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大学英语四级模拟题一含答案

大学英语四级模拟题一含答案
大学英语四级模拟题一含答案

大学英语四级模拟题一

Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Media Selection for Advertisements

After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.

Television

Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.

Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的)than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.

Newspapers

After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation(发行量)by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.

Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they

develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.

Radio

Advertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor billboards(广告牌)and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.

Two major changes---satellite and Internet radio---will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.

Magazines

Newsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s othe r readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.

Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed(分散)than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.

Out-of-home advertising

Out-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.

Internet

As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.

Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust

their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.

Direct mail

A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.

1. Television is attractive advertising medium in that ________.

A. it has large audiences

B. it appeals to housewives

C. it helps build up a company’s reputation

D. it is affordable to most advertisers

2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.

A. the cost of TV advertising has decreased

B. the number of TV viewers has increased

C. advertisers’ interest in other media has decreased

D. the number of TV ads people can see has increased

3. Compared with television, newspaper as an advertising medium ________.

A. earn a larger annual ad revenue

B. convey more detailed messages

C. use more production techniques

D. get messages out more effectively

4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because ________.

A. more local radio stations have been set up

B. modern technology makes it more entertaining

C. it provides easy access to consumers

D. it has been revolutionized by Internet radio

5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to ________.

A. reach target audiences

B. appeal to educated people

C. attract diverse audiences

D. convey all kinds of messages

6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because ________.

A. billboards can be replaced within two hours

B. consumers travel more now than ever before

C. such ads have been made much more attractive

D. the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays

7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.

A. quick to update

B. pleasant to look at

C. easy to remember

D. convenient to access

8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to

be_________________.

9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop_______________.

10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ______ __ for advertisements. (8-10题答案请写在答题纸上)

Part II Listening Comprehension (35%) Section A (15%)

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

11. A. To reach US$13 million. B. To reach US$30 million.

C. To reach US$300 million.

D. To reach US$3 million.

12. A.80%. B. 60%. C. 50%. D. 70%.

13. A.160. B. 60. C. 116. D. 106.

14. A. Meet Mr. Wilson. B. Make a cup of tea.

C. Give Mr. Milson a call.

D. Write down the number.

15. A. The man does not need a car to get around.

B. The man lives far away from the subway.

C. The man is not good at driving.

D. The man enjoys driving a car.

16. A. It is attractive. B. It is exciting.

C. It is boring.

D. It is important.

17. A. Stay at home and complete the paper on her own.

B. Save time by using Mary’s computer.

C. Buy a computer herself.

D. Borrow Mary’s computer.

18. A. Talk to the boss. B. Restart the discussion.

C. Have a fresh mind.

D. Have a break.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A. Her mother. B. Her friend.

C. Her husband.

D. Herself.

20. A. A 40 percent discount. B. A 10 percent discount.

C. A 15 percent discount.

D. A 20 percent discount.

21. A. 40 dollars. B. 48 dollars.

C. 60 dollars.

D. 54 dollars.

22. A. Because the woman has only 47 dollars.

B. Because there’s a button missing on the blouse.

C. Because it is the last blouse.

D. Because it is the special offer for this week.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A. In the dining hall. B. In the room.

C. In the Rainbow Bar.

D. Not given.

24. A. Room 610. B. Room 061.

C. Room 106.

D. Room 601.

25. A. In a motel. B. In a hotel.

C. In a dormitory.

D. In a bar.

Section B (10%)

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.

B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.

C. The United States is a country of immigrants.

D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.

27. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.

B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.

C. They can practice speaking foreign languages there.

D. They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.

28. A. The couple cooks the dishes and the children help them.

B. The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.

C. The mother does the cooking while the father and the children wait on the guests.

D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A. Their family members. B. Their relatives.

C. Their closed friends.

D. Strangers.

30. A. To get advice. B. To subscribe.

C. To place an advertisement.

D. To apply for membership.

31. A. They are two well-known writers who give advice.

B. They are two famous doctors.

C. They are two lawyers.

D. They are two professors at the New York State University.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A. At 7:00. B. At 7:50.

C. On time.

D. Behind its time.

33. A. To take a taxi to St. Louis.

B. To take a bus to St. Louis.

C. To carry his bags and hurry to the Union Station.

D. To get off before Union Station and take a taxi.

34. A. He managed to catch the train he needed.

B. He failed to catch the train to St. Louis.

C. As soon as he got on the train it began to leave the station.

D. Thanks to the porter’s help, he was in time for the train.

35. A. Late Again. B. A Helpful Conductor.

C. At the Union Station.

D. Conductor, Porter and I.

Section C (10%)

Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. (答案请写在答题纸上)

Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work (36) __________. Their jobs may even require them to take (37) __________ business trips. Most companies provide an (38) __________ vacation for their employees and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget (39) __________ excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more (40) __________tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great (41) __________ appeals to adventurous types.

Most Americans prefer to travel within their nation’s borders. Why? For one thing, it’s cheaper than traveling (42) __________ and there’s no language problems. But besides that, the vast American territory offers numerous tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, canyons, lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. (43) __________ cities offer visitors a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways, (44) ___________________ makes travel in America as easy as pie.

Many American vacations are as unique as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with (45) _____________________. More and more “family friendly”vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer “green vacations”. Some people find sea cruises (46) _______________________________. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting.

Part III Reading Comprehension (20%) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Part-time jobs are nothing new to us college students. It is common for students to practice their salesmanship when they have free time. However, I was extremely shocked when I learned

one of our teachers had also joined in the profit-making business.

