The Trial that Rocked the World
The Trial that Rocked the World (hyperbole)
1 (1) [A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. ]The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. (2) [Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver tongued orator, three-times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.]
(1) [P] When I took my place in the crowded court on that hot and breathless July day in 1925, a buzz ran through the crowd.
(2) [p] The chief lawyer for the prosecute was William Jennings Bryan, who was a voluble public speaker, being nominated for presidency for three times. He was also the leader of the fundamentalist movement who made the trial necessary. Fundamentalist movement 指原教旨主义运动，原教旨主义者强调《圣经》是最高权威，绝对的真理。《圣经》中描述的每一件事包括创世纪、有关宇宙的起源等都是真实而不容置疑的。
[译文] 还记得1925年7月那个酷热难耐的日子，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭就做时，人群中响起一阵嗡嗡的议论声。我的辩护人是著名的刑事辩护律师卡拉伦斯达罗。主控官则是能说会道的演说家威廉詹宁斯布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党题名为美国总统候选人，不仅如此，他也是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
2 A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. (1) [Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by professor Kirtley Mather of Harward University. ]More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcers, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. (2) [“Don’t worry, son, we’ll show them a few tricks”, Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.]
(1) [p] 12 eminent professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harward University, were present in court too. They were ready to submit testimony to support my case.
从修辞角度上将，该句属于典型的圆周句（periodic sentence, 又称掉尾句）。它把关键意思放在整句的末尾来表达，将次要的意群放在句首，这就使得只有读完整句才能够了解该句的全部含义。圆周句在结构上无固定模式，但多数情况下都
是将较长的状语提前，把较短的主句房子句尾。属于较正式的书面语体。
(2) [P] While we were waiting, Darrow said to me: “Don’t worry, kid, we have some smart and unexpected measures which will surprise all of them in the trial.”Spontaneously, he put his arm around my shoulder in a gracious way to comfort me. “son”在此句中译为孩子。
a reassuring arm 使用了移就法（transferred epithet）因为arm本身不能让人感到reassuring, 但这一动作可以给人安慰。
[译文] 几个星期前，我还只是在田纳西州山区小镇戴盾的一个名不经转的中学教员，而现在我却成了一个备受关注的庭审活动的当事人。在法庭就坐为我作证的有以哈弗大学科特里马瑟教授为首的十几位著名的教授和科学家。到场的还有100多名新闻记者和一些广播电台的播音员，他们要破天荒的报道这次庭审实况。就在我们静候着法庭开审的时候，达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰我说：“别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点颜色瞧瞧的。”
3 (1) [The case had erupted round my head] not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary school. For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. (2) [The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament]. [The modernists, on the other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Dawin--- that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.]
(1) [P] The case had befallen me unexpectedly and strongly.
(2) [P] The fundamentalists insisted on what is said in the Bible.
(3) [P] On the other hand, the modernists accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin. The theory advocated that all animal life had evolved from a common ancestor or that all life hade developed step by step from a common original organism.
此句中modernists是主语，on the other hand为插入语。这句话的主干是：the modernists accepted the theory that all animal life …a common ancestor是theory的同位语，这里起到进一步解释说明的作用。
[译文] 在我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久，这件案子就突如其来降临到我的头上。若干年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直酝酿着一场冲突。一方面原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意思去解释《旧约全书》，另一方面现代主义者则承认查尔斯达尔文的进化论理论——认为包括猿和人在内的一切动物都是由一个祖先进化而来的。
4 Fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of “any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible.”The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin’s theory of evolution. An engineer, George Rappelyea, used to argue with the local people against
the law. During one such argument, Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution. Since I had been teaching biology, I was sent for.
[译文] 在田纳西州，原教旨主义势力强大，州立法机构最近还通过了一项禁止公开讲授“任何质疑《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论”的法令。这项新法规直接针对达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治拉普利亚的工程师一直反对这项法规并经常和当地人进行辩论。在一次辩论中，拉普利亚说任何人要讲授生物学，就不可能避免讲授进化论。因为我是讲授生物学的，所以他们便把我叫去作证。
5 “Rappelyea is right,”I told them.
[译文] “拉普利亚是对的”，我告诉他们。
6 “Then you have been violating the law,” one of them said.
[译文]“那么说的话，你就触犯了法律，”他们中的一员说。
7 “So has every other teacher,” I replied. “Evolution is explained in Hunter’s Civic Biology, and tha t’s our textbook”.
[译文] “其他所有教师也是这么做的，”我回答说。“亨特所著的《生物学基础》中就讲到了进化论，而那正是我们使用的教科书”。
8 Rappelyea then made a suggestion. “Let’s take this thing to court,” he said, “and test the legality of it”
[P] Let’s accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide if he is breaking the law or not.
[译文] 于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。“让我们将此事交付法庭判决，”他说，“以检验其是否合法。”
9 （1）[When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history.] The American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would take my case to the U. S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail." Then Bryan volunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me. Immediately the renowned lawyer Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.
(2) [Ironically, I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university. I admired him, although I did not agree with his views.]
(1) [P] When I was indicated on May 7, there is no one expected that my case would become the most famous trials in history of America.
[解析] least of all意思为“至少所有”，表达作者本人对这个事件的重要性并没有意识到。“snowball”的字面意思为“雪球”，此处用作动词，表示像雪球一样逐
渐变大，形象生动的表明了这个事件所带来的影响。
(2) [P] It was ironical that I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a speech at my university, I did not agree with his views but I admired him.
[解析] 具有讽刺意味的是作者并不同意他的观点却很欣赏他。
[译文] 当我于五月七日被正式起诉时，谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大，以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。美国公民自由联合会宣布：如有必要，联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理，“以确保教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。”接着，布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府方面对我进行起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯?达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。具有讽刺意味的是，在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗，但我却见过布莱恩，那是我念大学的时候，他来校作过演讲。我很钦佩他，尽管我并不赞同他的观点。
10 （1）[By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere.] The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby. （2）[People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the "infidel outsiders".] Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.
(1) [P] When the trial began on July 10, the atmosphere of our town was really jolly as was found in a circus performance.
(2) [P] Fundamentalists from the surrounding hills arrived to encourage Bryan against the unbelievers who suspected the God.
People from the neighbor mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came to sustain Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from big cities in the north and were not fundamentalists.
