仪(c) a、主人先为主宾斟酒,若有长辈或者贵客在座,主人也应先为他们斟酒

美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿

美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿(英文,中文版) 美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿(英文版) President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends: This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment. And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply. Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men. True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation

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(4)习俗禁忌 国花:玫瑰 国树:山楂 国鸟:白头雕 国石:蓝宝石 最喜欢的颜色:白色 最讨厌的数字:13和3 忌讳:白色百合花不可作为礼物送人 美国文化习俗杂谈(一) 美国文化,从某种意义上说,是欧洲文化的延伸,因为美国人的语言、她的人口构成,以及她的立国精神都源于欧洲。另一方面,美国文化又与欧洲不同,因为欧洲移民在北美大陆上驱赶走印第安人后,在一片荒芜旷野之地创造了令人赞叹不已的灿烂文明。所以,在谈论美国文化习俗与社交礼义时,既要顾及欧美文化的相同性,又要注意两者的相异性。 文化习俗是个围广泛、容复杂的题目,涉及人在社会生活和交往中的方方面面。笔者拟定以杂谈的形式,就美国人的文化习俗作一粗浅概述。 宽容性 美国是个移民之国,它的祖先来自于全球各地。人们移居美国时,不仅仅在地理位置上挪动一下,而且还把他们所在国的评议和风俗习惯带到了新的居住地。因为杂,人们各自的差异十分突出;因为差异十分普遍,人们就不特别注重统一性。久而久之,美国人的文化习俗中形成了较高程度的宽容性(tolerance),对异质文化和不同评议持容忍、可接受的态度。在这一点上,美国社会里可行的习俗要比世界上其他国家来得宽泛。 从政治上讲,这种宽容性表现在对自由的追求和对自由权利的维护。从上说,它体现在不同信仰的和谐共存。从生活围上看,它显现在不同和族、不同族裔社区的平安相处。一言以蔽之,在美国,每个人基本上可以任意选择不同的观念、信仰、生活方式和传统习惯;人们也可以在相当程度上保持自己的习俗和仪。譬如,犹太人可以庆祝他们的节日,而基督教徒则能够他们的圣诞节和复活节。再譬如,美人可以在唐人街用华语生活和工作;同样的道理,越南移民能够在他们的“小西贡”按越南的方式经营业务,从事各种活动。 美国人的容忍性,除了上面的美国是个移民国这个因素以外,还与美国人的频繁迁徙有关。众所周知,美国历史发展中的一个重要部分是她的西部开发史。那时,美国拓荒者或徒步跋

1933年美国总统罗斯福就职演说

First Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1933 I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our Nation impels. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment. Yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply. Primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men. True they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They know only the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish. The money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of the restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit. Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves and to our fellow men. Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live. Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources. Hand in hand with this we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land. The task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure

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2013年奥巴马就任总统演讲2013.1.21(中英文版)

视频参考 https://www.docsj.com/doc/6310977101.html,/p/news/w/v/2013-01-22/052261982905.html Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable r ights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth. The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed. For more than two hundred years, we have. Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together. Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。 Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play. Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune. Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone. Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.

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