英语4级考试重点
英语是一个重结构的语言，要求句子必须符合句法结构的要求。用来规定句法结构的一些原则也就是我们常说的语法。英语中的语法条文比较多，总的来说可分为两大类，即词法和句法。具体说来，有情态动词的用法，形容词和副词的比较级用法，非谓语动词的用法，时态和语态，定语从句，状语从句，虚拟语气，名词性从句，倒装，强调与并列，主谓一致等。经过统计，95年1月到2000年6月，仅词汇和句法部分对语法的考查就有190题，占52.8%，其中以非谓语动词、虚拟语气、时态/语态、状语从句和定语从句考查最多。今天这一讲我们重点讲时态/语态、虚拟语气和各种从句，下一讲重点讲非谓语动词等。
一、时态和语态
英语中共有16个时态，最常用的是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在和过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。但从95年以来的考题统计来看，15个时态考题中将来完成最多，占3题，时态考查的次序依次为将来完成时--- 过去完成时 --- 现在完成进行时 --- 现在完成时 --- 一般将来 --- 一般过去。先看以下各题：
Test Yourself:
1) My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ___ by then.(1999.1)
A. would leave
B. will have left
C. has left
D. had left
2) She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ____ too long. (2000.1)
A. has been reading
B. had read
C. is reading
D. read
3) "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?" (2000.6)
"I'm sorry. Mr. Williams ____ to a conference long before then."
A. will have gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. has gone
4) Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _____today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.(1997.1)
A. are to challenge
B. may be challenged
C. have been challenged
D. are challenged
5) Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (1996.6)
A. would be
B. has been
C. had been
D. would have been
6) He came back late, ____ which time all the guest had already left.(1999.6)
A. after
B. by
C. at
D. during
7) Until then, his family ______from him for six months. (1997.1)
A. didn't hear
B. hasn't been hearing
C. hasn't heard
D. hadn't heard
Explanation and Expansion
A：参考答案：1）B 2）A 3）A 4）C 5）C 6）B 7）D
B：评析：
1) 以上各题都与完成时有关，完成时态用来表示到某一个时间为止已经完成的动作或某个状态/动作一直持续到某个时间。如果时间为过去，则用过去完成时，即表示过去的过去，如5）和7）。
2) 如果表示到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作，则用将来完成时，如1）和3），再如：
It's reported that by the end of the month the output of cement in the factory ____ about 10%.
A. will have risen
B. has risen
C. will be rising
D. has been rising
3) 而现在完成时表示到目前为止某个动作已经结束，对现在有影响，如4）。从下文中的"正在修改"可以判断人们已经对牛顿的观点提出挑战，而不是将要提出挑战或者可能提出挑战，由此可以判断应该用现在完成时。
4) 与现在完成时不同，现在完成进行时则表示某个动作从过去持续到现在，并且仍在进行，如2）。头疼的原因是看书时间太长。本题可以用现在完成时，但不会是过去完成时，选项B不对，一般现在时表示经常发生的动作，与这里的头疼不能构成直接的因果关系，由于时间状语表示的是一段时间，有不可能是现在进行时，所以这里只能用现在完成进行时。
C．完成时态使用注意事项
①完成时的时间状语一般表示"到……为止"，以"by"短语居多。如果句中的时间状语是由by引出的短语或从句，谓语动词一般是用完成时态，如：
By the time we got there, the fire had already been put out.
We'll have completed the task by the time you come back.
②在完成时态中，终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而表示状态或动作持续的谓语动词必须与表示一段时间的状语连用。The conference ____ a full week by the time it ends
A. must have lasted
B. will have lasted
C. would last
D. has lasted (1997.1)
It seems oil ___ form this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A. had leaked
B. is leaking
C. leaked
D. has been leaking (1997.6)
这两题中都有表示动作持续的一段时间，应该用完成时态。
但是，如果只表示状态已经存在，则不能用完成时态，如：
By then, he knew what he waned to be when he grew up.
③完成时可以用来表示量的积累。
④对于完成时的考查有两种，一种是时态本身的选择，另一种是根据时态选择时间状语，如6）。从句时态为过去完成时，表示等到他回来，客人都已经离开了，与完成时态连用的，表示"到……为止"的应该是介词by。
Test Yourself
刚才我们看了完成时态的考查，现在我们一块来看以下其它时态，请先试做以下各题：
1) Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy, balanced families.
A. are often seeing
B. often see
C. will often see
D. have often seen (1995.6)
2) While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _____ the newspaper completely.
A. replaced
B. have replaced
C. replace
D. will replace (1995.6)
3) I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you ____.
A. for a moment
B. in a moment
C. for the moment
D. at the moment (1999.1)
4) If she doesn't tell him the truth now, he'll simply keep on asking her until she _____.
