自考英语(二)串讲笔记

2013年自考英语（二）复习四题型解析之选择题

这部分题每句有一个空格，下面有四个选择项，要求从中选出一个最佳答案，目的是检查考生运用英语基本词汇和语法结构的能力。《大纲》对哪些是词汇题，哪些是语法结构题没有严格界定，但这不妨碍做题。我们大体上可以从下述几个方面分别讨论。对于实义词（这可从四个选择项中看出来），我们有时要从整句话的意思来选择答案，看它在逻辑上是不是说得通；有些是近义词，看似差不多，实际上在不同的语境，要求用不同的词；还有一些词要求不同的介词或副词与它搭配。这些因素都能给我们提供解题的线索。还是看《样题》（一）中的相应部分，它的第4题是：

In no way can cheating on exams be ______ in school.

A. elevated

B. navigated

C. exaggerated

D. tolerated

我们选D为答案，因为tolerate是“允许，容忍”的意思。学校不能姑息考试作弊行为，这在道理上是合情合理的。要是把其余三个词的任何一个放在里面，在意思上就说不通了。做这种题，有时不巧会遇到一些生词，我们可先从认得的词入手，把说不通的否定掉，这样可缩小选择的范围，以后即使只能*臆测选定答案，选中的概率也就大了。如果已找到了一个符合上下文意思的答案，就可以不用再往下看。再看《英语（二）自学考试样题》（以下简称《样题》（二））相应部分的第9题：

Most violence-related toys jeopardize the role of play in helping children make better _________ of their own feelings and interpret the world.

A. knowledge

B. realization

C. emotion

D. sense

我们选D为答案。为什么呢？这里涉及搭配问题。make sense of是个固定词组，意思“理解，弄明白”，这类词组是不能变通的，换了别的词就不通。

有的题要我们选择介词、关联词或起搭配作用的副词等。关于介词，有些是有明白的意思的，但多数试题中，它没有独立的意思，只是别的词要求和它搭配使用。如《样题》（一）这部分的第1题：

They are still not fully able to distinguish right __________ wrong.

A. between

B. from

C. for

D. against

我们选B，那是因为我们看到了distinguish这个词，这个词作及物动词用时必须和介词from一起使用方可表示“把……和……区分开来”的意思，用别的介词就不对了。做这样的题我们往往可以不看整个句子，只要注意到作为线索的那个关键词就可以了。

关联词（有时也叫结构词）是把从句和从句、分句和分句等连接起来的那些词。英语的复合句是不能把几个简单句随意地堆砌在一起就成的，要有一些特殊的词把它们连接起来，这样我们就能分清它们是名词从句、定语从句还是状语从句等等。这也要综合全句的结构来看。如《样题》（一）这部分的第2题：

________ you are conscious of it or not，you are using his influence in your own favour.

A. Whether

B. If

C. No matter

D. Though

我们选A为答案，它引出的是一个让步状语从句。那么C和D也可引出一个让步状语从句，为什么不选呢？不说别的一些原因，只说我们看到句子中还有or not这两个词，我们知道whether…or not是常在一起用的，有“无论……是否”的意思，no matter和though 是没有这样用法的。那么，选B可不可以呢？有时，if是可以取代Whether的，但在这里不行。whether（作“是否”解）从句只有放在及物动词后作宾语时（也就是说作为间接引语时），才可用if取代whether。在其他情况下都只能用whether.再看《样题》（二）相应部分的第5题：

We heard the news _________ some American businessmen will visit our firm.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. when

我们选B。这看上去很像一个定语从句，选C似乎也可以。事实上它是一个名词从句，作the news的同位语，所以只能用that来连接。

这类题中，还有一些涉及句子结构，如句型、词序、某些惯用法等。这需要我们平时多留意，能够正确识别。可看看《样题》（一）的这部分第10题：

_________ asleep when a terrible noise awakened me.

A. Scarcely had I fallen

B. Scarcely I had fallen

C. I had fallen scarcely

D. I scarcely had fallen

这是一个有关词序的题。这种句型有两种可能的词序，一是scarcely had I fallen…，另一是 I had scarcely fallen…，我们看看四个选择项，只有A符合要求。再看《样题》（二）这一部分的第3题：

