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高考英语语法讲解及考点练习句子种类含解析

高考英语语法讲解及考点练习：

句子种类

重难点分析

句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。高考重点要求考生：1.掌握陈述句的基本用法；2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的应答；3.掌握祈使句的构成及作用；4.掌握感叹句的用法和构成；5.分清简单句、并列句和复合句的类型。考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握对提高书面表达的准确性也显得尤为重要。

一、句子种类

二、简单句的五种基本句型

三、并列句和并列连词

注意：when作并列连词，常译为“就在这时”，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生另一事”。如：I was walking in the park with my parents when I saw two foreigners. 我和父母在公园散步，就在这时我看到了两个外国人。

四、感叹句

1. 感叹句的用法：表示说话人强烈的感情。

2. 注意：(1)在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不可用“How+形容词”构成感叹句，而应用“What+形容词+复数可数名词或不可数名词”。也就是说“How+形容词”可置于带不定冠词的单数名词之前构成感叹句。如：What great changes we have had these years! 这些年我们的变化真大啊！(不可说成How great changes we have had these years!)

(2) 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：

What a nice present! (省略it is)

How disappointed! (省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)

五、祈使句

表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。谓语动词无时态与数的变化，用动词原形。祈使句一般用降调，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转，可用低升调，祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。

1. 祈使句有两种主要类型，即含有第二人称和带有第一、三人称主语的祈使句。每种类型又有肯定形式和否定形式。用don’t否定时，通常只能用其缩略式。

2. 注意：

① 第二人称主语通常不表示出来，有时为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令，主语也可表示出来，这时主语需要重读。

② 第一人称祈使句可在let前面加do，表示强调，而第三人称祈使句不可以。如：

Do let me have another try. 请务必让我再试试。

注意以下两句的区别：

Don’t let the children make much noise. 不要让孩子发出大的噪声。

Let the children not make much noise. 让孩子不要发出大的噪声。

③ 为了使祈使句听起来比较客气、婉转，除了用低升调外，还可用下列方法：

a. 在句首或句末加please。如：

Please give me a hand. 请帮一下忙。

Lend me your dictionary, please. 请把你的字典借给我。

b. 在句末加will you。如：

Read the text, will you? 读一下课文好吗？

c. please和will you同时使用。如：

Be careful, please, will you? 请小心些，行吗？

d. 句末用would you则更加客气。如：

Shut the window, would you? 关上窗户，行吗？

e. 句末加won’t you, can’t you, why don’t you。如：

Turn down the radio, wo n’t you? 关小声一点收音机，好吗？

Take it away, can’t you? 拿走，不行吗？

Be patient, why don’t you? 耐心点，难道不行吗？

六、反意疑问句

反意疑问句由陈述句和简略问句构成。当陈述句为肯定时，简略问句用否定；当陈述句为否定时，简略问句用肯定。同时简略问句的主语和陈述句保持一致，只能用人称代词或it(there除外)，简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句保持一致，如果是否定，一定要用简写。如：

Jim isn’t a student, is he? 吉姆不是一名学生，是吗？

There are some books in it, aren’t there? 它里面有一些书，不是吗？

七、复合句

复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在在复合句中的作用，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(见专题13、14、15讲解)

考点练透

一、完成下面的反意疑问句

1. Catherine is a girl’s name, ___________?

2. I am a teacher, ___________?

3. There’s little water in the glass, ___________?

4. Don’t take the book out of the library, ___________?

5. He’ll never forget it, ___________?

6. Let’s have a rest, ___________?

7. I think Kate speaks English well, ___________?

8. That boy must be Tom, ___________?

9. He can hardly swim, ___________?

10. Everyone in your family is a teacher, ___________?

二、完成下面的感叹句（根据需要可以加上a或an）

1. ___________ nice music it is!

2. ___________ that boy missed his mother!

3. ___________ great fun it is to hike!

4. ___________ beautiful parks there are in Shanghai!

5. ___________ good the soup tastes!

6. ___________ useful subject Chinese is!

7. ___________ bad weather it is today!

8. ___________ happy life we’re living today!

9. ___________ lovely deer they are!

10. ___________ bad cold you’ve got!

三、汉译英将下面的汉语句子翻译成英文。

1. 请务必提醒她早点回来。________________________________________

2. 请你安静一会儿。________________________________________

3. 让我告诉你答案吧。________________________________________

4. 不要让任何人打扰你。________________________________________

5. 请再给他一次机会。________________________________________

6. 禁止吐痰。/ 禁止乱扔垃圾。/ 禁止吃喝。________________________________________

7. 不要在教室里吃东西。________________________________________

8. 对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。________________________________________

9. 绝不能以貌取人________________________________________

10. 勿践草坪。________________________________________

四、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are over 800 boarding schools in the UK with students from home and foreign countries. Boarding schools 1 (start) hundreds of years ago in the country. 2 the earliest boarding schools were set up for white, rich boys only. Now 3 boys and girls have access to boarding schools from 7 to 18.

In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, 4 13 weeks in each term. Students study and live together. They can’t go outside 5 they are not allowed to. In addition to the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, 6 music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. Most boarding schools have a “light out” time. So 7 it is time to go to bed, all the lights in the bedrooms are turned off. There are house-masters 8 (take) care of students all the time, especially after school hours.

Nearly all students at boarding schools wear 9 school uniform. Boys usually wear a shirt and a tie, and girls wear a white blouse, sometimes also a tie and a skirt. As students get 10 (old), the rules become less strict.

助读词汇

house-master n. 舍监 school uniform 校服

boarding school 寄宿学校 set up 建立；设立

have access to 可以使用/进入 in addition to 除了……之外

from home and foreign countries/abroad 来自国内外

参考答案

考点练透

一、完成下面的反意疑问句

1. isn’t it

2. aren’t I

3. is there

4. will you

5. will he

6. shall we

7. doesn’t she

8. isn’t he

9. can he 10. aren’t they / isn’t he

二、完成下面的感叹句（根据需要可以加上a或an）

1. What

2. How

3. What

4. What

5. How

6. What a

7. What

8. What a

9. What 10. What

三、汉译英

1. Be sure to remind her to come back early.

2. Be quiet for a moment.

3. Let me tell you the answer.

4. Don’t let anyone disturb you.

5. Do give him another chance.

6. No spitting. / No littering. / No eating or drinking.

7. Don’t eat in the classroom.

8. Let’s not say anything about it.

9. Never judge a person by looks.

10. Keep off the grass.

四、语法填空

本文作者简单介绍了英国寄宿学校的情况。

1. started 动词start在此句中显然作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态，由hundreds of years ago

可知用一般过去式，语态明显是主动语态。

2. But 由后面的were set up for white, rich boys only不难得知，此处存在一个转折关系，不填But，注意大写。高考规定，不大写不给分。

3. both 惯用搭配，both…and…意为“……和……都”，此题较为容易。2013年高考也考查了类似搭配(neither…nor… 既不……，也不……)。因此，对于这些常用的搭配和习惯用语，同学们一定要熟记。

4. with 此空与后面的13 weeks in each term在整个句子中不作主语也不作宾语，一般常填介词。表示“在……中有……；带有……”，常用with。如：I bought a house last year, with two bedrooms and a dining hall.

5. if 空的前后分别是两个分句，一定是填连接词。再分析句意，显然此处存在一个条件关系，故填if。

6. including 从语法角度分析同第4题。前面的facilities是“总”，后面罗列的事物是“分”，故填including，意为“包括”。(提示：including是介词，并不是非谓语动词)。

7. when 空后分别是两个分句，故肯定是填连接词。再从句意分析不难得知，此处是填when引导的时间状语从句。

8. to take 分析句子成分得知，take在此处作非谓语。那只考虑三种形式：-ing, -ed和不定式。此处并不是表示正在发生的动作，故只能填不定式作后置定语。

9. a 不定冠词的基本用法，表“一套……”。

10. older 从后面的less strict不难得知，此处要填older。类似的题，如果括号中的词是形容词，那要么是考比较等级，要么就是词类转化题。句意：随着学生年龄渐长，规则就变得不那么严格了。

初中英语语法——句子成分及其他

句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1）主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、数词，不定式，动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首，还可用“It”作形式主语（如主语从句） 2）谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。谓语可分为两大类：简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语，不管什么时态，语态，语气，都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合结构；一是带表语的复合结构。 3）表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、代词，数词，形容词、副词、介词，介词短语，不定式，动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。4）宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、数词，名词化的形容词，名词化的分词，不定式，动名词，从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式，形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 6）定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7）同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释，说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词，代词，数词和从句等。 8）句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。第一讲主语【语法讲解】主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如： 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词（例如1）、代词（例如2）、数词（例如3）、动词不定式（例如4）、动名词（例如5）和主语从句（例如6）。注：当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.

高考语法精华讲解

江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷（江西师大附中使用）高三理科数学分析一、整体解读试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。 1．回归教材，注重基础试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。 2．适当设置题目难度与区分度选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。 3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。二、亮点试题分析 1．【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点，且满足AB AC → → =，则A BA C →→ ?的最小值为（） A ．1 4- B ．12- C ．34- D ．1-

高考英语语法知识点总结

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