[解析] infidel outsiders此处指异教徒。起初基督教徒使用异教徒一词来称呼犹太人和穆斯林人，带有极强的贬义。这里可以理解成带有较强敌意的诋毁性词语。[译文] 到七月十日庭审开始的时候，我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛。大街两旁的建筑物上都挂起了彩旗。在法院的三层红砖房子周围的街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架，出售的是热狗、宗教书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也在街上搭起帐篷向行人传教布道。附近一带的山区居民，其中多半是原教旨主义者，也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱恩呐喊助威，打击那些“外来的异教徒”。他们当中就有具体起草了那条反进化论法令的约翰?巴特勒。巴特勒是一位四十九岁的农场主，在当选之前还从未跨出过自己的县境。
11 （1）[The presiding judge was John Raulston, a florid-faced man who announced: "I'm just a reg'lar mountaineer jedge."] Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted in his
prosecution by his son, also a lawyer, and Tennessee's brilliant young attorney-general, Tom Stewart. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow, my counsel included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone, 43, and Arthur Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. （2）[In a trial in which religion played a key role, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone a Catholic and Hays a Jew.] My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.
(1) [P] The leading judge John Raulston, whose face was flushed with rosy color, made an announcement: “I’m just a common mountaineer judge.”
[解析] 这位审判长带有浓重的口音，此处是根据审判长说话的语音拼写的。作者通过对John Raulston相貌和话语的描写，传神地刻画出他寡陋的学识和狭隘的心胸。
(2) [解析] 此处暗指由于各自的宗教信仰都不一样，以Darrow 为代表的被告方律师们的思想更加开明和客观。
[译文] 主审法官名叫约翰?劳尔斯顿，是一位面色红润的男人。他操着浓重的地方口音高声说道：“我只是个平平常常的山区法官。”布莱恩的样子老态龙钟，大腹便便。协助他进行起诉工作的有他的儿子——也是个律师——及田纳西州年轻有为的检察长汤姆?斯图尔特。我的辩护人当中则除了六十八岁的精明老练的达罗外，还有英俊潇洒、富于魅力的四十三岁的达德雷?费尔德?马隆和文质彬彬、学识丰富，尤其精通法学的阿瑟?伽费尔德?黑斯。在一场宗教起着关键作用的审判案中，达罗是个不可知论者，马隆是个天主教徒，而黑斯则是个犹太教徒。我的父亲也特意从肯塔基州赶来陪我面对这次审判。
12 The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer, and the trial got under way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. (1) [As my father growled, "That's one hell of a jury!"]
(1) [P] “That’s no jury at all”, my father grumbled wrathfully.
[译文] 法官请了一位当地的牧师主持开庭祷告仪式，接着审判便开始了。陪审团的十二名成员中，有三人除《圣经》之外再没有念过什么别的书，还有一人则根本不识字。难怪我父亲气呼呼地骂道：“真是他妈狗屁的陪审团!”
13 After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement. "My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. (1) [He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination."]
(1) He is here because ignorance and prejudice are umbridled and widespread.
[译文] 履行完规定的法律诉讼程序之后，达罗站起来开始发言了。“我的朋友检察长先生方才告诉我们说约翰?司科普斯知道他为什么会被带上法庭，”达罗拖长着声音说。“我也知道他为什么会被带上法庭。那是因为愚昧和偏见还很猖獗，
而且这两者又结合在一起，形成一股强大的势力。”
14 （1）[Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. ]"Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. (2) [After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind. "]
(1) [P] Darrow walked slowly with deliberation around the burning hot court.
[解析] 此处用了移就（transferred epithet）修辞手法，形象地传达出庭审时侯的气氛，如烤箱一般燥热，令人感到郁闷、焦灼、紧张。
(2) [解析]marching backwards和the glorious age of the sixteenth century 两处都使用了矛盾修饰法（oxymoron）和反语、讽刺（irony）的修辞手法。March 一词的意思是“稳步前进；进步”，但是在这里表达的却是相反的意思，达罗此处用glorious一词显然不是想赞颂16世纪的伟大和光荣，他其实是在说反话，起到更强烈的讽刺效果。
[译文] 达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。”
15 "That damned infidel," a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.
16The following day the prosecution began calling wit-nesses against me. Two of my pupils testified, grinning shyly at me, that I had taught them evolution, but added that they had not been contaminated by the experience. Howard Morgan, a bright lad of 14, testified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows, horses, dogs and cats.
17 "He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked.
18"No, sir," the youngster said. "He said man had reasoning power."
[译文] 他的话音刚落，就听到一个妇女高声咕嘟了一句：“这个该死的异教徒!”
第二天，控方开始传唤证人出庭作证。出庭作证的是我的两个学生，他们一边羞涩地对我傻笑，一边向法庭证明说我向他们宣讲过进化论，但又补充说他们并没有因此而受到毒害。一个叫霍华德.摩根的聪明的十四岁小男孩作证说我对他们讲过，人也像牛、马、狗、猫一样是哺乳动物。
“他没有说猫和人完全一样吧?”达罗问。
“没有，先生，”那孩子说道。“他说人是有思维能力的。”“这话怕不一定
对哩，”达罗哼着鼻子说。
19 "There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted.
[解析] 这里that指的是课文的前一句中的“reasoning power”.此处，从这句话的意思可以看出达罗对“人是有思维推理能力的”这句话的怀疑，也暗含了达罗想要讽刺原教旨主义者并没有思维推理能力的意思。
[译文] “那可不一定吧”达罗哼着鼻子说。
20 After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury. The issue was simple, （1）[he declared "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below."] （2）[The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work.] In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence.
(1) [解析] Bryan通过这句话不仅是想要清楚地表明基督教思想与进化论者观点的不同，更重要的是想借此讽刺进化论者自甘承认自己低贱和堕落。
(2) [P] The spectators laughed and Bryan became more animated and enthusiastic about his work.
[解析] 本句中warm为动词，warm to意思为“对…更加起劲”。
Sensing the interest of the audience, the speaker warmed to his topic.
演讲者感觉到听众对他的话题感兴趣，因而讲得更加起劲了。
[译文] 证人作证完毕后，布莱恩起立向陪审团陈辞。问题很简单，他说，“基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下。”旁听的群众忍不住咯咯地笑了起来，布莱恩也就越说越起劲，他一只手挥动着一本生物学教科书，一边口中发话谴责那些来到戴顿为我作证的科学家们。
21 "The Bible," he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, " is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan."
[译文] “《圣经》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。”
22 （1）[As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applause and shouts of "Amen". ]Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. （2）[The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the
hot breath of his oratory as he should have. ]
(1) [P] When Bryan finished his speech with his jaw pushed out and eyes shining, the audience clapped and shouted “amen”.