__________ ，the basketball match will be resumed on Thursday.

A. Weather permits

B. Weather permitting

C. weather is permitting

D. Weather permitted

我们选B，只因为weather permitting是一个惯用结构，别的几种形式都不符合要求。

2013年自考英语（二）复习四题型解析之阅读理解

阅读理解题在整个考题中篇幅是最大的，因此它不仅要求考生能读懂，还要求有一定的阅读速度。既然它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，我们就只要求采取浏览的方式把握文章传递的主要信息，不能像精度课一样逐字逐句地分析钻研，以免耗费过多的时间。

根据英语叙事文和议论文的特点，我们在阅读一篇材料时，要特别注意文章的第一段，尤其是它开头的一、两句话。因为这些话往往交待了这篇文章要讨论的问题，它的主题也就清楚了。以后的文字只不过是针对主题进行铺叙或举证说明。如《样题》（一）相应部分的第一篇文章，它的第一句话 Whenever art has function，the function influences and often determines the form。就提出了“功能决定形式”这个思想，下面的所有文字都是围绕这个思想展开的。它的第一题也是以这句话为基础设计的。

就以后的每一段文字来说，最要注意的也是它的前一、两句话。还以这篇文字为例，它的第二段第一句说 Door keys offer another interesting example. 我们说它是这段文字的“主题句”，它告诉我们下面要说的都是关于“钥匙”的事。而提起钥匙，也是为了要证明“功能决定形式”这一大的主题的。

有的文章摘引得比较完全，这时我们还要注意它最后的几句话。它们可能是作者所下的结论，这也往往成为命题的目标。

至此，我们可以说已了解了这篇材料的大意，可以准备答题了。答题时，我们可能从题目本身或所提供的四个供选择的答案中得到一些启示，帮助我们回头从文章中找到一些相关的句子，仔细看一看，总结出正确的答案。由于问题有限，与问题有关的重要句子也是有限的。对那些与问题无关的句子，我们常常可以把它们忽略，不必细究。

在阅读中遇到了我们不熟悉的生词怎么办？要是这个生词不在答题需要的句子中，完全可以忽略不顾。如果是在那些关键的句子中，我们可以根据上下文得意思猜一猜，常常可以收到效果。事实上，只要对句子的大意有了眉目，即使对其中某个生词的理解不很有把握，也不一定有很大影响。

最后，要是遇到某个题实在做不出来，不要停留在那儿不动。要果断地跳过那道题，等到把会做的题做完了，这时你对整篇文章的意思可能有了更深的理解，再回过头来试试这道题，也许就可猜中它的答案了。

2013年自考英语（二）复习四题型解析之完形填空

完形填空题是一篇短文，中间留有10个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。这部分考试的目的是检查考生综合运用语言的能力。

本题考查的重点是语法结构，也有一些常用词和惯用语的用法。这些问题都在前面几章讨论过了，不同的是前面那些部分都是单句，我们只要对一个句子进行分析，从中找出解题的线索；这里是短文，解题时不能孤立地看一个句子，还要顾及上下文地关系，有些解题的线索可能要从与之相关的别的句子里去找。可以说它不仅像语法或词汇题，还和阅读理解题有相通的一面。

做完形填空题，最好是跳开空格，先将短文快速通读一遍，对短文要说的内容有个大致的了解。然后按照解语法或词汇题的方法，参照上下文选择答案。

如《样题》地完形填空部分，我们粗粗看了一遍后知道它说的是英语句子的含义和语境的关系。有些题的解法和前三章所说的思路一样，不再。我们看看不大一样的例子。如第4题的四个选择项是：

A. moreover

B. And

C. Hence

D. Consequently

这四个词都可以来承接前后两个句子的意思。我们看它的前一句说：“它的后面有个问号。”接下来说：“有时‘How are you？’是一个问句。”这两个句子如果孤立地看没有联系，不成文章。要是我们在后一句前加了Hence（因此），那就表示出因果关系，上下文在逻辑上语气就连贯了。事实上C就是最佳答案。

再如第9题的四个选择项是：

A. so

B. such

C. this

D. thus

选什么为答案同样要看前一句话：“但是多数时候我们说这些话时，不要求别人回答。”根据它，我们选A为答案。为什么呢？因为so这个词可以代替前文的词语或意思，具体到这一句，它实际代表了in such a way。其余三个词是起不了这个作用的。