She is our physical education teacher. The other day she publicly commented on the pimples (丘疹) on a student’s face and then presented the girl with a sample bottle of nameless face cream.

According to the teacher, the face cream was produced in France. Each small bottle costs more than 40 yuan. From my viewpoint, it is a complete waste of money to buy such thing. “Why don’t you decline and refuse to buy it?” I suggested to the girl. She signed, “If I do that, I am afraid that my teacher may give me a lower mark in PE.” In other words, as long as she made a good deal with the teacher, an “excellent” on her PE course would follow.

I was depressed. The teacher abused her social role. Her priority should be to give us proper education and training. Instead, she is trying to make a profit from us. She is unfit to be a good “engineer in cultivat ing the spirit of mankind”.

47. The idea for students to do part-time jobs is _________.

A. unheard

B. uncommon

C. surprising

D. not fresh

48. The teacher made a comment on the pimples on a student’s face in order to _________.

A. sell something

B. show concern for the students

C. make her lessons more interesting

D. help her students learn something

49. The writer believes that the cream _________.

A. is worthy buying

B. is of high quality

C. is useless

D. can cure the pimples on the student’s face

50. We may infer that _________.

A. many students bought the cream

B. no students bought the cream

C. the writer got some free cream

D. the cream was made by the teacher herself

51. From the passage we can infer that _________.

A. some students have failed their PE exams

B. the students don’t like the teacher

C. the teacher is welcome by her students

D. the teacher has given her students proper education and training

Passage Two

Shu Pudong has helped at least l, 000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,” he said.

In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms or legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.

“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his field when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized that he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time, he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to the heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife’. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”

“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.

52. The best title for this article is “_________”.

A. Astonishing Medicine

B. Farmer Loses Arm

C. Dangerous Bites

D. Snake Doctor

53. The farmer lost his arm because _________.

A. the cloth was wrapped too tightly

B. he cut it off to save his life

C. Shu wasn’t there to help him

D. he was alone in the field

54. Shu decided to devote himself to snake medicine because _________.

A. he wanted to save people’s arms and legs

B. he had studied it at a medical school

C. he had seen snakes biting people

D. his army service had finished

55. Why did Shu go into the mountains?

A. He didn’t want to study snake bites.

B. He wanted to help the farmers.

C. He was being trained to be a doctor.

D. He was expected to serve in the army.

56. Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “career” in the first

paragraph?

A. conclusion

B. story

C. incident

D. job

Part ⅣCloze (10%) Directions: There are20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In __57__a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend __58__can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are__59__readers. Most of us develop poor reading __60__at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency__61__in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have __62__meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. __63__, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to __64__words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over__65__you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which __66__down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as __67__reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an __68__, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate __69__the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, __70__word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first __71__is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read idea s and concepts, you will not only read faster, __72__your comprehension will improve. Many people have found __73__reading skill drastically improved after some training. __74__Chalice Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute __75__the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can __76__a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

57. A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting

58. A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly

59. A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent

60. A. training B. habits C. situations D. custom

61. A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves

62. A. some B. a lot C .little D. dull

63. A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately

64. A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite

65. A. what B. which C. that D. if

66. A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures

67. A. some one B. one C. he D. reader

68. A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer

69. A. then B. as C. beyond D. than

70. A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating

71. A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression

72. A. but B. nor C. or D. for

73. A. our B. your C. their D. such a

74. A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider

75. A. for B. in C. after D. before

76. A. master B. go over C. present D. get through

Part V Translation (10%) Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Put the answers down on the Answer Sheet. (答案请写在答题纸上)

77. The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is ________________________ (我无法用语言来表述).

78. Why is she looking at me ________________________ (像是她认识我似的)? I’ve never seen her before in my life.

79. I don’t enjoy going to the movies. ________________________ (在我看来), it’s just a waste of time.

80. The Canadian speaks Chinese ________________________ (和他说英语一样流利).

81. ________________________ (Tony 是否来), doesn’t matter much. We can rely on ourselves.

Part VI Writing (15%) Directions:For this part, you are required to write a short essay on the topic Attend Your Classes Regularly. You should write at least 120 words (no more than 150 words) based on the outline given below:

1.现在大学校园里,迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象。

2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性。

3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做。

(注:作文写在答题纸上)

大学英语四级模拟题一答案

Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (1’×10 = 10’) 1—7. A D B C A B C 8. quite homogeneous but small 9. relationships with consumers 10. the appropriate / proper media

Part II Listening Comprehension 35’

11-35 (1’×25 = 25’)

11-15 B D A C A 16-20 A C B B B 21-25 C B C D B

26-30 C B C D A 31-35 A D D B A

36—43 (0.5’×8 = 4’)

36. daily 37. frequent 38. annual 39. weekend

40. expensive 41. outdoors 42. abroad 43. Major

44—46 (2’ × 3 = 6’)

44. railways and airplanes

45. the kids in mind

46. relaxing and refreshing

Part III Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’)

47—51 D A C A B 52—56 D B A C D

Part ⅣCloze (0.5’×20 = 10’)

57-61 D A C B A 62-66 C D B A C 67-71 B A D C B 72-76 A C B D D

Part V Translation (2’×5 = 10’)

77. beyond words

78. as if she knew me

79. As far as I am concerned / In my opinion / I n my eyes…

80. as fluently as she speaks English

81. Whether Tony will come or not

Part VI Writing 15’

第11 张共11 张

大学英语四级模拟试题四(附含答案解析)

大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory(呼吸的)diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility (能见度). There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt(易于的)to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes(腐蚀)our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s

大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7

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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

大学英语四级模拟试题(1)

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