[解析] 此句中jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing 为逻辑谓语构成的独立主格结构，从这句话中对Bryan神态的描写，可以看出他对在即的一番话感觉尤为良好，再加上周围人的热烈反应，更是觉得自己已经是胜券在握。这些词语的运用极好地表现了Bryan亢奋和自豪的样子。
(2) [P] The audience seemed to feel that their spokesman had not defeated the infidels completely with his eloquence and force that he should have.
[解析] their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have 这一句中使用了虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟。这里的scorch 运用了暗喻的修辞手法，形象地说明了Bryan先前竞选时演讲的阵势，话语灼热犹如熊熊燃烧的烈火一般压倒一切，而现在却是今非昔比了，她的这一番话没了那般的气势，因而并不能把那些异教徒彻底地镇住。
[译文] 他讲完话时，下巴翘得老高，眼里闪着光芒，听众席中立刻爆发出喝采的掌声和“阿门”的喊声。但似乎还是缺少了一点什么东西。昔日当布莱恩如燎原的烈火般席卷政界时表现出的那种火热的激情已消失殆尽。听众们似乎觉得他们的这位英雄没能充分发挥出应有的辩才将那些异端分子打个落花流水。
23 Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply. "Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible, he observed. "There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given post of his life to politics." Bryan sipped from a jug of water as Malone's voice grew in volume. He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion.
[译文] 达德雷?费尔德?马隆跳起来反驳布莱恩。“布莱恩可不是唯一有资格为《圣经》辩护的人，”他说。“在我们这一国度，还有些人将自己的全部生命都奉献给了上帝和宗教。而布莱恩先生却满腔热情地将自己的大半生命献给了政治。”布莱恩从水杯中呷了一口水，马隆说话的音调随之变得越来越高。他呼吁学术自由并指责布莱恩存心在科学与宗教之间挑起一场殊死决斗。
24 "There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it!
[译文] “从来没有人能同真理决斗，”他大声怒吼，“真理从来都是胜利者——我们并不害怕这一点。真理不需要布莱恩先生。真理是永存的、不朽的，而且并不需要依靠人的力量去维护它!”
25 When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a
storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. （1）[But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence.]
[P] Although Malone had won the fight in words with Bryan, the judge still objected to allow the scientists to speak on behalf of John Scopes.
[译文] 马隆发言结束时，场上出现了一阵沉默，但接着法庭里便爆发出一阵暴风骤雨般的掌声．超过了刚才为布莱恩发出的掌声。然而，尽管马隆在同布莱恩进行的这场舌战中取得了胜利，法官还是决定不许在座的科学家们为辩方作证。
26 When the court adjourned, we found Dayton's streets swarming with strangers. Hawkerscried their wares on every corner. （1）[One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT –INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwin's everything to Wear Store.)] One entrepreneur rented a shop window to display an ape. （2）[Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.]
(1) [解析] DARWIN IS RIGHY-INSIDE使用了双关（pun）,它既可以被理解为科学家达尔文，又可被理解为是服装店的店主名字的缩写；right既可以表示“正确的”之意，又可理解为副词“就，正是”。通过运用一词二义达到了诙谐幽默的效果，此店老板表明自己支持进化论，反对原教旨主义。
(2) [P] Spectators was charged to stare at it and contemplate if they might be relevant. People had to pay in order to see the ape and reflect attentively whether apes and people could have the same ancestry.
[解析] 此处描写说明了这场辩论在民众中产生的影响。这里使用了讽刺的修辞手法，表现出了人们对进化论观点的不了解和无知。
[译文] 休庭期间，我们发现戴顿镇的街头巷尾到处挤满了陌生人，每个角落里都有一些小商小贩在叫卖货物。有家商店的招牌上写道：达尔文：没错——就在里面。(这是小达尔文的服装店。)还有一个承包商租了一个商店橱窗来展出一只猿猴。有些人便花钱去观看这只猿猴，并思量着自己是否可能与它有什么渊源。
27 "The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, "afraid it might be true. "
[译文] “这只可怜的畜牲双手捂住眼睛，蜷缩在一个角落里，”一位记者这样写道，“生怕人猿同源是真的。”
28 H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his Pants with a tan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels . Twenty-two telegraphists were sending out 165 000 words a day on the trial.
[译文] H?L。门肯穿着短裤，一边吹着电扇，一边写出了一些含辛辣讽刺意味的电讯文稿。由于他在文中将当地居民称作“乡巴佬”，因此人们议论着要将他驱逐出镇。二十二个报务员每天要拍发十六万五千字的报道这场庭审的电文。
29 Because of the heat and a fear that the old court's floor might collapse, under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed outside under the maples. More than 2 000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squatted on the grass, perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.
[译文] 由于天气炎热，加之又担心古老的法庭地板会因承受不住人群的重量而坍塌，审判活动改在户外枫树荫下继续进行。前来观审的有两千多人，他们有的坐在长条木凳上，有的蹲在草地上，有的趴在停放着的汽车的车顶上，还有的人则从窗户里傻呆呆地伸长脖子向外张望。
30 Then came the climax of the trial. Because of the wording of the anti-evolution law, the prosecution was forced to take the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. The judge looked startled. "We are calling him as an expert on the Bible," Darrow said. "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."
[译文] 接着审判的高潮到来了。由于反进化论法律条文的限制，控方只得坚持《圣经》必须严格按字面意义解释的立场。这时，达罗突然打出他的王牌，点名要布莱恩充当辩方证人。法官也满脸惊讶。“我们要他当证人是因为他是《圣经》研究专家，”达罗说道。“作为经学权威，他的声誉是举世公认的。”
31 Bryan was suspicious of the wily Darrow, yet he could not refuse the challenge. For year s he had lectured and written on the Bible. He had campaigned against Darwinism in Tennessee even before passage of the anti-evolution law. Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.
[译文] 布莱恩满心狐疑，不知那诡计多端的达罗葫芦里在卖什么药，但他又不能不接受这一挑战。多年来他一直在讲解《圣经》，并且还曾围绕《圣经》著书立说。甚至在反进化论法令通过之前，他就在田纳西州发动过反达尔文主义的运动。这时，只见他刚毅果敢地握着一把芭蕉扇，像是拿它当成一把退敌的利剑似的，大步流星地向证人席走去。
32 Under Darrow's quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, (1) [and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent "Amens".]
(1)[P] and the crowd eagerly interrupted his incompliant answers with “Amens”.