阅读理解试题有三段文章构成，每段文章下有若干个问题或不完整的句子，要求从题后的四个选择项中选择一个最符合文章意思的答案。它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力。具体地说，它的题目可能涉及的方面主要有：

一、词或短语的意思。要求确定对了解所读材料的主旨大意、关键事实和对细节有影响的词语的意思；

二、句和句内容之间的联系。要求考生既能理解个别句子的意思，又能理解上下文的逻辑关系；

三、文章的主题思想和大意。要求确定文章的中心思想、段落大意或设想文章的标题；

四、句子和文章内在的涵义及推理。要求既能理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；

五、文章作者的态度。要求根据文章叙事的口气，判断作者的态度和倾向。

2013年自考英语（二）复习四题型解析之汉译英

汉译英的目的是检查考生用英语表达思想的能力。汉译英题都是单句，结构不会太复杂，要求的词汇也多为常用词，但译出的句子不仅意思要准确，还要符合英语的表达习惯。

做汉译英题也和做英译汉题一样，不要忙着立即从第一个词开始寻找相应的英语词汇，一个词一个词地顺着译下去。我们同样要以英语的五个基本句型为标准，仔细分析汉语原文，看哪些是主要成分，哪些是附加的修饰成分。先把英语译文的主要构架确定下来，然后寻找适当的英语词汇，将句子的主要意思翻译出来。这样译成的英语句子，至少在结构上不致有大问题，接着再看次要成分（也就是定语、状语等修饰语），译成英语后依照英语的习惯安放在适当的位置，这样，一个句子就译成了。

我们看看这一题：

“我们应该对自己的健康承担起责任。”

分析了这个句子，我们可看出：“我们——应该承担起——责任”是句子的主体，参照英语基本句型可译成We should take the responsibility。接着看剩下的部分：“对自己的健康”。根据我们学到的英语知识，知道它可译成一个介词短语for our own health，是作状语修饰“承担起”的。按英语习惯，修饰动词的介词短语不能放在动词的前后，只能放在句后较合适。于是最后的译文就是：We should take the responsibility for our health。

我们不妨再来看一个例子：

“那是去年在纽约我第一次见到这位作家。”

我们一看这句话的语气，就知道它应是一个强调句。要是不加以强调，它的主要成分译成英语该是I met the author：“去年在纽约”是两个状语 last year 和 in New York，按英语习惯，这两个状语亦放在句前或句后；剩下的“第一次”（first）也是状语，这类状语按习惯要放在动词前。那么译成英语便是：Last year in New York I first net the author.现在要把它转换成强调句型，英语强调句型的构成是“It + be +被强调的部分 + that

+ 余下的部分”，那么最后译成的句子就是：It was last year in New York that I first met the author.

最后要说的是，翻译时我们最好采用最简单的结构、最常用的词语，这样可以减少误译。另外，汉译英题通常有目的地要求考生使用已学过的某个重要句型或常用词语，如上面分析的两个句子，第一个希望用上take the responsibility 这个短语，第二个要求用强调句型。因此考生在选用词语和句型时，要尽可能利用在课文中学过的东西。

2013年自考公共课英语写作必背20句

1.According to a recent survey，four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education， the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number；of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However，this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents，who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus，which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact，it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government，which is blind to this point，may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays，many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately，for most young people，it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem，effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills，which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held，this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

2013年自考英语（二）重点

?UNIT 1

?重点单词和短语

?objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define

?interview prospect

?course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on)

?seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to …

?apply for (to)

?have no idea bring about take the trouble to do

?put oneself in one’s place

?to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down

(up, on, off, out, over, back)

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.

?解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去分词；from among 为二重介词

?例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4)

? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available

(D)

? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making.

?解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思，后面用虚拟语气。

?例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at some other time.

? 3. … decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them.

?解析：as well as意思是既…又…

? 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all.

?解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是确实。

? 5. … but do not let it wo rry you too much.

?解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to 的不定式结构。

? 6. There is little likelihood that …

?对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of

?例：The two sisters are ___ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4)

? A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) ?

?UNIT2

?重点单词和短语

?exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about) plateau

?in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule ?seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to …

?例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ___ kind. (06-4)

? A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all

(A)

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. E instein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable…

?例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。

(05-4-68)

? 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.

?例1：It is on Friday ___ we will hold the meeting.

? A. that B. when C. in that time D. what (A) ?例2: As a painter, Ted was very ___ about the colors he used. (03-10)

? A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D)

? 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun.

?对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it.

? 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area.

?解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。

?例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. (unit 6 text B)

? 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.

?解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越…越…，第一个从句中谓语动词不用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。

?例：___ we are, ___ we become.

? A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser

? C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser (D)

?

?UNIT 3

?重点单词和短语

?deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessible

?recruit

?be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for take into account have …at heart be sensitive to opt out of for short amount to

?on (the) average compete with blame sb. for sth. by nature when it comes to

?be related to be worth doing

?

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. It is very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens.

?例：It is important ___ there in time.

? A. for you to get B. to you to get C. your getting D. of you getting (A)

? 2. And it may be worth remembering that …

?解析：be worth意思是值得，后面接名词、代词以及主动形式的动名词。

? 3. Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia.

?解析：Though是一个起连结性作用的副词，意思相当于however, but.

? 4. “Well, it’s not as if I’m planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun.”?解析：As if 引出的从句，谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气。

?例：It seems as if it were spring now. 使用虚拟语气

?

?UNIT 4

?重点单词和短语

?domestic exploit campaign execute convict incidence deserve

?despite deport minimum maintenance guilt immigrant weed deny degrade inhumane civil liberty disaffection argument circus

?

?bring over watch over in unison call up pay back up to a great deal of

?be supposed to convict … of feel like protect …from

?risk doing sth.

?deal with according to be deserving of threaten to do sth. agree to do sth.

?distinguish from react to clean up

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible.

?解析：making…是分词短语，表示结果，impossible做宾补。removed是过去分词作宾补，表示有完成和被动的含义。

? 2. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.

?解析：they say是插入语，本句是一个强调句式，which可以改成that,句子会更正式。

? 3. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by.

?解析：数字+out of every+数字，意思是每…个中就有…个；which引导非限定性的定语从句修饰前面整个句子;gone by是分词短语修饰centuries表示已经完成。

? 4. What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile…

?解析：what引导的主语从句中带有实义动词do,表语不定式可以带to,也可以省略to.

?

?UNIT 5

?重点单词和短语

?folk transformation distinct sentiment originate spontaneous synthesis

?readily amplifier electronics studio penetrating thereby participate

?multimedia live inspire invariably improvise constructive creative

?preliminary painstaking conception temper mold diversified conventional harmony evident

?take over take on take up take over take place build out of in existence

?in a sense at a stretch serve as in advance for the sake of be born

?in fashion begin with it goes without saying that

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this.

?解析：第一个as 是副词，第二个as 是连词，well是副词修饰put,注意区别as well as;

?例: Those stories, as well as this boring one, have been told almost hundreds of times. ? 2. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce.

?解析：make是谓语动词，sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce 是宾语，possible是宾补前置了，英语中有时为了句子结构的平衡，可对句子结构进行调整。

? 3. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group.

?解析：so/too+形容词+a/an +名词以及such+a/an+形容词+名词是固定搭配，例如：He was not so big a fool as he looked.

? 4. The creative act with Palestrina is not thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of well-established pattern.

?解析：not …so much as …意思是与其说…不如说…，不像…那么…

?UNIT 6

?重点单词和短语

?efficiency appliance specific shade prevalent increasingly switch

?defective spray personnel completion assemble cast reduction critical

?intensify warning precede speculate partial reliability forecast decay

?subside analyze shift

?expose sth./sb. to to a degree convert …to/into prevent…from

?in between

?be responsible for in question differ from work on in that

?plenty of

?be capable of too …to be on the alert set up associate with

?be involved in

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.

?解析：exert oneself to do sth.意思是努力做某事；find+宾语+补语（adj, -ing, -ed, 不定式，介词短语）。

? 2. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are…

?解析：It can be argued that…是以it作形式主语的被动语态结构，类似的还有：It is said that, It is believed that, It is reported that, It is thought that; with whom …是介词+关系代词的限定性定语从句，修饰people. Come into contact with与…接触

? 3.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.

?解析：这是一个强调句式，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语以及从句，可用that,which,who 引导。

? 4.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.

?解析：keep +宾语+adj.意思是使…保持某种状态；up to date意思是最新的，切合目前情况的。

?

?UNIT 8

?重点单词和短语

?internal external overcome destination reset neutral feasible proceeding

?alarm promote interact fade duration moderate distraction exceptional

?remedy productivity appreciate mislead typical

?effect on blame sth. on sb.= blame sb. for sth. as fresh as paint now that ?leave alone out of step in time a short cut come across due to attend to

?fall apart be true of lack of at hand at once play a role in be faced with ?account for to date= so far = up to now

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of State.

?解析：confused是are you confused?的省略句；当以So开头表示与前边情况类似的句子时，要用倒装语序。例如：My brother can speak French, so can my sister. ? 2. It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.

?解析：it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，until 与not 连用，翻译为直到…

才，例如：Don’t open the door until the train stops.

? 3. There is evidence , of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and that there are considerable differences in …

?解析：两个that引导的同位语从句，说明evidence;

?UNIT 9

?重点单词和短语

?dependency upwards liability revision lengthen alter proportion appreciation acknowledge neglect esteem handle appropriate withdraw

?worthless

?approximate to be classified as rather than in one’s thirties in terms of ?take advantage of cope with no other …than look down on view as ?exchange …for

?例：It would be better to make a decision now, ___ leave it until next week. (06-4)

? A. other than B. rather than C. less than D. more than B

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. …because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.

?解析：be+of+名词,表示具有与该名词同源的形容词的性质。例: The girl is of beauty.= The girl is beautiful. A number of = numbers of表示一些、若干，谓语动词用复数the number of表示…的数目，谓语动词用单数。

? 2. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old.

?解析：the idea后的that 引导同位语从句，同位语从句部分是一个it is …that …结构的强调句型，强调部分是原因状语从句；rather than意思是“而不是”。

? 3. Children need help understanding that their self-esteem and the self-esteem of those they interact with have a direct effect on each other.

?解析：that引导的宾语从句，包含一个省略that的定语从句，they interact with修饰those; have an effect on/upon …对…有影响。

?UNIT10

?重点单词和短语

?strategy representative democratic nominee certainty decline congress

?loyalty provision election stir pursue dominate competitor opposition

?nominate collectively automatically contest assault

?stand no chance of identify…as impact on either…or … draw away from ?focus on lose sth. to sb. in number break up in the running in /out of power

?in favor of come into power carry on a number of as a consequence of ?as a result of break down

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. Although presidential elections occur every 4 years.

?解析：occur意思是发生，occur to 被想起，例如：An idea has occurred to me. ? 2. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.

?解析：course of action 意思是行动方案；

? 3. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power.

?解析：have an advantage over … 优于；so …that 如此…以至于引导结果状语从句，that 引导的状语从句中，包含一个that引导的定语从句。

? 4. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national election.

?解析：cast是过去分词。

?UNIT 11

?重点单词和短语

?disorder irrelevant misleading simulate replace undergo negative remark

?relief deprive prevail delightful literal nevertheless touching contented

?imperative devotion refine

?do research into aim for take…for granted feel bitter at sacrifice to be central to

?do experiment on be irrelevant to bring out goings and comings at ease plea for

?not(never) for a moment catch/seize hold of

?例：你所说的与我们正在讨论的毫不相干。（06-4）

?重点、难点句子详解

? 1. The famous example of thalidomide is a case for more animal testing, not less.

?解析：for意思是in favor of; support; case 案例、病例、实例

?例：Doctors believe that bad nerves are the cause of sleeplessness in ninety-nine ___ out of a hundred.

? A. examples B. events C. instances D. cases (D)

? 2. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, or disease of the brain for example, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.

?解析：when it comes to是一个固定句型，意思是当谈到…的时候；substitute for 意思是代替、替换，for 后面是被替换的对象；例如：Honey can substitute for sugar. ? 3. Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube…

?解析：that 引导的是定语从句，修饰techniques; available 意思是可以应用、使用。

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