A. does
B. has done
C. will do
D. would do (1998.6)
Explanation and Expansion
A. 参考答案： 1）C 2） D 3） B 4） A
B. 评析
从以上各题可以看到，在解时态考题时应注意一下几点：
①结合形容词选择时态，如2）。从unlikely一词可以看出从句表示的是将来不大可能发生的事情，自然用一般将来时。类似的形容词还有possible, probable, impossible等。
②根据时态判断时间状语。如3）。谓语动词为将来时态，说明时间应该是in a moment，表示我一会就去见你。for a moment同样可以与将来时态连用，但表示的是"与某人一块待一小会"，这样就与上文的I can't see you immediately意思上冲突。
③注意句型对时态的要求，如1）。该句型中祈使句表示一种条件，第二个分句中一般要用will表示在这种条件下可能发生的事情。但是，本题中often的使用可能会造成一定的迷惑。这就要求考生对各种时态的表达方式，以及其作用了解清楚。Will可以表示习惯。
④注意时间、条件和让步状语从句中时态的运用。
一般在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来，用一般过去时表示过去将来，用现在完成时表示将来完成，用过去完成
时表示过去将来完成。如4）。在如：
He promised to send me an email as soon as he got there.
No one is to leave the room until he has done the task.
但注意特殊句型中的时态，如：
hardly/scarcely …when…
no sooner… than…
Hardly had I put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.
No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy a drink.
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Brainstormig 1.认真看题，确认所给题目为提纲式（with given outline) 还是开放式(without outline). 2. 根据确定的题目类型，从大脑的资料库中选出适合的模板。 3.对于开放型的题目，要认真的理解（interpretation / comprehension), 抓住讨论的 核心，不要仅停留在现象表面。 开放型的题目的文章设计： 1.阐释从现象挖掘到的问题核心（或通过现象向我们传达的道理） ↓古今论证 2.举例论证：↗中外论证 ↘正反论证※ 3.归纳总结（或对自身的启迪） 提纲式作文题目的文章设计： 1. 指出现象或话题（表述题目）,+ 举例说明（或产生的意义，影响） ↓ 2. 分析原因：主题句+“ 你”“我”“它” + 总结 ↓ 3. 我的观点+ 建议或另一个原因 对立观点式 1．A．点明文章主题 2．B．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？ 3．C．我的看法。 Nobody could deny the fact /phenomenon that … Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X outweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned positive effects it might bring about, X also may 一个好处。 社会问题式 Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that ________(问题的对象)have
大学英语四级考试卷子要点整理
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(一) 单词： corresponding 相应的 trillion 万亿 diesel 柴油 aisle 过道 alliance 联盟 macaroni 通心粉 reverse 颠倒 prescribe 开药方substantially 基本上 obesity 肥胖 paradigm 范式 inflammation 炎症 extracted 抽取 aquifers 地下蓄水层depth 深度 desalinating 脱盐 pumping 抽取 coastal 沿海的 drill 钻 ethical 伦理的 句子： Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? 如果一个孩子跑过马路，应该避免撞到他们的车吗？ It is one thing to AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. 在一个有明确规则和明确目标的游戏中，人工智能是一回事。
He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. 他说，无论结果如何，人们都将是赢家。 The team at Stamford investigated the aquifers below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought. 斯坦福德的研究小组调查了这一深度以下的含水层，发现储量可能是先前认为的三倍。 New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2700 billion cubic meters of freshwater. 新估计的水资源储量现在达到27000亿立方米淡水。 2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题（一）renovation 翻新 solarcentury 太阳的investor 投资者 fossil 化石 fuel 燃料 skyscraper 摩天大楼 per 每 ethos 观念 monopoly 垄断 digital 数字的eliminate 消除 dementia 痴呆症cognitive 认知的
(完整word版)大学英语四级短语及常用词组大全
四级短语及常用词组大全 1.With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下 2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3.at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4.in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5.lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以～～名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，支持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上 13. in the course of 在～～过程中 in the middle of 在～中间 in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里 in the face of 面对～，尽管，纵使 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在～～前夕 on the side of 在～～一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在～～的时候 by the time 到～～的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔
大学英语四级作文_十大必备范文
四级写作网络课堂十大必背范文 1、网络游戏 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)现在有些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡， 2)但有人认为网络游戏并非一无是处， 3)你的看法。 Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly. From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a reasonable way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. Yet if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them. 2、考证热 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Certificate Craze on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)近几年大学校园内出现“考证热”， 2)产生这一现象的原因， 3)你的看法。 Certificate Craze on Campus In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Why does this craze appear? There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon. To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. How can one make himself more competitive?More certificates at hand, maybe. Furthermore, diploma and certificates a re still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability. In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another. From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily pro ve one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is