[译文] 在达罗的平静语调套问下，他承认自己对《圣经》的字字句句深信不疑，旁观的人群对他的激昂的回答不时和以热烈的“阿门”的喊声。
33 Darrow read from Genesis: "And the evening and the morning were the first day." Then he asked Bryan if he believed that the sun was created on the fourth day. Bryan said that he did.
[译文] 达罗翻开《创世纪》念道：“夜尽晨来乃第一天也。’’接下来他问布莱恩是否相信太阳是第四天创造出来的，布莱恩回答说他相信。
34 "How could there have been a morning and evening with-out any sun?" Darrow enquired.
[译文] “没有太阳之前又怎么会有早晨和晚上呢?”达罗问道。
35 （1）[Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful.] Darrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning. He asked if Bryan believed literally in the story of Eve. Bryan answered in the affirmative.
(1) [P] Bryan attempted to dry his bald head, which showed his discomfort and embarrassment. There were laughs from his mass, even among the loyal.
[解析] 此处暗指民众信仰的动摇。Bryan对自己的无言以对感到不解与困惑，听众们则在这场辩论中开始逐渐有所思考与质疑，他们开始怀疑自己信仰的可靠性。
[译文] 布莱恩闷声不响地擦拭着自己的秃顶。人群中传出阵阵暗笑声，连一些虔诚的基督徒也在发笑。达罗一面捻弄着他的眼镜，一面继续发问。他问布莱恩是否相信有关夏娃的故事字字句句都是真实的，布莱恩作了肯定的回答。
36 And you believe that God punished the serpent by condemning snakes for ever after to crawl upon their bellies?"
37 "I believe that."
38 "Well, have you any idea how the snake went before that time?"
39 The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and the fan in his hand shook in anger.
[译文] “那末你也相信上帝为了惩罚引诱夏娃的那条蛇便让所有蛇类从那以后永远匍匐爬行的故事是真的了?”
“我相信那是真的。”
“好哇，那么你是否知道那以前蛇类是如何行走的呢?”
观审的人群哄地笑了起来。布莱恩气得脸色发青，盛怒之下他调门提高了，手里拿着的扇子一个劲儿抖动着。
40 "Your honor," he said. "I will answer all Mr. Darrow's questions at once. I want the world to know that this man who does not believe in God is using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him..."
[译文] “法官大人，”他说。“我即刻就要回答达罗先生的所有问题。我要让世界知道这个不信上帝的人正在利用田纳西州的法庭诽谤上帝……”
41 "I object to that statement,” Darrow shouted. “ I am examining you on your tool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes."
42 The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbub and adjourned court until next day. [译文] “我反对这种说法，”达罗大声叫道。“我只是在考验你的那些愚蠢的想法，世界上没有哪个有知识的基督徒会相信你的那些想法。”
法官敲响小木槌止住了喧哗声，随即宣布休庭，次日再审。
43（1）[Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.]
(1)[P] Bryan stood by himself, while I felt sorry about the old warrior as spectators
pushed by him to shake Darrow’s hand.
[解析] 尽管审判结果是作者被判输了，但通过此处的描写，可以看出在这场审判中“我”这一方的实质性的胜利，也反映着以Bryan为代表的一派的失败。这里作者对这位昔日叱咤风云的人物的必然失败感到同情。
[译文]布莱恩孤零零地站在那儿。当观众们纷纷从他身边挤过去同达罗握手时，我的心替这位昔日的英雄难过起来。
44The jury were asked to consider their verdict at noon the following day. The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn and whispered for just nine minutes. The verdict was guilty. I was fined 100 dollars and costs.
[译文] 第二天中午，陪审团受命对此案进行裁决。陪审员们离席退到草坪的一角，只低声议论了九分钟，结果是判决被告有罪。我被罚款一百美元，并支付诉讼费用。
45 （1）[Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat."] A few southern papers, loyal to their faded champion, hailed it as a victory for Bryan. But Bryan, sad and exhausted, died in Dayton two days after the trial.
(1)[P] Malone said although my conviction was seemingly a defeat, but is was really something of a victory for the evolutionists.
[解析] 这一句作者运用了矛盾修饰法（oxymoron）.顾名思义，这种修饰法就是把明显矛盾的词用在一起，从而起到了引人入胜的作用。既然是矛盾的词，其词
汇意义往往相对立，形成反义关系。用在一起可以深刻地揭示事物间的矛盾对立，同时又有协调统一的作用。表面上看作者是失败了，但在某种意义上却是胜利的一方，因为他们所宣扬的进步思想必定会深入人心。
[译文] 达德雷?费尔德?马隆称这次庭审结果对我来说是一次“胜利的败仗”。有几家南方报纸，出于对他们那位已失去昔日光彩的英雄的忠诚，称这次审判结果为布莱恩的胜利，并为之欢呼。可布莱恩本人却因伤心劳神过度，审判结束后才过了两天便在戴顿去世。
46 I was offered my teaching job back but I declined. Some of the professors who had come to testify on my be-half arranged a scholarship for me at the University of Chicago so that I could pursue the study of science. Later I became a geologist for an oil company.
[译文] 学校要请我回去继续担任原先的教学职务，但我谢绝了。有几位前来为我作证的教授已为我争取到了一份芝加哥大学的奖学金，因而我得以继续进修自然科学。．后来，我成为一家石油公司的地质学专家。
47 Not long ago I went back to Dayton for the first time since my trial 37 years ago. The little town looked much the same to me. （1）[But now there is a William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top over looking the valley.]
(1) [P] But on the top of the hill of Dayton there stands a University by the name of William Jennings Bryan looking down at the valley.
[解析] 这句话说明虽然小镇并没有因那场辩论而产生巨大的变化，但文明与进步的思想已经开始影响人们的生活并潜移默化地发挥着作用，此处也预示着改变的即将到来。这里作者运用了讽刺（irony）的修辞手法。
[译文] 前不久，我在那次审判三十七年之后第一次重返戴顿。在我眼中，小镇景物依旧，只是多了一所威廉?詹宁斯?布莱恩大学，它坐落在一个小山坡上，俯视着下面的山谷。
48 There were other changes, too. Evolution is taught in Tennessee, though the law under which I was convicted is still on the books. (1) [The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.
(1) [P] The fight that Darrow and Malone took in the court caught the country’s attention. It leaded to new alteration in the U. S. and paved way for the free expression of ideas which is accepted by most people in America now.
[解析]本句包含两个定语从句，一个分词作状语。主干是the storm swept. 两个从
句分别是：that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton修饰storm 和that has grown with the passing years修饰freedom.另外本句使用了暗喻（metaphor）的修辞手法，把辩论比喻成风暴，然后又用了一系列和风暴相关的词语：blew up, swept like a fresh wind, its wake, climate,点明了小法庭里的大审判产生的巨大影响。
[译文]还有一些其他方面的变化。进化论已经可以在田纳西州公开讲授了，尽管那条曾判我有罪的法令仍未废除。由克拉伦斯?达罗和达德雷?费尔德?马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。
最新The_Monster课文翻译
Deems Taylor: The Monster 怪才他身材矮小，头却很大，与他的身材很不相称——是个满脸病容的矮子。他神经兮兮，有皮肤病，贴身穿比丝绸粗糙一点的任何衣服都会使他痛苦不堪。而且他还是个夸大妄想狂。他是个极其自负的怪人。除非事情与自己有关，否则他从来不屑对世界或世人瞧上一眼。对他来说，他不仅是世界上最重要的人物，而且在他眼里，他是惟一活在世界上的人。他认为自己是世界上最伟大的戏剧家之一、最伟大的思想家之一、最伟大的作曲家之一。听听他的谈话，仿佛他就是集莎士比亚、贝多芬、柏拉图三人于一身。想要听到他的高论十分容易，他是世上最能使人筋疲力竭的健谈者之一。同他度过一个夜晚，就是听他一个人滔滔不绝地说上一晚。有时，他才华横溢；有时，他又令人极其厌烦。但无论是妙趣横生还是枯燥无味，他的谈话只有一个主题：他自己，他自己的所思所为。他狂妄地认为自己总是正确的。任何人在最无足轻重的问题上露出丝毫的异议，都会激得他的强烈谴责。他可能会一连好几个小时滔滔不绝，千方百计地证明自己如何如何正确。有了这种使人耗尽心力的雄辩本事，听者最后都被他弄得头昏脑涨，耳朵发聋，为了图个清静，只好同意他的说法。他从来不会觉得，对于跟他接触的人来说，他和他的所作所为并不是使人产生强烈兴趣而为之倾倒的事情。他几乎对世间的任何领域都有自己的理
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新版人教版高中语文课本的目录。
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外国文学名著鉴赏期末论文院—系：数学学院 科目：外国文学名著鉴赏（期末论文）班级： 08级数学与应用数学A班 姓名：沈铁 学号： 200805050149 上课时段：周五晚十、十一节课
奋斗了，才有出路 ——读《鲁宾逊漂游记》有感小说《鲁宾逊漂游记》一直深受人们的喜爱。读完这篇小说，使我对人生应该有自己的一个奋斗历程而受益匪浅。当一个人已经处于绝境的时候，还能够满怀信心的去面对和挑战生活，实在是一种可贵的精神。他使我认识到，人无论何时何地，不管遇到多大的困难，都不能被困难所吓倒，我们要勇敢的面对困难，克服困难，始终保持一种积极向上、乐观的心态去面对。在当今社会只有努力去奋斗，才会有自己的出路！ 其实现在的很多人都是那些遇到困难就退缩，不敢勇敢的去面对它。不仅如此，现在很多人都是独生子女，很多家长视子女为掌上明珠，不要说是冒险了，就连小小的家务活也不让孩子做，天天总是说：“我的小宝贝啊，你读好书就行了，其它的爸爸妈妈做就可以了。”读书固然重要，但生活中的小事也不能忽略。想一想，在荒无人烟的孤岛上，如果你连家务活都不会做，你能在那里生存吗？读完这部著作后，我不禁反问自己：“如果我像书中的鲁宾逊那样在大海遭到风暴，我能向他那样与风暴搏斗，最后逃离荒岛得救吗？恐怕我早已经被大海所淹没；如果我漂流到孤岛，能活几天？我又能干些什么？我会劈柴吗？会打猎做饭吗？我连洗洗自己的衣服还笨手笨脚的。”我们应该学习鲁宾逊这种不怕困难的精神，无论何时何地都有坚持地活下去，哪怕只有一线希望也要坚持到底，决不能放弃！我们要像鲁宾
逊那样有志气、有毅力、爱劳动，凭自己的双手创造财富，创造奇迹，取得最后的胜利。这样的例子在我们的生活中屡见不鲜。 《史记》的作者司马迁含冤入狱，可它依然在狱中完成《史记》一书，他之所以能完成此书，靠的也是他心中那顽强的毅力，永不放弃的不断努力的精神。著名作家爱迪生从小就生活在一个贫困的家庭中，可是他从小就表现出了科学方面的天赋。长大后爱迪生着力于电灯的发明与研究，他经过了九百多次的失败，可它依然没有放弃，不断努力，最后终于在第一千次实验中取得了成功。 鲁宾逊在岛上生活了二十八年，他面对了各种各样的困难和挫折，克服了许多常人无法想象的困难，自己动手，丰衣足食，以惊人的毅力，顽强的活了下来。他自从大船失事后，找了一些木材，在岛上盖了一间房屋，为防止野兽，还在房子周围打了木桩，来到荒岛，面对着的首要的就是吃的问题，船上的东西吃完以后，鲁宾逊开始打猎，有时可能会饿肚子，一是他决定播种，几年后他终于可以吃到自己的劳动成果，其实学习也是这样，也有这样一个循序渐进的过程，现在的社会，竞争无处不在，我们要懂得只有付出才会有收获，要勇于付出，在战胜困难的同时不断取得好成绩。要知道只有付出，才会有收获。鲁宾逊在失败后总结教训，终于成果；磨粮食没有石磨，他就用木头代替；没有筛子，就用围巾。鲁宾逊在荒岛上解决了自己的生存难题，面对人生挫折，鲁宾逊的所作所为充分显示了他坚毅的性格和顽强的精神。同样我们在学习上也可以做一些创新，养成一种创新精神，把鲁宾逊在荒岛，不畏艰险，不怕失败挫折，艰苦奋斗的精
高中外研社英语选修六Module5课文Frankenstein's Monster
Frankenstein's Monster Part 1 The story of Frankenstein Frankenstein is a young scientist/ from Geneva, in Switzerland. While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to give life/ to lifeless matter. Using bones from dead bodies, he creates a creature/ that resembles a human being/ and gives it life. The creature, which is unusually large/ and strong, is extremely ugly, and terrifies all those/ who see it. However, the monster, who has learnt to speak, is intelligent/ and has human emotions. Lonely and unhappy, he begins to hate his creator, Frankenstein. When Frankenstein refuses to create a wife/ for him, the monster murders Frankenstein's brother, his best friend Clerval, and finally, Frankenstein's wife Elizabeth. The scientist chases the creature/ to the Arctic/ in order to destroy him, but he dies there. At the end of the story, the monster disappears into the ice/ and snow/ to end his own life. Part 2 Extract from Frankenstein It was on a cold November night/ that I saw my creation/ for the first time. Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment/ that would give life/ to the thing/ that lay at my feet. It was already one/ in the morning/ and the rain/ fell against the window. My candle was almost burnt out when, by its tiny light，I saw the yellow eye of the creature open. It breathed hard, and moved its arms and legs. How can I describe my emotions/ when I saw this happen? How can I describe the monster who I had worked/ so hard/ to create? I had tried to make him beautiful. Beautiful! He was the ugliest thing/ I had ever seen! You could see the veins/ beneath his yellow skin. His hair was black/ and his teeth were white. But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips. I had worked/ for nearly two years/ with one aim only, to give life to a lifeless body. For this/ I had not slept, I had destroyed my health. I had wanted it more than anything/ in the world. But now/ I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and horror and disgust/ filled my heart. Now/ my only thoughts were, "I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!” When he turned to look at me, I felt unable to stay in the same room as him. I rushed out, and /for a long time/ I walked up and down my bedroom. At last/ I threw myself on the bed/ in my clothes, trying to find a few moments of sleep. But although I slept, I had terrible dreams. I dreamt I saw my fiancée/ walking in the streets of our town. She looked well/ and happy/ but as I kissed her lips，they became pale, as if she were dead. Her face changed and I thought/ I held the body of my dead mother/ in my arms. I woke, shaking with fear. At that same moment，I saw the creature/ that I had created. He was standing/by my bed/ and watching me. His
人教版高中语文必修必背课文精编WORD版
人教版高中语文必修必背课文精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】
必修1 沁园春·长沙（全文）毛泽东 独立寒秋， 湘江北去， 橘子洲头。 看万山红遍， 层林尽染， 漫江碧透， 百舸争流。 鹰击长空， 鱼翔浅底， 万类霜天竞自由。 怅寥廓， 问苍茫大地， 谁主沉浮。 携来百侣曾游， 忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。
恰同学少年， 风华正茂， 书生意气， 挥斥方遒。 指点江山， 激扬文字， 粪土当年万户侯。 曾记否， 到中流击水， 浪遏飞舟。 雨巷（全文）戴望舒撑着油纸伞，独自 彷徨在悠长、悠长 又寂寥的雨巷， 我希望逢着 一个丁香一样地
结着愁怨的姑娘。 她是有 丁香一样的颜色， 丁香一样的芬芳， 丁香一样的忧愁， 在雨中哀怨， 哀怨又彷徨； 她彷徨在这寂寥的雨巷，撑着油纸伞 像我一样， 像我一样地 默默彳亍着 冷漠、凄清，又惆怅。她默默地走近， 走近，又投出 太息一般的眼光
她飘过 像梦一般地， 像梦一般地凄婉迷茫。像梦中飘过 一枝丁香地， 我身旁飘过这个女郎；她默默地远了，远了，到了颓圮的篱墙， 走尽这雨巷。 在雨的哀曲里， 消了她的颜色， 散了她的芬芳， 消散了，甚至她的 太息般的眼光 丁香般的惆怅。 撑着油纸伞，独自
彷徨在悠长、悠长 又寂寥的雨巷， 我希望飘过 一个丁香一样地 结着愁怨的姑娘。 再别康桥（全文）徐志摩 轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来； 我轻轻的招手，作别西天的云彩。 那河畔的金柳，是夕阳中的新娘； 波光里的艳影，在我的心头荡漾。 软泥上的青荇，油油的在水底招摇； 在康河的柔波里，我甘心做一条水草！ 那榆荫下的一潭，不是清泉， 是天上虹揉碎在浮藻间，沉淀着彩虹似的梦。寻梦？撑一支长篙，向青草更青处漫溯， 满载一船星辉，在星辉斑斓里放歌。
2008年浙师大《外国文学名著鉴赏》期末考试答案
（一）文学常识 一、古希腊罗马 1．（1）宙斯(罗马神话称为朱庇特)，希腊神话中最高的天神，掌管雷电云雨，是人和神的主宰。 （2）阿波罗，希腊神话中宙斯的儿子，主管光明、青春、音乐、诗歌等，常以手持弓箭的少年形象出现。 （3）雅典那，希腊神话中的智慧女神，雅典城邦的保护神。 （4）潘多拉，希腊神话中的第一个女人，貌美性诈。私自打开了宙斯送她的一只盒子，里面装的疾病、疯狂、罪恶、嫉妒等祸患，一齐飞出，只有希望留在盒底，人间因此充满灾难。“潘多拉的盒子”成为“祸灾的来源”的同义语。 （5）普罗米修斯，希腊神话中造福人间的神。盗取天火带到人间，并传授给人类多种手艺，触怒宙斯，被锁在高加索山崖，受神鹰啄食，是一个反抗强暴、不惜为人类牺牲一切的英雄。 （6）斯芬克司，希腊神话中的狮身女怪。常叫过路行人猜谜，猜不出即将行人杀害；后因谜底被俄底浦斯道破，即自杀。后常喻“谜”一样的人物。与埃及狮身人面像同名。 2．荷马，古希腊盲诗人。主要作品有《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，被称为荷马史诗。《伊利亚特》叙述十年特洛伊战争。《奥德赛》写特洛伊战争结束后，希腊英雄奥德赛历险回乡的故事。马克思称赞它“显示出永久的魅力”。 3．埃斯库罗斯，古希腊悲剧之父，代表作《被缚的普罗米修斯》。6．阿里斯托芬，古希腊“喜剧之父”代表作《阿卡奈人》。 4．索福克勒斯，古希腊重要悲剧作家，代表作《俄狄浦斯王》。5．欧里庇得斯，古希腊重要悲剧作家，代表作《美狄亚》。 二、中世纪文学 但丁，意大利人，伟大诗人，文艺复兴的先驱。恩格斯称他是“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。主要作品有叙事长诗《神曲》，由地狱、炼狱、天堂三部分组成。《神曲》以幻想形式，写但丁迷路，被人导引神游三界。在地狱中见到贪官污吏等受着惩罚，在净界中见到贪色贪财等较轻罪人，在天堂里见到殉道者等高贵的灵魂。 三、文艺复兴时期 1．薄迦丘意大利人短篇小说家，著有《十日谈》拉伯雷，法国人，著《巨人传》塞万提斯，西班牙人,著《堂?吉诃德》。 2．莎士比亚，16-17世纪文艺复兴时期英国伟大的剧作家和诗人，主要作品有四大悲剧——《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》《麦克白》、《李尔王》，另有悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，喜剧有《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》等，历史剧有《理查二世》、《亨利四世》等。马克思称之为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。 四、17世纪古典主义 9．笛福，17-18世纪英国著名小说家，被誉为“英国和欧洲小说之父”，主要作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》，是英国第一部现实主义长篇小说。10．弥尔顿，17世纪英国诗人，代表作：长诗《失乐园》，《失乐园》，表现了资产阶级清教徒的革命理想和英雄气概。 25．拉伯雷，16世纪法国作家，代表作：长篇小说《巨人传》。 26．莫里哀，法国17世纪古典主义文学最重要的作家，法国古典主义喜剧的创建者，主要作品为《伪君子》《悭吝人》（主人公叫阿巴公）等喜剧。 五、18世纪启蒙运动 1）歌德，德国文学最高成就的代表者。主要作品有书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》，诗剧《浮士德》。 11．斯威夫特，18世纪英国作家，代表作：《格列佛游记》，以荒诞的情节讽刺了英国现实。 12．亨利·菲尔丁，18世纪英国作家，代表作：《汤姆·琼斯》。 六、19世纪浪漫主义 （1拜伦， 19世纪初期英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人，代表作为诗体小说《唐璜》通过青年贵族唐璜的种种经历，抨击欧洲反动的封建势力。《恰尔德。哈洛尔游记》 （2雨果，伟大作家，欧洲19世纪浪漫主义文学最卓越的代表。主要作品有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《笑面人》、《九三年》等。《悲惨世界》写的是失业短工冉阿让因偷吃一片面包被抓进监狱，后改名换姓，当上企业主和市长，但终不能摆脱迫害的故事。《巴黎圣母院》 弃儿伽西莫多，在一个偶然的场合被副主教克洛德.孚罗洛收养为义子，长大后有让他当上了巴黎圣母院的敲钟人。他虽然十分丑陋而且有多种残疾，心灵却异常高尚纯洁。 长年流浪街头的波希米亚姑娘拉.爱斯梅拉达，能歌善舞，天真貌美而心地淳厚。青年贫诗人尔比埃尔.甘果瓦偶然同她相遇，并在一个更偶然的场合成了她名义上的丈夫。很有名望的副教主本来一向专心于"圣职"，忽然有一天欣赏到波希米亚姑娘的歌舞，忧千方百计要把她据为己有，对她进行了种种威胁甚至陷害，同时还为此不惜玩弄卑鄙手段，去欺骗利用他的义子伽西莫多和学生甘果瓦。眼看无论如何也实现不了占有爱斯梅拉达的罪恶企图，最后竟亲手把那可爱的少女送上了绞刑架。 另一方面，伽西莫多私下也爱慕着波希米亚姑娘。她遭到陷害，被伽西莫多巧计救出，在圣母院一间密室里避难，敲钟人用十分纯朴和真诚的感情去安慰她，保护她。当她再次处于危急中时，敲钟人为了援助她，表现出非凡的英勇和机智。而当他无意中发现自己的"义父"和"恩人"远望着高挂在绞刑架上的波希米亚姑娘而发出恶魔般的狞笑时，伽西莫多立即对那个伪善者下了最后的判决，亲手把克洛德.孚罗洛从高耸入云的钟塔上推下，使他摔的粉身碎骨。 （3司汤达，批判现实主义作家。代表作《红与黑》，写的是不满封建制度的平民青年于连，千方百计向上爬，最终被送上断头台的故事。“红”是将军服色，指“入军界”的道路；“黑”是主教服色，指当神父、主教的道路。 14．雪莱，19世纪积极浪漫主义诗人，欧洲文学史上最早歌颂空想社会主义的诗人之一，主要作品为诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》，抒情诗《西风颂》等。 15．托马斯·哈代，19世纪英国作家，代表作：长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》。 16．萨克雷，19世纪英国作家，代表作：《名利场》 17．盖斯凯尔夫人，19世纪英国作家，代表作：《玛丽·巴顿》。 18．夏洛蒂?勃朗特，19世纪英国女作家，代表作：长篇小说《简?爱》19艾米丽?勃朗特，19世纪英国女作家，夏洛蒂?勃朗特之妹，代表作：长篇小说《呼啸山庄》。 20．狄更斯，19世纪英国批判现实主义文学的重要代表，主要作品为长篇小说《大卫?科波菲尔》、《艰难时世》《双城记》《雾都孤儿》。21．柯南道尔，19世纪英国著名侦探小说家，代表作品侦探小说集《福尔摩斯探案》是世界上最著名的侦探小说。 七、19世纪现实主义 1、巴尔扎克，19世纪上半叶法国和欧洲批判现实主义文学的杰出代表。主要作品有《人间喜剧》，包括《高老头》、《欧也妮·葛朗台》、《贝姨》、《邦斯舅舅》等。《人间喜剧》是世界文学中规模最宏伟的创作之一，也是人类思维劳动最辉煌的成果之一。马克思称其“提供了一部法国社会特别是巴黎上流社会的卓越的现实主义历史”。
(完整版)Unit7TheMonster课文翻译综合教程四
Unit 7 The Monster Deems Taylor 1He was an undersized little man, with a head too big for his body ― a sickly little man. His nerves were bad. He had skin trouble. It was agony for him to wear anything next to his skin coarser than silk. And he had delusions of grandeur. 2He was a monster of conceit. Never for one minute did he look at the world or at people, except in relation to himself. He believed himself to be one of the greatest dramatists in the world, one of the greatest thinkers, and one of the greatest composers. To hear him talk, he was Shakespeare, and Beethoven, and Plato, rolled into one. He was one of the most exhausting conversationalists that ever lived. Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. But whether he was being brilliant or dull, he had one sole topic of conversation: himself. What he thought and what he did. 3He had a mania for being in the right. The slightest hint of disagreement, from anyone, on the most trivial point, was enough to set him off on a harangue that might last for hours, in which he proved himself right in so many ways, and with such exhausting volubility, that in the end his hearer, stunned and deafened, would agree with him, for the sake of peace. 4It never occurred to him that he and his doing were not of the most intense and fascinating interest to anyone with whom he came in contact. He had theories about almost any subject under the sun, including vegetarianism, the drama, politics, and music; and in support of these theories he wrote pamphlets, letters, books ... thousands upon thousands of words, hundreds and hundreds of pages. He not only wrote these things, and published them ― usually at somebody else’s expense ― but he would sit and read them aloud, for hours, to his friends, and his family. 5He had the emotional stability of a six-year-old child. When he felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom and talk darkly of going to the East to end his days as a Buddhist monk. Ten minutes later, when something pleased him he would rush out of doors and run around the garden, or jump up and down off the sofa, or stand on his head. He could be grief-stricken over the death of a pet dog, and could be callous and heartless to a degree that would have made a Roman emperor shudder. 6He was almost innocent of any sense of responsibility. He was convinced that
人教版高中语文必修一背诵篇目
高中语文必修一背诵篇目 1、《沁园春长沙》毛泽东 独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。 看万山红遍，层林尽染；漫江碧透，百舸争流。 鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由。 怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？ 携来百侣曾游，忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。 恰同学少年，风华正茂；书生意气，挥斥方遒。 指点江山，激扬文字，粪土当年万户侯。 曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟？ 2、《诗两首》 （1）、《雨巷》戴望舒 撑着油纸伞，独自 /彷徨在悠长、悠长/又寂寥的雨巷， 我希望逢着 /一个丁香一样的 /结着愁怨的姑娘。 她是有 /丁香一样的颜色，/丁香一样的芬芳， /丁香一样的忧愁， 在雨中哀怨， /哀怨又彷徨； /她彷徨在这寂寥的雨巷， 撑着油纸伞 /像我一样， /像我一样地 /默默彳亍着 冷漠、凄清，又惆怅。 /她静默地走近/走近，又投出 太息一般的眼光，/她飘过 /像梦一般地， /像梦一般地凄婉迷茫。 像梦中飘过 /一枝丁香的， /我身旁飘过这女郎； 她静默地远了，远了，/到了颓圮的篱墙， /走尽这雨巷。 在雨的哀曲里， /消了她的颜色， /散了她的芬芳， /消散了，甚至她的 太息般的眼光， /丁香般的惆怅/撑着油纸伞，独自 /彷徨在悠长，悠长 又寂寥的雨巷， /我希望飘过 /一个丁香一样的 /结着愁怨的姑娘。 （2）、《再别康桥》徐志摩 轻轻的我走了， /正如我轻轻的来； /我轻轻的招手， /作别西天的云彩。 那河畔的金柳， /是夕阳中的新娘； /波光里的艳影， /在我的心头荡漾。 软泥上的青荇， /油油的在水底招摇； /在康河的柔波里， /我甘心做一条水草！那榆阴下的一潭， /不是清泉，是天上虹 /揉碎在浮藻间， /沉淀着彩虹似的梦。寻梦？撑一支长篙， /向青草更青处漫溯， /满载一船星辉， /在星辉斑斓里放歌。但我不能放歌， /悄悄是别离的笙箫； /夏虫也为我沉默， / 沉默是今晚的康桥！悄悄的我走了， /正如我悄悄的来；/我挥一挥衣袖， /不带走一片云彩。 4、《荆轲刺秦王》 太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。至易水上，既祖，取道。高渐离击筑，荆轲和而歌，为变徵之声，士皆垂泪涕泣。又前而为歌曰：“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还！”复为慷慨羽声，士皆瞋目，发尽上指冠。于是荆轲遂就车而去，终已不顾。 5、《记念刘和珍君》鲁迅 （1）、真的猛士，敢于直面惨淡的人生，敢于正视淋漓的鲜血。这是怎样的哀痛者和幸福者？然而造化又常常为庸人设计，以时间的流驶，来洗涤旧迹，仅使留下淡红的血色和微漠的悲哀。在这淡红的血色和微漠的悲哀中，又给人暂得偷生，维持着这似人非人的世界。我不知道这样的世界何时是一个尽头！
峄山碑全文及译文
峄山碑全文及译文文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
《峄山碑》全文及译文《峄山碑》是秦始皇二十八年（公元前219年）东巡时所刻，下面是小编为大家带来的峄山碑全文及译文，欢迎阅读。 碑文 皇帝立国，维初在昔，嗣世称王 讨伐乱逆，威动四极，武义直方 戎臣奉诏，经时不久，灭六暴强 廿有六年，上荐高号，孝道显明 既献泰成，乃降专惠，亲巡远方 登于绎山①，群臣从者，咸思攸长 追念乱世，分土建邦，以开争理 功战日作，流血于野，自泰古始 世无万数，陀及五帝，莫能禁止 廼今皇帝，壹家天下，兵不复起 灾害灭除，黔首康定，利泽长久 群臣诵略，刻此乐石，以箸经纪 注：①绎山：指峄山。 皇帝日：“金石刻尽，始皇帝所为也。今袭号而金石刻辞不称，始皇帝其于久远也。如后嗣为之者，不称成功盛德。”丞相臣斯、臣去疾，御史大夫臣德。昧死言，臣请具刻诏书，金石刻因明白矣。臣昧死请，制日可。 注释： 皇帝立国，维初在昔，嗣世称王
（维是发语词，不翻。嗣世，一代代，继承。这三句，是一句话。） 讨伐乱逆，威动四极，武义直方 （武义直方，就相当于说正义战争。） 戎臣奉诏，经时不久，灭六暴强 （戎臣，就是带兵的将领。灭六暴强即诛灭六国。） 廿有六年，上荐高号，孝道显明 （皇帝二十六年，公元前221年。群臣上表，请求秦王称皇帝号。就叫上荐高号。这个孝道，是说秦国各代国君，均有统一之志，始皇帝的统一，乃是完成祖先之道。） 既献泰成，乃降专惠，亲巡远方 （溥惠，尃惠。溥就是普。我用的书里面，百度百科里面，都错成了专字。既献泰成，乃降尃惠，亲巡远方。应该是这样子才对。既，就是完成了的意思。泰成，就是大成。完成了统一大业。普惠，把恩泽给了所有的人。寴车巛，就是亲巡。从车和从辵，都是表示动作的形符。坐车出巡，就是车巛。） 登于绎山①，群臣从者，咸思攸长 （登上峄山，大家都发起了怀古之悠情。） 追念乱世，分土建邦，以开争理 （过去是乱世，起因于分土建国，就是封建制。所以，大家才会去争斗。）功战日作，流血于野，自泰古始 （功战就是攻战。自太古以来就是如此。） 世无万数，，阤yi3及五帝，莫能禁止 （无数代以来，到五帝时代，都不能禁止。阤，延续。） 廼今皇帝，壹家天下，兵不复起