大学英语四级考试技巧重点总结(最新)
大学英语四级考试,是每个大学生都要过的一项英语水平考试。 那么如何顺利复习考过英语四级,有哪些英语四级考试技巧和经验总结呢? 接下来就给大家详细讲讲这些问题吧,希望对大家复习英语四级有所帮助。 一、英语四级考试听力技巧 备考听力,要先复习好听力。 在平时的复习中,可以充分利用琐碎时间练习。 然后只要掌握一定的英语四级考试技巧,听力就能拿到高分。 英语四级考试听力技巧可概括为以下3点: 第一就是听前预测。 大家可以在听力开始播放之前就快速浏览一遍题目,划出题干和选项中的关键词,这样可以大致推测出这篇文章的主题是什么。 第二就是记笔记。 大家在听的时候要及时记下和题目有关的关键信息,这样做题时就能够快速定位正确选项,而不用每道题都回想半天。 第三就是要特别注意试题的排列次序。 因为四级听力题常常将小题按录音材料的内容排列顺序。 所以如果没有时间预先阅读选项或时间不宽裕,大家也可以边听录音边依次浏览选项,同时进行思考、答题。 二、英语四级考试翻译技巧 英语四级考试翻译题型与听力,阅读,写作相比不一样。 因为,其它几部分只需要提升英语水平即可。 而翻译,不仅需要扎实的英语基础,更需要深厚的中文功底。 英语基础知识的夯实,你可以在真题中学习。
真题资料可以帮你逐句精解单词和语法知识,词汇注释和语法知识详细到可以不用查阅任何资料。 能为你的复习节省大量的时间,大大提高你的复习效率。 翻译做题技巧: 1.翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。 2.为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,汉语中也经常会出现排比句。 在翻译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略。 3.注意词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。 4.要注意语态之间的转换。汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。 5.在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时,可以考虑分译,以使译文简洁,通俗易懂。 三、英语四级考试写作技巧 英语四级写作复习技巧之前,建议大家多学习四级范文。 写作考试技巧: 1.卷面整洁,不要做涂改。 2.少用模板、少说空话,多些现场发挥,这点要求你要注意平时积累。 建议大家背点开头、结尾的万能句型,积累一些好的写作语料,四级作文就成了。 相关文章： 1.英语知识 2.30%的英文 3.英语资料下载 4.英语最实用口语100句
大学英语四级短语及常用词组大全
大学英语四级短语及常用词组大全． 四级短语及常用词组大全 1.With the help of 在～～帮助下under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下
2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3.at 目前present=at the present time for the present 暂时 4.in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 在世界上under the sun 同～～接5.l lie on ie in 位于～～之内位于～～之外壤 lie to 丝least least 6. at 至少 in
the 毫，一点 in the name of 名叫7. by name 以～～名义the on air in 8. the 空中，在流传 air 播出9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 在某点上，在某种程度上in a way get one's own way to do 随心所欲 让步，屈服give way 路迷way s 'one lose by the way 顺便说一下 on one's way to 在去～～的路上Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in
the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上）11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 在～～开始时at the beginning of 持支～在～背后，back at the of ～～岁时at the age of
大学英语四级作文范文30篇99029
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend t he teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teachers’ effectiveness. Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it. They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students’ rating forms. Students sh ould not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject. These judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers’ colleagues. I think students’ rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers’ performance. Instead of rating the teachers’ knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, an d to report on such things as a teacher’s ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students’ interest in the subject. 点评：越来越多的高校采取让学生给老师打分的形式来了解教学反馈，并以此作为促进教学质量的有效手段。对此做法，管理部门及教学双方褒贬不一，看法迥异。本范例题为校园生活热议话题，值得关注。
大学英语四级考试的考点有哪些知识点汇总
英语四级考试的考点有哪些 一、语法部分考查重点 1 、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时； It is vital／necessary／important／urgent ／imperative ／desirable ／advisable ／natural ／essential ＋that ＋（ should ）动词原形； proposal ／suggestion ＋that ＋动词原形； It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时； lest ＋that ＋should ＋动词原形； if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。 2 、状语从句的考点为： 非if 引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times ，provided ，so long as ，in case ，once 等来替代if ； 由 even if ／so，now that ，for all 等引导的让步状语从句； just ／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than ，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比 较状语从句。 3 、独立主格结构：多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。 4 、情态动词：多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句：重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和 as 作为关系代词。 二、词汇部分考查重点 1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如： popular ／patient ＋with ；yield ／s olution ／adapt ／transfer ／access ＋to ；accuse／require ＋ of ；charge ＋for ；under ＋discussion等等。 2、习惯用法如： confess to ／set about ／be used to ＋doing ；be supposed to ／have／make sb．＋ do 等。 3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set ，break 等构成的短语。 4、单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词 的形式出现。 5、介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of ；with the exception of ；in vain 等，另外还应注意rather than ，other than ，such as，none／nothing ＋but 等词在考题中的出现。 三、英语四级重要词组 1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey) 忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from . 缺席，不在 3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of) 吸引的注意力 ( 被动语态 )be absorbed i n全神贯注于近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered