《最后的演讲》原文&逐段翻译

Randy Pausch’s Last Lecture: Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams

Given at Carnegie Mellon University

Tuesday, September 18, 2007

McConomy Auditorium

For more information, see https://www.docsj.com/doc/5b243277.html,

? Copyright Randy Pausch, 20071

Note that this transcript is provided as a public service but may contain transcription errors.

This translation was done by Lichao Chen (chenlc03@https://www.docsj.com/doc/5b243277.html,); I don’t read Chinese, so I cannot verify it. – Randy

Steve Seabolt

史蒂夫.西伯特

For those of you who know Randy, Randy brings a particular zest for life and humor, even while facing death. To Randy, this is simply another adventure. It is my great honor to introduce Dylan, Logan and Chloe’s dad, Jai’s husband, and my very dear friend, Dr. Randy Pausch. [applause]

对于那些了解兰迪的人，他带来对生命的别样热情和幽默，即使是面对死亡。对兰迪来说，这只是另一种探险。我极为荣幸地介绍迪伦、娄更和克娄已的爸爸，洁的丈夫，我最亲爱的朋友，兰迪.波许博士。 [掌声]

Randy Pausch:

兰迪.波许：

[Make me earn it. [laughter]

讲的好再鼓掌 [笑声]

It’s wonderful to be here. What Indira didn’t tell you is that this lecture series used to be called the Last Lecture. If you had one last lecture to give before you died, what would it be? I thought, damn, I finally nailed the venue and they renamed it.

[laughter]

1 This is temporary; we will be doing a creative commons license or some such; for now, please consider this footnote your permission to use this transcript for any personal or non-commercial purposes. -- Randy

能在这里真太棒了。（副教务长）英迪拉没告诉你们的是，这个系列讲座以前被称为“最后的讲演”。意思是如果你死前最后做一次演讲，你会讲什么？我想，得，这我可对上号了，但他们又改名了（旅程系列讲演）。 [笑声]

So, you know, in case there’s anybody who wandered in and doesn’t know the back story, my dad always taught me that when there’s an elephant in the room, introduce them. If you look at my CAT scans, there are approximately 10 tumors in my liver, and the doctors told me 3-6 months of good health left. That was a month ago, so you can do the math. I have some of the best doctors in the world. Microphone’s not working? Then I’ll just have to talk louder. [Adjusts mic] Is that good? All right.

所以，如果有人只是随便进来而不知道背景故事的话，我父亲总是教导我说，当房间里有大象时，先介绍清楚 （房间里的大象这个英语成语是指有一件事大家不可能视而不见，但又不愿谈及,译者注）。如果你看看我的电脑断层扫描，我的肝脏大约有10个肿瘤，医生告诉我还有3-6个月的健康身体。这是一个月前，所以你可以算一算。我有一些世界上最好的医生。麦克风不响？那就得说话大声点。 [调整麦克风]好了吗？行。

So that is what it is. We can’t change it, and we just have to decide how we’re going to respond to that. We cannot change the cards we are dealt, just how we play the hand. If I don’t seem as depressed or morose as I should be, sorry to disappoint you. [laughter] And I assure you I am not in denial. It’s not like I’m not aware of what’s going on. My family, my three kids, my wife, we just decamped. We bought a lovely house in Chesapeake, Virginia, near Norfolk, and we’re doing that because that’s a better place for the family to be, down the road. And the other thing is I am in phenomenally good health right now. I mean it’s the greatest thing of cognitive dissonance you will ever see is the fact that I am in really good shape. In fact, I am in better shape than most of you. [Randy gets on the ground and starts doing pushups] [Applause] So anybody who wants to cry or pity me can down and do a few of those, and then you may pity me. [laughter]

情况就是这样。我们无法改变它，我们只需要决定如何回应。我们不能改变我们手里的牌，但能调整如何出牌。如果我看起来不够忧郁郁闷，抱歉让你们失望了。 [笑]我向你们保证，我不是否认现实。不是我不知道正在发生的事。我的家人，我的三个孩子，我的太太，我们刚刚撤营。我们在切萨皮克，弗吉尼亚州诺福克附近，买了一个可爱的房子。我们这么做是为我们家的未来打算，那里较好。另一件事是我现在身体惊人的健康。我的意思是这将是你所见到的最大的认知失调，我的体力非常好。事实上，我比你们大部分人的体力都好。[兰迪趴下开始做俯卧撑] [掌声]所以有人想要哭或可怜我，可以下来先做几个这个，然后你们可以可怜我。 [笑声]

All right, so what we’re not talking about today, we are not talking about cancer, because I spent a lot of time talking about that and I’m really not interested. If you have any herbal supplements or remedies, please stay away from me. [laughter] And we’re not going to talk about things that are even more important than achieving your childhood dreams. We’re not going to talk about my wife, we’re not talking about my kids. Because I’m good, but I’m not good enough to talk about that without tearing up. So, we’re just going to take that off the table. That’s much more important. And we’re not going to talk about spirituality and religion, although I will tell you that I have achieved a deathbed conversion. I just bought a Macintosh. [laughter and clapping] Now I knew I’d get 9% of the audience with that, but. All right, so what is today’s talk about then? It’s about my childhood dreams and how I have achieved them. I’ve been very fortunate that way. How I believe I’ve been able to enable the dreams of others, and to some degree, lessons learned. I’m a professor, there should be some lessons learned and how you can use the stuff you here today to achieve your dreams or enable the dreams of others. And as you get older, you may find that enabling the dreams of others thing is even more fun.

好，那么今天我们不谈什么呢，我们不谈癌症，因为我已花了很多时间谈它，我真的没兴趣了。如果您有任何辅助草药或疗法，请别过来。 [笑声]我们也不会谈比实现童年梦想更重要

的事。我们不谈我的妻子，我们不谈我的孩子。因为我心情不错，但我没好到谈起他们而不

落泪。所以，这是更重要我们只好不提。我们不谈精神与宗教，但我要告诉你们，我已做了

一个临终转变。我刚刚买了台苹果电脑。 [笑声及掌声]我知道我这样做可得到9％的听众的支持。但今天到底谈什么呢？谈我童年的梦想和我如何实现他们。我在这方面一直很幸运。

谈为什么我相信我能够助人梦想成真，也讲一些经验教训。我是一个教授，应该有一些经验

教训，以及如何你可以用你今天听到的东西去实现你的梦想，或者助人实现梦想。当你年长些，你可能会发现，助人梦想成真会更有乐趣。

So what were my childhood dreams? Well, you know, I had a really good childhood. I mean, no kidding around. I was going back through the family archives, and what was really amazing was, I couldn’t find any pictures of me as a kid where I wasn’t smiling. And that was just a very gratifying thing. There was our dog, right? Aww, thank you. And there I actually have a picture of me dreaming. And did a lot of that. You know, there’s a lot of wake up’s! I was born in 1960. When you are 8 or 9 years old and you look at the TV set, men are landing on the moon. Anything’s possible, and that’s something we should not lose sight of, is that the inspiration and the permission to dream is huge.

那么什么是我童年的梦想？你知道，我有一个非常好的童年。我的意思是，不开玩笑，我回

去看家里的文档，令人惊奇的是竟找不到任何一张我小时候不笑的照片。这可是一件非常可

喜的事。这是我们家的狗，对不对？噢，谢谢。这有一张我做梦的照片。我做了很多的梦。

当然，也有很多梦醒时分！我出生在1960年。在8、9岁时，电视上正播放人类登月。任何事情都可能发生，我们不要忽略灵感和允许梦想的巨大力量。

So what were my childhood dreams? You may not agree with this list, but I was there. [laughter] Being in zero gravity, playing in the National Football League, authoring an article in the World Book Encyclopedia – I guess you can tell the nerds early. [laughter] Being Captain Kirk, anybody here have that childhood dream? Not at CMU, no. I wanted to become one of the guys who won the big stuffed animals in the amusement park, and I wanted to be an Imagineer with Disney. These are not sorted in any particular order, although I think they do get harder, except for maybe the first one.

那么，我的童年梦想？你可能不同意这个列表，但那曾是我的梦想。 [笑]体验零重力，参

加全美橄榄球联盟，给世界图书百科全书出一篇文章-我猜你可以看出我很早就是书呆子了。[笑]当柯克船长，在这里有谁有这个童年梦想吗？不会在卡耐基-梅隆大学，没有。我想我能成为一个在游乐园赢得大毛绒玩具动物的人，我也想成为一个迪士尼幻想工程师。这个单子并不按任何特定顺序排练，但我觉得他们越来越困难，可能除了第一项以外。

OK, so being in zero gravity. Now it’s important to have specific dreams. I did not dream of being an astronaut, because when I was a little kid, I wore glasses and they told me oh, astronauts can’t have glasses. And I was like, mmm, I didn’t really want the whole astronaut gig, I just wanted the floating. So, and as a child [laughter], prototype 0.0. [slide shown of Randy as a child lying in floating-formation on a table top]

好，体验零重力。有具体的梦想很重要。我没有梦想成为一个航天员，因为我从小就戴眼

镜。他们告诉我，哦，宇航员不能戴眼镜。我想，嗯，我并不真的当宇航员，我只是想自由飘浮。因此，作为一个孩子[笑] ，原型0.0 。[幻灯片显示小兰迪躺在台面上作漂浮状]

But that didn’t work so well, and it turns out that NASA has something called the Vomit Comet that they used to train the astronauts. And this thing does parabolic arcs, and at the top of each arc you get about 25 seconds where you’re ballistic and you get about, a rough equivalent of weightlessness for about 25 seconds. And there is a program where college students can submit proposals and if they win the competition, they get to fly. And I thought that was really cool, and we had a team and we put a team together and they won and they got to fly. And I was all excited because I was going to go with them.

但那并不怎么管用。 我们知道美国航天局有一种用来训练宇航员的飞机叫做“呕吐彗

星”。它以抛弧线飞行，在每个弧顶后有大约25秒的时间是如弹道俯冲，大致相当于失重25秒。航天局有一个项目让大学生可以比赛提出研究建议，如果他们赢了，他们就能上去

飞。我觉得那很酷，我们有一个团队，我们把它组织好我。 他们赢了竞赛，获准去飞。我好兴奋，因为我要跟他们一起去。

And then I hit the first brick wall, because they made it very clear that under no circumstances were faculty members allowed to fly with the teams. I know, I was heartbroken. I was like, I worked so hard! And so I read the literature very carefully and it turns out that NASA, it’s part of their outreach and publicity program, and it turns out that the students were allowed to bring a local media journalist from their home town. [laughter] And, Randy Pausch, web journalist. It’s really easy to get a press pass! [laughter]

然后，我碰上了第一道砖墙，因为航天局明文规定教员不能跟学生团队一起飞。我可是伤心

透顶。我想，我投入了那么多心血！所以，我仔细读了文件，原来航天局有一个推广宣传项目，允许学生从他们家乡带一名当地媒体的记者。 [笑] ，兰迪.波许，网站记者。得到新闻通行证可真容易！ [笑]

So I called up the guys at NASA and I said, I need to know where to fax some documents. And they said, what documents are you going to fax us? And I said my resignation as the faculty advisor and my application as the journalist. And he said, that’s a little transparent, don’t you think? And I said, yeah, but our project is virtual reality, and we’re going to bring down a whole bunch of VR headsets and all the students from all the teams are going to experience it and all those other real journalists are going to get to film it.

于是我就打电话给美国宇航局说，我需要知道传真文件的号码。那边问，你要传真什么文

件？我说我要辞去学校顾问头衔，申请做记者。他说，你不觉得这有点太露骨了吗？我说，

没错，但我们的项目是虚拟现实，我们将带去一大堆虚拟现实头盔，所有队伍的学生都将试用这个，这样一来，那些随其他队去的真记者就会把它拍下来。

Jim Foley’s going oh you bastard, yes. And the guy said, here’s the fax number. So, and indeed, we kept our end of the bargain, and that’s one of the themes that you’ll hear later on in the talk, is have something to bring to the table, right, because that will make you more welcome. And if you’re curious about what zero gravity looks like, hopefully the sound will be working here. [slide shows videotape from Randy’s zero gravity experience] There I am. [laughter] You do pay the piper at the bottom. [laugher] So, childhood dream number one, check.

吉姆.佛勒在说，你这个混球。接电话的人说，这是传真号码。而事实上我们也实践了我们的诺言，这是你们等会儿会在讲座中听到的主题之一，就是手上要有货，这样你你就会更受欢迎。如果你好奇零重力是什么样子，希望声响没有问题。 [幻灯片，录影带，兰迪的零重力体验] 这是我。 [笑] 你最后还是要在底部承担后果。 [众笑] ，所以，童年的一号梦想，画钩。

OK, let’s talk about football. My dream was to play in the National Football League. And most of you don’t know that I actually – no. [laughter] No, I did not make it to the National Football League, but I probably got more from that dream and not accomplishing it than I got from any of the ones that I did accomplish.

好吧，让我们谈谈橄榄球。我的梦想是要参加全国橄榄球联盟。你们大部分人不知道我实际上，不 [笑]没有，我没能参加向全美橄榄球联盟。但我从这未实现的梦想中得到的恐怕比我

任一实现的梦想中得到的还要多。

I had a coach, I signed up when I was nine years old. I was the smallest kid in the league, by far. And I had a coach, Jim Graham, who was six-foot-four, he had played linebacker at Penn State.

我有一个教练。我入队时9岁。我是俱乐部中最小的孩子。我有一个教练，吉姆格雷厄姆，

六英尺四高，他曾在宾夕法尼亚州立大学打线卫。

He was just this hulk of a guy and he was old school. And I mean really old school. Like he thought the forward pass was a trick play. [laughter] And he showed up for practice the first day, and you know, there’s big hulking guy, we were all scared to death of him.

他是个很传统的大块头。我的意思是非常古董。像他认位前传球是使诈。 [笑] ，第一天练习他来了，你知道，他块头很大, 我们都怕死他了。

And he hadn’t brought any footballs. How are we going to have practice without any footballs? And one of the other kids said, excuse me coach, but there’s not football. And Coach Graham said, right, how many men are on a football field at a time? Eleven on a team, twenty-two. Coach Graham said, all right, and how many people are touching the football at any given time? One of them. And he said, right, so we’re going to work on what those other twenty-one guys are doing.

他并没有带来任何橄榄球。我们没球怎么练呢？有个小孩子就说，对不起, 教练，但我们没球。教练格雷厄姆说，就是，球场上能上多少人? 11人一队， 22人。教练格雷厄姆说，好，那在一给定时刻有几个人触球? 其中之一。他说，对，所以我们要练其他21个人的任务。

And that’s a really good story because it’s all about fundamentals. Fundamentals, fundamentals, fundamentals. You’ve got to get the fundamentals down because otherwise the fancy stuff isn’t going to work.

这是一个很好的故事，因为它讲的是基本功。基本功，基本功，基本功。你必须把基础打好, 要不然那些花俏的东西就玩不转。

And the other Jim Graham story I have is there was one practice where he just rode me all practice. You’re doing this wrong, you’re doing this wrong, go back and do it again, you owe me, you’re doing push-ups after practice. And when it was all over, one of the other assistant coaches came over and said, yeah, Coach Graham rode you pretty harsh, didn’t he? I said, yeah. He said, that’s a good thing. He said, when you’re screwing up and nobody’s saying anything to you anymore, that means they gave up. And that’s a lesson that stuck with me my whole life. Is that when you see yourself doing something badly and nobody’s bothering to tell you anymore, that’s a very bad place to be. Your critics are your ones telling you they still love you and care.

另一个吉姆格雷厄姆故事。有一次我们做练习，他盯着我不依不饶，你这样做不对，你这样做不对，回去再做一遍，你欠我，你练习后还要加做俯卧撑。过后一位助理教练过来说，教

练格雷厄姆对你挺苛刻，是不是？我说，是啊。他说，这是件好事。他说，当你搞砸了而没

有人对你说任何东西，这意味着他们放弃了。这是一终生铭记的一堂课。就是当你看到自己

把事情搞糟而没人劳神告诉你，这处境就很不妙。批评你的人是告诉你他们仍然爱和关心

你。

After Coach Graham, I had another coach, Coach Setliff, and he taught me a lot about the power of enthusiasm. He did this one thing where only for one play at a time he would put people in at like the most horrifically wrong position for them. Like all the short guys would become receivers, right? It was just laughable. But we only went in for one play, right? And boy, the other team just never knew what hit ‘em them. Because when you’re only doing it for one play and you’re just not where you’re supposed to be, and freedom’s just another word for nothing left to lose, boy are you going to clean somebody’s clock for that one play.

经过教练格雷厄姆，我的另一个教练，教练赛特利夫，教我了很多关于的激情的力量。他会

把选手在某一场比赛中安排在最不恰当的位置。就象让所有矮个儿都当外接手，对吧？那真

是可笑。但是，我们只打一场比赛，对吗？我们的对手真是措手不及。因为当你只在一场比

赛中打一个新位置，自由就是无所顾忌的同义词，天啊，那你还不在那一场比赛中痛扁对

手。

And that kind of enthusiasm was great. And to this day, I am most comfortable on a football field. I mean, it’s just one of those things where, you know, [pulls out a football] if I’m working a hard problem, people will see me wandering the halls with one of these things, and that’s just because, you know, when you do something young enough and you train for it, it just becomes a part of it. And I’m very glad that football was a part of my life. And if I didn’t get the dream of playing in the NFL, that’s OK. I’ve probably got stuff more valuable. Because looking at what’s going on in the NFL, I’m not sure those guys are doing so great right now.

那种热情真是强烈。直到今天，我感到最惬意的地方还是在橄榄球球场。我的意思是，它只

是一个人的东西在那里，你知道， [拿出一个橄榄球]如果我在解决一个难题，人们就会看到

我走廊里拿个橄榄球走来走去。因为你知道，当你很年轻时就打球，训练，橄榄球就成为你

生活的一部分。我很高兴它是我生命的一部分。如果我没有实现梦想中玩橄榄球，那也没什么。我现在得到的东西可能更有价值。因为看看现在全美橄榄球联盟，我觉得那些家伙过得

有多好。

OK, and so one of the expressions I learned at Electronic Arts, which I love, which pertains to this, is experience is what you get when you didn’t get what you wanted. And I think that’s absolutely lovely. And the other thing about football is we send our kids out to play football or soccer or swimming or whatever it is, and it’s the first example of what I’m going to call a head fake, or indirect learning. We actually don’t want our kids to learn football. I mean, yeah, it’s really nice that I have a wonderful three-point stance and that I know how to do a chop block and all this kind of stuff. But we send our kids out to learn much more important things. Teamwork, sportsmanship, perseverance, etcetera, etcetera. And these kinds of head fake learning are absolutely important. And you should keep your eye out for them because they’re everywhere.

好，那么我从艺电公司学到了的一个说法，我很喜欢，也跟今天的谈话相关，就是经验是你求之不得后的收获。我认为这说法绝对可爱。再谈一点关于橄榄球，我们把孩子送去玩橄榄球或足球或游泳，或任何其它活动，这其实是我要称为障眼法或间接学习的第一个例子。事

实上，我们不在意我们的孩子学习足球。我的意思是，嗯，我的三点触地预备姿式很漂亮，我知道该怎么做膝下阻挡和其它技能。这都不错，但是，我们把孩子送去是学更重要的东西。团队合作，体育精神，毅力，等等，等等。而这些障眼法学习是绝对重要的。你应该留意这些，因为它们无所不在。

All right. A simple one, being an author in the World Book Encyclopedia. When I was a kid, we had the World Book Encyclopedia on the shelf. For the freshman, this is paper. [laughter] We used to have these things called books. And after I had become somewhat of an authority on virtual reality, but not like a really important one, so I was at the level of people the World Book would badger. They called me up and I wrote an article, and this is Caitlin Kelleher [shows slide of Caitlin wearing VR headset manipulating a 3D world], and there’s an article if you go to your local library where they still have copies of the World Book. Look under V for Virtual Reality, and there it is. And all I have to say is that having been selected to be an author in the World Book Encyclopedia, I now believe that Wikipedia is a perfectly fine source for your information because I know what the quality control is for real encyclopedias. They let me in.

下一个简单，但世界图书百科全书的作者。当我还是个孩子，我们书架上有全套世界图书百

科全书。对大一学生来说，这只是纸而已。[笑声] 我们曾把这些东西叫做书。当我已经有点

成为虚拟现实的权威的，但并非真正重要的一个，所以我正好在世界图书要骚扰的人的水平上。他们给我打电话，叫我写一篇文章，这是凯特琳.凯乐荷 [凯特琳戴耳机操纵三维世界幻灯] ，如果你当地的图书馆还收藏这百科全书的话，你可以看到这篇文章，看V字母下面的虚拟现实词条，它就在那里。我所要说的是被选为世界图书百科全书的作者后，我现在相信维基百科是一个绝对优良的资讯来源，因为我知道真正的百科全书质量控制水平了。他们让我去写。

All right, next one. [laughter] [shows slide “Being like Meeting Captain Kirk”] At a certain point you just realize there are some things you are not going to do, so maybe you just want to stand close to the people. And I mean, my god, what a role model for young people. [laughter] [shows slide of Captain Kirk sitting at his control station on the Starship Enterprise]

好，下一个。[笑] [幻灯显示"成为会见柯克船长" ] 有时侯你会认识到有些事你不会去做，所以你也许只想接近那些做这些事的人。我的意思是，天啊，真是年轻人的楷模。 [笑] [放柯克船长坐在他星舰企业号控制站的幻灯]

I mean, this is everything you want to be, and what I learned that carried me forward in leadership later is that, you know, he wasn’t the smartest guy on the ship.

I mean, Spock was pretty smart and McCoy was the doctor and Scotty was the engineer. And you sort of go, and what skill set did he have to get on this damn thing and run it?

我的意思是，这是你要的一切，我所学到的并帮助我提升领导能力的是，其实，他不是飞船上最聪明的人。我的意思是，斯波克相当聪明，麦科伊是医生，斯科特是工程师。你就想，他有什么能耐就在这飞船上当船长？

And, you know, clearly there is this skill set called leadership, and, you know, whether or not you like the series, there’s no doubt that there was a lot to be learned about how to lead people by watching this guy in action. And he just had the coolest damn toys! [laughter] [shows slide of Star Trek gadgets] I mean, my god, I just thought it was fascinating as a kid that he had this thing [Takes out Star Trek Communicator] and he could talk to the ship with it. I just thought that was just spectacular, and of course now I own one and it’s smaller. [takes out cell phone] So that’s kind of cool.

但你知道，很显然有种能耐叫领导能力，而且，不管你喜欢这个电视系列与否，你可以从观察他的行动中学到很多如何领导别人。另外，他还有最酷的玩具！ [笑] [放星际迷航小玩具的幻灯] 我的意思是，天啊，我小时候为他有这玩意儿而着迷[拿出星际迷航报话机]他可以用它跟飞船通话。我觉得那可真抢眼，当然现在我自己有一个，尺寸还小些。 [拿出手机] 这个挺酷。

So I got to achieve this dream. James T. Kirk, and his alter ego William Shatner, wrote a book, which I think was actually a pretty cool book. It was with Chip Walter who is a Pittsburgh- based author who is quite good, and they wrote a book on basically the science of Star Trek, you know, what has come true. And they went around to the top places around the country and looked at various things and they came here to study our virtual reality setup. And so we build a virtual reality for him, it looks something like that. [shows slide of virtual Star Trek command center] We put it in, put it to red alert. He was a very good sport. It’s not like he saw that one coming. [laughter] And it’s really cool to meet your boyhood idol, but it’s even cooler when he comes to you to see what cool stuff you’re doing in your lab. And that was just a great moment.

最终我实现了这个梦想。柯克船长和他的本尊威廉.夏特纳，写了一本书，我认为这是一本很酷的书。与CHIP沃尔特，一个在匹兹堡的挺好的作者，合写的。他们的书，基本上关于星际迷航的科学，就是，电视中的科幻有那些变成现实了。他们去全国各处最高学府访问参观，他们来这里研究我们虚拟现实的设置。我们为他建了一个虚拟现实系统，它看起来就像这样。 [放显示星际迷航指挥中心幻灯] 我们把系统放到红色警报。他是一个非常有趣的人。他可没预见到这个。 [笑] 遇见你儿时的偶像是很酷，但他来你的实验室看你做的精彩工作就更酷。而这真是一个让我得意的时刻。

All right, winning stuffed animals. This may seem mundane to you, but when you’re a little kid and you see the big buff guys walking around the amusement park and they got all these big stuffed animals, right? And this is my lovely wife, and I have a lot of pictures of stuffed animals I’ve won. [laughter] [shows slides of several large stuffed animals] That’s my dad posing with one that I won. I’ve won a lot of these animals. There’s my dad, he did win that one to his credit. And this was just a big part of my life and my family’s life. But you know, I can hear the cynics. In this age of digitally manipulated things, maybe those bears really aren’t in the pictures with me, or maybe I paid somebody five bucks to take a picture in the theme park next to the bear. And I said, how, in this age of cynicism can I convince people? And I said, I know, I can show them the bears! Bring them out. [several large stuffed animals are brought onto the stage] [laughter and clapping] Just put them back against the wall.

赢得玩具毛绒动物。这对你们可能看起来很平常，可当你是一个小孩子，你会看到大壮汉们在游乐园走来走去，拿着那些大毛绒动物，对不对？这是我可爱的妻子，我有很多我赢的毛绒动物的照片。 [笑] [放几个大毛绒动物的幻灯]就是我的爸爸跟我赢的毛绒动物的合影，我赢过很多。这还有我爸爸，他的确赢了这个。这些是我和我家生活的一个重要部分。但你知道，我能听到玩事不恭的人怀疑“在这个数码技术操控现实的时代，也许那些相片中玩具熊并没有真的和我在一起，也许我付了某人五块钱在主题公园的玩具熊旁照相”。我想，如何

在这个犬儒主义的时代，使人信服？我说，我知道，我可以让他们看见那些熊！带出来。 [舞台上搬来几个大毛绒动物] [笑声及掌声] 就把它们靠着墙放。

Jai Pausch (Randy’s wife):

洁.波许(兰迪的夫人)：

It’s hard to hear you. [adjusts Randy’s microphone]

很难听到你的声音。[调整兰迪的麦克风]

Randy Pausch:

Thanks honey. [laughter] So here are some bears. We didn’t have quite enough room in the moving truck down to Chesapeake, and anybody who would like a little piece of me at the end of this, feel free to come up, first come first served.

谢谢，亲爱的。 [笑] 我们的搬家卡车没有足够的空间把这些熊载到至切萨皮克，所以要有人在演讲结束时想要我生命的一部分，请自便上来拿，先到先得。

All right, my next one. Being an Imagineer. This was the hard one. Believe me,

getting to zero gravity is easier than becoming an Imagineer. When I was a kid, I was eight years old and our family took a trip cross-country to see Disneyland. And if you’ve ever seen the movie National Lampoon’s Vacation, it was a lot like that!

[laughter] It was a quest. [shows slides of family at Disneyland] And these are real vintage photographs, and there I am in front of the castle. And there I am, and for those of you who are into foreshadowing, this is the Alice ride. [laughter] And I just thought this was just the coolest coolest environment I had ever been in, and

instead of saying, gee, I want to experience this, I said, I want to make stuff like this.

好，下一个，做迪士尼幻想工程师。这个很难。相信我，去体验零重力比做迪士尼幻想工程师容易。我小时候，8岁时家人带我横跨美国去迪士尼乐园玩。如果你看电影“假期历险记”，跟哪个很像！ [笑]那是一次远征。 [放全家在迪士尼的幻灯] 这些都是好老的照片，这有我在城堡前面照的。还有，对在座的爱讲先兆的人，这是爱丽丝飞车。[笑] 我想这是我所呆过的最酷最酷的地方了。但我不是说，哎呀，我想体验这个，我说，我要造这些东西。

And so I bided time and then I graduated with my Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon,

thinking that meant me infinitely qualified to do anything. And I dashed off my

letters of applications to Walt Disney Imagineering, and they sent me some of the damned nicest go-to-hell letters I have ever gotten. [laughter] I mean it was just, we have carefully reviewed your application and presently we do not have any

positions available which require your particular qualifications.

所以我十年寒窗，由卡内基梅隆大学博士毕业，以为我的有资格干任何工作。我匆匆忙忙的给迪士尼幻想工程寄去申请信，他们给我一些我所受到的最超级友好的“见鬼去”式的回

信。[笑]信是这样一来的，我们已经仔细审查了你的申请，目前我们没有任何需要你特定资历的职位。

Now think about the fact that you’re getting this from a place that’s famous for guys who sweep the street. [laughter] So that was a bit of a setback. But remember, the brick walls are there for a reason. The brick walls are not there to keep us out. The brick walls are there to give us a chance to show how badly we want something. Because the brick walls are there to stop the people who don’t want it badly enough. They’re there to stop the other people.

现在想想你是从个以扫大街的人闻名的地方得到这些回绝信。 [笑] ，所以这是有点挫折。但请记住，砖墙在那里是有原因的。砖墙不是要挡住我们。砖墙是要给我们机会说明我们有多

迫切的想得到。因为砖墙是要阻挡那些不诚心的人，那些其他人。

All right, fast forward to 1991. We did a system back at the University of Virginia called Virtual Reality on Five Dollars a Day. Just one of those unbelievable spectacular things. I was so scared back in those days as a junior academic. Jim Foley’s here, and I just love to tell this story. He knew my undergraduate advisor, Andy Van Dam, and I’m at my first conference and I’m just scared to death. And this icon in the user interface community walks up to me and just out of nowhere just gives me this huge bear hug and he says, that was from Andy. And that was when I thought, ok, maybe I can make it. Maybe I do belong.

好，快进到1991年。我们早在维吉尼亚大学时做了个叫虚拟现实一天5元的系统。只是那些令人难以置信的精彩东西的其中之一。那时候作为一个资浅的教员，我非常战战兢兢。吉姆.佛勒在这里，我很爱讲这个故事。他认识我的本科导师，安迪.凡丹，我在我的第一次学术会议上，我怕得要死。这个用户界面圈的偶像走过来突然紧紧拥抱我说，这是来自安迪。自当

时我就想，好吧，也许我能够成功。也许我确实属于这一行。

And a similar story is that this was just this unbelievable hit because at the time, everybody needed a half a million to do virtual reality. And everybody felt frustrated. And we literally hacked together a system for about five thousand dollars in parts and made a working VR system. And people were just like, oh my god, you know, the Hewlett Packard garage thing. This is so awesome. And so in giving this talk and the room has just gone wild, and during the Q and A, a guy named Tom Furness, who was one of the big names in virtual reality at the time, he goes up to the microphone and he introduces himself. I didn’t know what he looked like but I sure as hell knew the name. And he asked a question. And I was like, I’m sorry did you say you were Tom Furness? And he said yes. I said, then I would love to answer your question, but first, will you have lunch with me tomorrow? [laughter] And there’s

a lot in that little moment, there’s a lot of humility but also asking a person where he can’t possibly say no. [laughter]

另一个类似的故事是，我们的系统是超乎意想的成功，因为在那个时候，大家都需要50万做虚拟现实。大家都为此感到沮丧。而我们实际上用了5千元部分的零件拼装了一套能用的系统。人们的反应是，我的上帝，惠普车库的故事又重来了。令人震憾。因此，我做报告时屋

里都沸腾了，在其后的问答时间里，一个叫汤姆.弗奈斯的人走到麦克风前介绍了他自己，他是虚拟现实界那时的大腕。我虽不认识他，但可是久闻大名。他接着问了一个问题。我说，

对不起，你说你是汤姆.弗奈斯？他说是的。我说，那么我很愿意回答你的问题，但首先，你愿意明天一起跟我吃午饭吗？ [笑] ，这个小插曲寓意很深，这里面有很多谦卑，但也让那人无法拒绝。 [笑]

And so Imagineering a couple of years later was working on a virtual reality project. This was top secret. They were denying the existence of a virtual reality attraction after the time that the publicity department was running the TV commercials. So Imagineering really had nailed this one tight. And it was the Aladdin attraction where you would fly a magic carpet, and the head mounted display, sometimes known as gator vision. And so I had an in. As soon as the project had just, you know they start running the TV commercials, and I had been asked to brief the Secretary of Defense on the state of virtual reality. OK, Fred Brooks and I had been asked to brief the Secretary of Defense, and that gave me an excuse. So I called them. I called Imagineering and I said, look, I’m briefing the Secretary of Defense. I’d like some materials on what you have because it’s one of the best VR systems in the world. And they kind of pushed back. And I said, look, is all this patriotism stuff in the parks a farce? And they’re like, hmm, ok. [laughter]

几年后迪士尼幻想工程在做一个绝密的虚拟现实项目。他们在宣传部门播了电视广告后，还

否认存在一个虚拟现实的景点。所以迪士尼幻想工程真是把保密工作做的滴水不漏。这就是

阿拉丁景点，在那里你可以飞魔毯，用头盔显示器，有时又称为短嘴鳄视像仪。那是我已不

是默默无闻。当项目刚，你知道，它们开始放电视广告，我被要求向国防部长介绍虚拟现实

的发展。嗯，是弗雷德布鲁克斯和我被要求做简报，这给了我一个借口。所以我打电话给他

们说，你看，我要给国防部长做简报。我想从你们那里拿些材料，因为你们的虚拟现实是世

界上最好的系统之一。他们有点不愿意。我说，你们看，你们整天在迪士尼乐园讲的爱国心

都是装样的吗？他们说“嗯，好吧。 [笑]

But they said this is so new the PR department doesn’t have any footage for you, so I’m going to have to connect you straight through to the team who did the work. Jackpot! So I find myself on the phone with a guy named Jon Snoddy who is one of the most impressive guys I have ever met, and he was the guy running this team, and it’s not surprising they had done impressive things. And so he sent me some stuff, we talked briefly and he sent me some stuff, and I said, hey, I’m going to be out in the area for a conference shortly, would you like to get together and have

lunch? Translation: I’m going to lie to you and say that I have an excuse to be in the area so I don’t look to anxious, but I would go to Neptune to have lunch with you! [laughter] And so Jon said sure, and I spent something like 80 hours talking with all the VR experts in the world, saying if you had access to this one unbelievable project, what would you ask? And then I compiled all of that and I had to memorize it, which anybody that knows me knows that I have no memory at all, because I couldn’t go in looking like a dweeb with, you know, [in dweeby voice] Hi, Question 72.

但他们说这项目很新，公关处没有任何视频给你，所以我必须要直接和做这个系统的部门直接联系。中大奖！所以，我就跟一个叫乔恩史诺地的人通电话，他是我曾见过人中最令人印象深刻的家伙，也是这个部门的头，难怪他们做出的活也让人印象深刻。所以他送我一些东西，我们短暂交谈，他送我一些东西，我就说，嘿，我不久要到你那里参加一个会议，你想不想在一起吃午餐？翻译：我会撒谎找个借口说我要到你那里，这样显得我不是上赶着见你，但即使你在海王星我也会去和你吃午饭！ [笑] 乔恩说，好啊。然后我花了大约80个小时跟世界上所有虚拟现实的专家交谈，说如果你有机会访问这个令人难以置信的项目，您会问什么问题？然后，我把他们所说的整理好，背熟。熟悉我的人都知道我记不住事。因为我不能去像个呆子，你知道， [傻傻声音]嘿，第72个问题。

So, I went in, and this was like a two hour lunch, and Jon must have thought he was talking to some phenomenal person, because all I was doing was channeling Fred Brooks and Ivan Sutherland and Andy Van Dam and people like that. And Henry Fuchs. So it’s pretty easy to be smart when you’re parroting smart people. And at the end of the lunch with Jon, I sort of, as we say in the business, made “the ask.” And I said, you know, I have a sabbatical coming up. And he said, what’s that? [laughter] The beginnings of the culture clash. And so I talked with him about the possibility of coming there and working with him. And he said, well that’s really good except, you know, you’re in the business of telling people stuff and we’re in the business of keeping secrets. And then what made Jon Snoddy Jon Snoddy was he said, but we’ll work it out, which I really loved.

所以，我去了，这是个约两小时的午餐，乔恩一定以为我是个非比寻常的人，因为我所做的就是当弗雷德布鲁克斯，伊凡.萨瑟兰，安迪.凡丹和亨利.福克斯等人的传声筒。所以你要跟聪明人学舌就非常容易显得聪明。在午餐结束时，我就，像我们在商业界说的，投石问路" 。我说，你知道，我要有一个学术假。他说，那是什么？ [笑]文化冲突的开端。所以，我跟他谈到能否到他那里与他一道工作。他说，很好，只是，你知道，你这一行的工作是告诉别人的东西，而我们这一行是保守机密。但乔恩史诺地就是乔恩史诺地，他接着说“但我们会想办法解决”，我听了很高兴。

The other thing that I learned from Jon Snoddy – I could do easily an hour long talk just on what have I learned from Jon Snoddy. One of the things he told me was that wait long enough and people will surprise and impress you. He said, when you’re

pissed off at somebody and you’re angry at them, you just haven’t given them enough time. Just give them a little more time and they’ll almost always impress you. And that really stuck with me. I think he’s absolutely right on that one. So to make a long story short, we negotiated a legal contract. It was going to be the first – some people referred to it as the first and last paper ever published by Imagineering.

另一点我从乔恩史诺地那里学到的 --我可以很容易地花一个小时谈我从乔恩史诺地那里学到

东西—是他告诉我，等足够长的时间，人们会让你惊讶，让你叹服。他说，当你对别人怨恼愤怒时，你只是还没有给他们足够的时间。给他们多一点时间，他们将几乎总能让你叹服。我觉得他说得真对。长话短说，我们达成了一项法律合同。迪士尼幻想工程将发表第一篇-有些人说是第一篇和最后一篇—学术文章。

That the deal was I go, I provide my own funding, I go for six months, I work with a project, we publish a paper. And then we meet our villain. [shows slide of a picture of a former dean of Randy’s] I can’t be all sweetness and light, because I have no credibility. Somebody’s head’s going to go on a stick. Turns out that the person who gets his head on a stick is a dean back at the University of Virginia. His name is not important. Let’s call him Dean Wermer. [laughter]

协议是是我去哪里，自己提供资金，干六个月，做个课题，发表一篇论文。然后我们上了坏人。 [放兰迪的前院长的照片]，我不能全都和风细雨，那样我就没有信用了。要拿个人的首级示众。这个人是我在维吉尼亚大学的院长。他的名字并不重要。让我们称呼他为沃莫院长。 [笑]

And Dean Wermer has a meeting with me where I say I want to do this sabbatical thing and I’ve actually got the Imagineering guys to let an academic in, which is insane. I mean if Jon hadn’t gone nuts, this would never have been a possibility. This is a very secretive organization. And Dean Wermer looks at the paperwork and he says, well it says they’re going to own your intellectual property. And I said, yeah, we go the agreement to publish the paper. There is no other IP. I don’t do patentable stuff. And says, yeah, but you might.And so deal’s off. Just go and get them to change that little clause there and then come back to me.

沃莫院长跟我见面。我说我想要休学术假，幻想工程允许一个学术界的人参与，这可是闻所未闻。我的意思是如果乔恩要是头脑清醒，这事就绝不可能。这是一个非常秘密的组织。沃莫院长看着文件说，嗯，这上面说他们将拥有你的知识产权。我说，是啊，我们同意发表论文。没有其他知识产权的问题。我也不申请专利。他说，没错，但你可能申请。所以这协议不行。你去让他们改变这一小条，然后再找我。

I’m like, excuse me? And then I said to him, I want you to understand how important this is. If we can’t work this out, I’m going to take an unpaid leave of

absence and I’m just going to go there and I’m going to do this thing. And he said, hey, I might not even let you do that. I mean you’ve got the IP in your head already and maybe they’re going to suck it out of you, so that’s not going to fly either. [laughter] It’s very important to know when you’re in a pissing match. And it’s very important to get out of it as quickly as possible.

我想，什么？然后我对他说，我希望你了解这有多重要。如果我们不能达成公识，，我会停薪留职，我还是要去那里做这件事。他说，嘿，我连这都可能不允许。我是说你脑子里已经有知识产权，而他们可能会把它挖出来，所以那样也不行。 [笑] 及早知道你在与人斗气非常重要，同样重要的是尽快从中解脱。

So I said to him, well, let’s back off on this. Do we think this is a good idea at all? He said, I have no idea if this is a good idea. I was like, OK, well we’ve got common ground there. Then I said, well is this really your call? Isn’t this the call of the Dean of Sponsored Research if it’s an IP issue? And he said, yeah, that’s true. I said, but so if he’s happy you’re happy? [So he says] Yeah, then I’d be fine. Whoosh! Like Wile E. Coyote [inaudible] And I find myself in Gene Block’s office, who is the most fantastic man in the world. And I start talking to Gene Block and I say let’s start at the high level, since I don’t want to have to back out again. So let’s start at the high level. Do you think this is a good idea? He said, well if you’re asking me if it’s a good idea, I don’t have very much information. All I know is that one of my star faculty members is in my office and he’s really excited, so tell me more. Here’s a lesson for everybody in administration. They both said the same thing. But think about how they said it, right? [In a loud, barking voice] I don’t know! [In a pleasant voice] Well, I don’t have much information, but one of my start faculty members is here and he’s all excited so I want to learn more. They’re both ways of saying I don’t know, but boy there’s a good way and a bad way. So anyway, we got it all worked out. I went to Imagineering. Sweetness and light. And all’s well that ends well.

所以我对他说，好，让我们先退一步。你觉得幻想工程这事对我们是个好主意吗？他说，我也心中无数。我想，好，我们有共同点。然后我说，关于知识产权问题，是以你说的为准吗，这不应该是赞助研究院院长来判断吗？他说，嗯，那是。我说，如果他同意你就同意？ [他说] 嗯，那我没问题。呼的一下，像大笨狼怀尔去追逐必必鸟必必鸟[卡通] ，嗖的一下，我已经在基因布若克的办公室，他是世界上最棒的人。我跟他说，让我们从宏观谈起，因为我不想再重蹈前辙。那在总体水平，你觉得这是不是个好主意？他说，如果你问我，我手头资料有限，但我知道我的明星教员在我的办公室而且他真的很为此兴奋，所以跟我仔细说说。这里是给管理人员的一个教训。他们都表示了同样的事。但想想他们是怎么说的？ [大嗓门咆哮] ：我不知道！ [宜人声音]好，我知道不多，但我的明星教员在我这里很兴奋，所以我想进一步了解。他们两个人都在说，我不知道，但一个是很好的方式，一个坏的方式。不管怎样，最后我们解决了问题。我去了幻想工程。皆大欢喜，如愿以尝.。

Some brick walls are made of flesh. So I worked on the Aladdin Project. It was absolutely spectacular, I mean just unbelievable. Here’s my nephew Christopher. [Shows slide of Christopher on Aladdin apparatus] This was the apparatus. You would sit on this sort of motorcycle-type thing. And you would steer your magic carpet and you would put on the head-mounted display. The head-mounted display is very interesting because it had two parts, and it was a very very clever design. To get throughput through, the only part that touched the guest’s head was this little cap and everything else clicked onto it – all the expensive hardware. So you could replicate the caps because they were basically free to manufacture. And this is what I really did is I was a cap cleaner during the sabbatical. [laughter]

一些砖墙是由人组成。我的工作是阿拉丁项目。这是美妙决仑，简直难以置信。这里是我的

侄子克里斯托弗。 [放克里斯在阿拉丁装置上的幻灯]这是装置。你坐在这种像摩托车样的东

西上。你可以驾驶你的魔毯，戴上头盔显示器。这头盔显示器是非常有趣，因为它有两个部分，这是一个非常巧妙的设计。只有一个小帽接触客户的头部以传输数据，其它部分，--所有昂贵的硬件—都可以卡在帽子上。所以你可以大量生产帽子，它们基本上没有成本。所以我

在学术假其间实际上就是洗帽子。 [笑]

I loved Imagineering. It was just a spectacular place. Just spectacular. Everything that I had dreamed. I loved the model shop. People crawling around on things the size of this room that are just big physical models. It was just an incredible place to walk around and be inspired. I’m always reminded of when I went there and people said, do you think the expectations are too high? And I said, you ever see the movie Charlie and the Chocolate Factory? Willy Wonka and The Chocolate Factory? Where Gene Wilder says to the little boy Charlie, he’s about to give him the chocolate factory. He says “Well Charlie, did anybody ever tell you the story of the little boy who suddenly got everything he ever wanted?” Charlie’s eyes get like saucers and he says, “No, what happened to him?” Gene Wilder says, “He lived happily ever after.” [laughter]

我热爱幻想工程。这是个宁人叹为观止的地方。真是壮观。有我所梦寐以求的一切，。我喜

欢模型工作室。人们在这个房间大小的的实体模型上爬来爬去。在那不可思议的地方走走，

你会受到激励。我总是记得当我去那里时有人问，你认为期望是不是太高？我说，你们都过

电影“查理和巧克力工厂”吗？或威利·旺卡和巧克力工厂？当王尔德对小男孩查理说，他要把巧克力工厂给他。他说： "查理，有没有人告诉过你小男孩突然得到他所想要的一切的故事" ？查理瞪大眼睛说： "没有，他后来怎么样了" ？王尔德说， "他从此生活在幸福快乐中 " 。 [笑声]

OK, so working on the Aladdin VR, I described it as a once in every five years opportunity, and I stand by that assessment. And it forever changed me. It wasn’t just that it was good work and I got to be a part of it. But it got me into the place of working with real people and real HCI user interface issues. Most HCI people live in

this fantasy world of white collar laborers with Ph.D.s and masters degrees. And you know, until you got ice cream spilled on you, you’re not doing field work. And more than anything else, from Jon Snoddy I learned how to put artists and engineers together, and that’s been the real legacy.

好的，参与阿拉丁项目，我认为这是五年一次的机会。它彻底改变了我。不仅仅是因为我参

加了一个很好的项目，而且是让我震颤接触社会，解决真正的的人机界面问题。大多数做人

机界面的人生活在这个由博士和硕士学位的白领劳工组成的幻想世界中。你知道，要是冰淇

淋没洒到你身上，你就不算做实地工作。最重要的，我从乔恩史诺地那学到了如何让艺术家

和工程师一起工作，这是真正的遗产。

We published a paper. Just a nice academic cultural scandal. When we wrote the paper, the guys at Imagineering said, well let’s do a nice big picture. Like you would in a magazine. And the SIGGRAPH committee, which accepted the paper, it was like this big scandal. Are they allowed to do that? [laughter] There was no rule! So we published the paper and amazingly since then there’s a tradition of SIGGRAPH papers having color figures on the first page. So I’ve changed the world in a small way. [laughter] And then at the end of my six months, they came to me and they said, you want to do it for real? You can stay. And I said no. One of the only times in my life I have surprised my father. He was like, you’re what? He said, since you were, you know, all you wanted, and now that you got it, and you’re… huh? There was a bottle of Maalox in my desk drawer. Be careful what you wish for. It was a particularly stressful place. Imagineering in general is actually not so Maalox-laden, but the lab I was in – oh, Jon left in the middle. And it was a lot like the Soviet Union. It was a little dicey for awhile. But it worked out OK. And if they had said, stay here or never walk in the building again, I would have done it. I would have walked away from tenure, I would have just done it. But they made it easy on me. They said you can have your cake and eat it too. And I basically become a day-a-week consultant for Imagineering, and I did that for about ten years. And that’s one of the reasons you should all become professors. Because you can have your cake and eat it too.

我们发表了一篇文章。那真是一个学术文化丑闻。当我们写文章时，幻想工程的人说，也让

我们放一张漂亮大照片上去。就像你在商业杂志上看见的那样。对计算机图形学专业组，尽

管接受了文章，这是离经叛道的行为。能允许他们这样做？ [笑]真是没有规矩！所以，我们

发表了文章，而令人惊奇的是从此以后计算机图形学专业组接受的论文都有了在第一页放彩

图的传统。所以我把世界改变了一点点。 [笑] ，六个月结束后，他们来对我说，你想真的做幻想工程师吗，你可以留下来。我说不。这是我一生唯一一次我让我的父亲出乎意料。他

说，“你什么？你打小就，你就要这个，现在你得到了，你又……啊”？我书桌抽屉里曾放有一瓶抗酸药。当心你许下的愿望（译者注：实现愿望会带给你一些你不想要的东西）。那

是一个特别紧张的工作。幻想工程总体上压力并不是那么压抑，但我在的哪个室，--哦，乔

恩中途就离开了。它很多地方像前苏联。曾经有点鹤唳风声。不过最后还好。如果他们说，“留下来，要不就再别走进这座楼”，我可能就干了。我可能就不要终身教职，而留下来。

但他们让我很容易选择。他们说，你可以因为你们可以既有蛋糕，又吃蛋糕。所以我基本上成了幻想工程一星期干一天的顾问，而我做了10年左右。这也是你们都应该做教授的原因。

因为你们可以既吃蛋糕，又有蛋糕。

I went and consulted on things like DisneyQuest. So there was the Virtual Jungle

Cruise. And the best interactive experience I think ever done, and Jesse Schell gets the credit for this, Pirates of the Caribbean. Wonderful at DisneyQuest.

我接下来咨询了项目如迪士尼探索，虚拟的丛林巡航。我觉得最好的互动体验是“加勒比海盗”杰西谢尔对此功不可没。非常美妙。

And so those are my childhood dreams. And that’s pretty good. I felt good about that. So then the question becomes, how can I enable the childhood dreams of others. And again, boy am I glad I became a professor. What better place to enable childhood dreams? Eh, maybe working at EA, I don’t know. That’d

probably be a good close second. And this started in a very concrete realization that I could do this, because a young man named Tommy Burnett, when I was at the University of Virginia, came to me, was interested in joining my research group.

And we talked about it, and he said, oh, and I have a childhood dream. It gets pretty easy to recognize them when they tell you. And I said, yes, Tommy, what is your childhood dream? He said, I want to work on the next Star Wars film. Now you got to remember the timing on this. Where is Tommy, Tommy is here today. What year would this have been? Your sophomore year.

所以这些都是我童年的梦想。挺好，我也感觉不错。那么接下来的问题是，我如何能让别人实现他们的童年梦想？。我再次为我当教授感到高兴。还有什么比学校更能让人实现童年梦想？嗯，也许是在艺电公司，我不知道。可能是仅次于这里吧。当我在弗吉尼亚大学时，有个年轻人名叫汤米巴内特的，找到我说，他有兴趣加入我的研究小组。这使我具体认识到我可以助人圆梦。因为我们谈论时，他说，哦，我有一个童年的梦想。当别人告诉你，你就很容易发现他们的梦想。我说，好啊，汤米，什么是你的童年梦想？他说，我想给下一个星球大战电影工作。你们要记住那是什么时候。汤米在那里，他今天来了，哪是那一年？你上大二。

Tommy (汤米):

It was around ’93.

大约93年

Randy Pausch:

Are you breaking anything back there young man? OK, all right, so in 1993. And I said to Tommy, you know they’re probably not going to make those next movies. [laughter] And he said, no, THEY ARE. And Tommy worked with me for a number of years as an undergraduate and then as a staff member, and then I moved to Carnegie Mellon, every single member of my team came from Virginia to Carnegie Mellon except for Tommy because he got a better offer. And he did indeed work on all three of those films.

你在那打破什么东西吗，年轻人？好，1993年。我对汤米说，你知道他们很可能不会拍下一部星战电影了。 [笑] 他说，不，他们会。汤米和我工作了好几年，先作为本科生，然后作为

职工，然后我转到卡内基梅隆大学，我研究组的每个人，除汤米外，都从弗吉尼亚来了。因

为他有一个更好的机会。他的确参与了三部星战电影的拍摄。

And then I said, well that’s nice, but you know, one at a time is kind of inefficient. And people who know me know that I’m an efficiency freak. So I said, can I do this in mass? Can I get people turned in such a way that they can be turned onto their childhood dreams? And I created a course, I came to Carnegie Mellon and I created a course called Building Virtual Worlds.

然后我说，很好，但你知道，一次一个效率可不高。了解我的人都知道我特别个注重效率。

所以，我说，我能大批量这么做吗？我可以那样改变人，让他们为儿时梦想而兴奋呢？我开

了一门课。我来到卡内基梅隆大学，我开了一个叫建立虚拟世界的课。

It’s a very simple course. How many people here have ever been to any of the shows? [Some people from audience raise hands] OK, so some of you have an idea. For those of you who don’t, the course is very simple. There are 50 students drawn from all the different departments of the university. There are randomly chosen teams, four people per team, and they change every project. A project only lasts two weeks, so you do something, you make something, you show something, then I shuffle the teams, you get three new playmates and you do it again. And it’s every two weeks, and so you get five projects during the semester.

它是个很简单的课程。有多少人在这里曾参加过？ [有些观众举手] 好，有些人知道。对于你

们这些人不了解的人，其实很简单。从学校不同系来的50名学生。每4 个人随机编成一小组，每个课题小组成员都不同。一个课题只持续两个星期，所以你做一点，造一点，展示一点，然后我从新编组，你与三个新组员再做一个课题。每两星期一个，所以一个学期你可以

做五个课题。

The first year we taught this course, it is impossible to describe how much of a tiger by the tail we had. I was just running the course because I wanted to see if we could do it. We had just learned how to do texture mapping on 3D graphics, and we could make stuff that looked half decent. But you know, we were running on

西湖七月半

西湖七月半 预习案 一、文学常识 1、本文作者（）字宗子，又字石公，号（），浙江山阴人。 2、张岱文学创作以（）见长，本文就是一篇（） 3、张岱作品的内容（） 4、张岱作品的风格（）。 5、张岱主要作品（） 探究案 二、分析课文 原文： 西湖七月半，一无可看，止．可看看七月半之人。 重点字词： 分析课文： 1、本句作用是什么？答：开篇明义，领起下文，描摹世风民情 原文： 看七月半之人，以五类看之。其一，楼船箫鼓，峨冠 ．．，声光相乱．，名为看月 ．．盛装，灯火优傒 而实不见月者，看之；其一，亦船亦楼，名娃闺秀，携及童娈 ．．，笑啼杂之，还坐露台，左右 盼望，身在月下而实不看月者，看之；其一，亦船亦声歌，名妓闲僧，浅斟低唱，弱管轻丝 ．．．．．．．．．， 竹肉相发 ．．，酒．．．．，亦在月下，亦看月，而欲人看其看月者，看之；其一，不舟不车，不衫不帻 醉饭饱，呼群三五，跻．入人丛，昭庆、断桥，嘄呼嘈杂，装假醉，唱无腔曲，月亦看，看月者亦看，不看月者亦看，而实无一看者，看之；其一，小船轻幌，净几．煖炉，茶铛旋煮，素 瓷静递，好友佳人，邀月同坐，或匿影 ．．里湖，看月而人不见其看月之态，亦不 ．．树下，或逃嚣 作意 ．．看月者，看之。 重点字词： 分析课文： 1、本段写了几种人？其情态如何？ 2、本段语言特色？ 3、举出语言生动传神的句子？

4、举出笔调轻松随意诙谐的句子？ 5、“匿影 ．．树下”者在后文有没有出现过？ 6、、不舟不车，不衫不帻，酒醉饭饱，呼群三五，跻入人丛，昭庆、断桥，嘄呼嘈杂，装假醉，唱无腔曲 这是写的第几类人？作者对他们持什么态度？ 1、这段话可见，作者最欣赏哪一种人？ 原文： 杭人游湖，巳出酉归，避月如仇。是夕好名，逐队争出，多犒门军酒钱，轿夫擎燎，列俟．岸上。一入舟，速．舟子急放．断桥，赶入胜会。以故二鼓以前，人声鼓吹，如沸如撼，如魇如呓，如聋如哑；大船小船一齐凑岸，一无所见，止见篙击篙，舟触舟，肩摩肩，面看面而已。少刻兴尽，官府席散，皂隶喝道去。轿夫叫船上人，怖．以关门。灯笼火把如列星，一一簇拥而去。岸上人亦逐队赶门，渐稀渐薄，顷刻散尽矣。吾辈始舣．舟近岸。断桥石磴始凉，席．其上，呼客纵饮。 此时月如镜新磨，山复整妆，湖复颒面 ．．。向之浅斟低唱者出，匿影树下者亦出，吾辈往通声 气，拉与同坐。韵友 ．．来，名妓至，杯箸安，竹肉发。月色苍凉，东方将白，客方散去。吾辈 纵舟 ．．，酣睡于十里荷花之中，香气拘人，清梦甚惬．。 重点字词： 分析课文： 1、本段写作上的特点是什么？ 2、本段写了哪些人对比？ 3、分析“杭人游湖”与“吾辈”赏月构成对比情景？ 4、本文主题？（立意）如何评价？ 5、作者怎样将景人结合起来的？ 6、“杭人游湖”是否包括“吾辈”？

满江红译文

满江红译文： 我怒发冲冠，独自登高凭栏，阵阵风雨刚刚停歇。我抬头远望天空一片高远壮阔。我禁不住仰天长啸，一片报国之心充满心怀。三十多年的功名如同尘土，八千里经过多少风云人生。好男儿，要抓紧时间为国建功立业，不要空空将青春消磨，等年老时徒自悲切。靖康年间的奇耻大辱，至今也不能忘却。作为国家臣子的愤恨，何时才能泯灭！我要驾上战车，踏破贺兰山缺。我满怀壮志，发誓喝敌人的鲜血，吃敌人的肉。待我重新收复旧日山河，再带着捷报向国家报告胜利的消息。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 岳飞简介： 岳飞(1103-1142)，字鹏举，相州汤阴(今属河南)人。出身贫寒，二十岁应募为“敢战士”，身经百战，屡建奇功，是南宋初期的抗金名将。绍兴十年(1140)统率岳家军大破金兵于郾城，进军朱仙镇，准备渡河收复中原失地。但朝廷执行投降政策，勒令其退兵。后被赵构、秦桧以“莫须有”的罪名杀害。岳飞流传下来的作品不多，但都是充满爱国激情的佳作。有《岳武穆集》，为后人所编。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 满江红赏析一： 满江红这首词，代表了岳飞“精忠报国”的英雄之志，表现出一种浩然正气、英雄气质，表现了报国立功的信心和乐观主义精神。“壮志饥餐胡虏肉，笑谈渴饮匈奴血。”“侍从头、收拾旧山河”。把收复山河的宏愿，把艰苦的征战，以一种乐观主义精神表现出来，读了这首词，使人体会，只有胸怀大志，思想高尚的人，才能写出感人的词句。在岳飞的这首词中，词里句中无不透出雄壮之气，充分表现作者忧国报国的壮志胸怀。 从“怒发冲冠”到“仰天长啸”，先是写在家里庭院中的情况，他凭观栏雨，按说这是一种很惬意的生活，可是却按不住心头之恨而怒发冲冠。一句“仰天长啸”，道出了精忠报国的急切心情。 “三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。”说明了岳飞高尚的人生观，两句话把作者的爱与恨，追求与厌恶，说得清清楚楚。岳飞在这里非常巧妙地运用了“尘与土”；“云和月”。表白了自己的观点，既形象又很有诗意。 “莫等闲、白了少年头，空悲切。”这两句话很好理解，可作用很大，接着上面表达出的壮烈胸怀，急切期望早日为国家收复山河，不能等待了！到了白了少年头，那悲伤都来不及了。它有力地结束词的上片所表达的作者心情。

采桑子·清明上巳西湖好原文-翻译及赏析

采桑子·清明上巳西湖好原文|翻译及赏析 写作背 北宋皇祐三年（1049年），欧阳修赴颍州任职。颍州的西湖是当时的游览名胜，欧阳修被那里的旖旎光陶醉了，他把颍州选为晚年居住之所，多次来往其地，并一连写下十首《采桑子》吟咏西湖胜景。这十首词意境优美，风采各异。这首《采桑子》是其中的一篇。 作品鉴赏 这首词是写清明时节西湖游春的热闹繁华景象，从侧面来写西湖之美，着意描绘游春的欢乐气氛。古时以农历三月上旬巳日为上巳，这一天历来有到水滨踏青的习俗。《梦梁录》卷二载：三月三日上已之辰，曲水流觞故事，起于晋时。唐朝赐宴曲江，倾都禊饮踏青，亦是此意。《东京梦华录》也记载：四野如市，往往就芳树之下，或园囿之间，罗列杯盘，互相劝酬。都城之歌儿舞女，遍满园亭，抵暮而归。这就可以看出是郊外人们游春的盛况。西湖景色迷人，是游人的最佳去处。看绿柳丛中，车如流水马如龙，争相抢道，西湖岸上，游人如织，各色人等都在享受欣赏着大好春光。词人自己也乘着朱轮钿车加入了这欢乐春游的队伍。 词上片描绘的是一幅白天西湖春游图。下片写游人返归的景象。日暮时分，酒醒了的、还在醉着的，前后相将归家。从西湖弯斜的堤

岸一直到城头，一路之上，头攒动。直到城头总是花，这里既指从西湖到颍州城下的路边鲜花盛开，又当指一路上游人皆头上簪花而归。唐宋时，人们有采花簪头之俗，无论男女。如杜牧《九日齐安登高》中即写道：尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归。苏轼《次韵苏伯固主簿重九》说道：髻重不嫌黄菊满，手香新喜绿橙搓。刘克庄《上巳》也有句云：暮归尚有清狂态，乱插花满角巾。可见，直到城头总是花，写的是人们春游而归，头上簪花络绎回城的情景。 清明上巳时节，是古人往水边游玩的时侯。以这样一个游览的时节，再加上西湖这样一个游览胜地，真可谓良辰美景，两者铸备，热闹景象自是非同寻常。本词所表现的正是一派盛景，满目繁华即为全词的核心。 满目繁华的特点，首先体现在对游者的描写上，这也是作品表现的重点。游者一是多，二是欢。游者之多，在词中写道：争道谁家，绿柳朱轮走锢车。这一句写了两种不同的游者，一种是乘车者，一种是徒步者。车多，才会引起人们的争相指点；行者多，也才可能出现争道的景状。最后这两句用寥寥数字，展示出了一个毂击肩摩的游览盛况。另外，下片喧哗一词，又从音响的角度突出了游者之多，以西湖这样的敝廓之地，竟有人声鼎沸之感，那行人熙来攘往的情景是可想而知的了。何以见出游者之欢？从上述行人争道谁家车的描写中，已传出一片欢快活跃的气氛，接着写游人日暮归返时的醒醉二字，更是道尽了游者各各相异的神态。这令人想起明代文学家张岱在《西湖七月半》一文中对各种赏月人的生动描写：他们有的浅

《世说新语两则》原文译文作者简介习题及答案

世说新语两则 原文 《咏雪》 谢太傅寒雪日内集，与儿女讲论文义。俄而雪骤，公欣然曰：“白雪纷纷何所似”兄子胡儿曰：“撒盐空中差可拟。”兄女曰：“未若柳絮因风起。”公大笑乐。即公大兄无奕女，左将军王凝之妻也。 《陈太丘与友期》 陈太丘与友期行，期日中，过中不至，太丘舍去，去后乃至。元方时年七岁，门外戏。客问元方：“尊君在不”答曰：“待君久不至，已去。”友人便怒：“非人哉！与人期行，相委而去。”元方曰：“君与家君期日中，日中不至，则是无信；对子骂父，则是无礼。” 友人惭，下车引之，元方入门不顾。 译文 《咏雪》译文 一个寒冷的雪天，谢太傅把家人聚会在一起，跟子侄辈的人讲解诗文。不久，雪下得大了，太傅高兴地说：“这纷纷扬扬的大雪像什么呢”他哥哥的长子胡儿说：“跟把盐撒在空中差不多。”他哥哥的女儿道说：“不如比作风把柳絮吹得满天飞舞。”太傅高兴得笑了起来。她就是谢太傅的长兄无奕的女儿,左将军王凝之的妻子。 本文通过写咏雪,表现了谢道韫的聪明智慧,才华出众. 《陈太丘与友期》译文 陈太丘跟一个朋友约定一同出门，约好正午时碰头。正午已过，不见那朋友来，太丘不再等候就走了。太丘走后，那人才来。太丘的长子陈元方那年七岁，当时正在门外玩。那人便问元方：“你爸爸在家吗”元方答道：“等你好久都不来，他已经走了。”那人便发起脾气来，骂道：“真不是东西！跟别人约好一块儿走，却把别人丢下，自个儿走了。” 元方说：“您跟我爸爸约好正午一同出发，您正午到，就是不讲信用；对人家儿子骂他的父亲，就是失礼。” 那人感到惭愧，便从车里下来，想跟元方握手，元方连头也不回地走进了自家的大字词解释作者简介 刘义庆(403—444)，彭城(今江苏徐州市)人，南朝宋文学家。宋武帝刘裕侄，长沙景王刘道怜次子，继于叔父临川王刘道规，袭封临川王，征为侍中。文帝时，转散骑常侍、秘书

(完整word版)秋瑾《满江红》原文、译文及赏析

1、满江红·小住京华-【作者简介】 秋瑾（1875－1907），近代民主革命志士，原名秋闺瑾，字璇卿，号旦吾，乳名玉姑，东渡后改名瑾，易字（或作别号）竞雄，自称“鉴湖女侠”，笔名秋千，曾用笔名白萍，祖籍浙江山阴（今绍兴），生于福建闽县（今福州），其蔑视封建礼法，提倡男女平等，常以花木兰、秦良玉自喻，性豪侠，习文练武，曾自费东渡日本留学。积极投身革命，先后参加过三合会、光复会、同盟会等革命组织，联络会党计划响应萍浏醴起义未果。1907年，她与徐锡麟等组织光复军，拟于7月6日在浙江、安徽同时起义，事泄被捕。7月15日从容就义于绍兴轩亭口。 秋瑾出生在没落的官僚地主家庭，自幼虽然受到封建礼教的束缚，但她性格豪放，秉性聪慧，少时就喜舞剑，善骑马，蔑视封建礼教，具有反抗精神。 秋瑾18岁时，嫁给湖南人王子芳。王子芳，名子芳，字廷钧，是一个暴发户的浮荡子弟。1898年前后王子芳用钱捐了个户部主事的小京官，秋瑾跟随丈夫到了北京，词中“小住京华”指的是这回事。在寓京期间她接受了新思想、新文化，并在当时的革命形势影响下，立志要挽救国家民族的危亡，要求妇女独立与解放。 1903年中秋节，秋瑾与丈夫王子芳发生冲突，从家出走，寓居北京阜城门外泰顺客栈。秋瑾下决心冲破家庭牢笼，投身革命，不久即东渡日本留学。这首《满江红》作者是秋瑾，她在词中说自己“身不得男儿

列，心却比男儿烈。”这年秋瑾三十岁，有感于民族危机，抛家别子，女扮男装，东渡日本，去追求另样的人生，去寻求民族振兴的道路。 这是她在1903年中秋节的述怀之作，反映了她在封建婚姻家庭和旧礼教的束缚中，走向革命道路前夕的苦闷彷徨和雄心壮志的开阔胸怀。 2满江红·小住京华原文 小住京华，早又是，中秋佳节。为篱下，黄花开遍，秋容如拭。四面歌残终破楚，八年风味独思浙。苦将侬，强派作蛾眉，殊未屑！ 身不得，男儿列；心却比，男儿烈！算平生肝胆，因人常热，俗夫胸襟谁识我？英雄末路当磨折。莽红尘，何处觅知音，青衫湿！ 【注释】 ①京华：京城之美称。因京城是文物、人才汇集之地，故称为京华。 ②四面歌残终破楚：此处用《史记·项羽本纪》中汉军破楚的故事，来比喻说明自己终于冲破家庭牢笼。 ③八年风味独思浙：应为“独思浙八年风味”的倒装。指作者在浙江时过的貌似贵妇的生活，实则处于被奴役的地位。 ④娥眉：漂亮的女人,美女。指作者当时的贵妇人身份。

《十五从军征》拼音版(含译文)

十五从军征全文拼音版（注音版）： shí wǔ cóng jūn zhēng ，bā shí shǐ dé guī。 dào féng xiāng lǐ rén ：jiā zhōng yǒu ē shuí？ yáo kàn shì jūn jiā，sōng bǎi zhǒng léi léi 。 tù cóng gǒu dòu rù，zhì cóng liáng shàng fēi 。 zhōng tíng shēng lǚ gǔ，jǐng shàng shēng lǚ kuí。 chōng gǔ chí zuò fàn ，cǎi kuí chí zuò gēng 。 gēng fàn yī shí shú，bù zhī yíē shuí！ chū mén dōng xiàng kàn ，lèi luò zhān wǒ yī。 十五从军征全文（原文）： 十五从军征，八十始得归。 道逢乡里人：家中有阿谁？ 遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。 兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。 中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。 舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。 羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁！ 出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。 十五从军征全文翻译（译文）： 十五岁就应征去参军，八十岁才退伍回到故乡家中。 半路上碰到一个故乡的村民，问：“我家里面还有什么人？” “你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。'

走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在梁上飞来飞去。 院子里长着野生的谷子，野菜环绕着井台。 捋些野谷舂米来做饭，摘下葵叶煮汤算是菜。 汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知应该送给谁一起分享。 走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横洒落在征衣上。 十五从军征字词句解释（意思）： 始：才；归：回家。 道逢：在路上遇到；道：路途上。 阿（ē）：语气词，没有实在意义。 君：你，表示尊敬的称呼；遥看：远远地望去。 松柏（bǎi）：松树、柏树。 冢累累：坟墓一个连着一个。冢（zhǒng），坟墓、高坟。累累（léi léi），与“垒垒”通，连续不断的样子。 狗窦：给狗出入的墙洞。窦（dòu），洞穴。 雉（zhì）：野鸡。 中庭：屋前的院子。 旅：旅生，植物未经播种而野生； 旅葵（kuí）：葵菜，嫩叶可以吃。 舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉谷子的皮壳或捣碎。 羹（gēng）：用菜叶做的汤。 一时：一会儿就。 贻（yí）：送，赠送。

十五从军征译文赏析

十五从军征 （汉）《乐府诗集》 十五从军征，八十始得归。 道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁？” “遥望是君家，松柏冢累累。” 兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞， 中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。 舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。 羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁。 出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。 注释 始：才。 归：回家。 道逢：在路上遇到 道：路途。 阿（a）：在文章中是一个语音词 君：你，表示尊敬的称呼。 遥看:远远的看 柏（bǎi）：松树。 冢（zhǒng）：坟墓。 累累：与“垒垒”通，形容丘坟一个连一个的样子。 狗窦（gǒu dòu）：给狗出入的墙洞，窦,洞穴。 雉（zhì）:野鸡 中庭:屋前的院子 生：长 旅谷：植物未经播种叫“旅生”。旅生的谷叫“旅谷”。 旅葵(kuí)：即野葵。 舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉皮壳或捣碎。 持：用。 作：当作 羹（gēng)：菜。糊状的 一时：一会儿就 贻（yí）：送，赠送 沾：渗入 译文 十五岁就应征去参军，八十岁才退伍回到故乡家中。 路上碰到一个乡下的邻居，问：“我家里还有什么人？” “你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。” 走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在屋脊上飞来飞去。 院子里长着野生的谷子，野生的葵菜环绕着井台。 用捣掉壳的野谷来做饭，摘下葵叶煮汤算是菜。 汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知赠送给谁吃。 走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横洒落在征衣上。

浅析 十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁？”“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作飰（饭），采葵持作羹。羹飰一时熟，不知贻阿谁。出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。 《十五从军征》，是一首暴露封建社会不合理的兵役制度的汉代乐府民歌，反映了劳动人民在当时黑暗的兵役制度下的不平和痛苦。作品真实、深刻、令人感愤，催人泣下。 诗的开头，统摄全篇、韵长旨远：“十五从军征，八十始得归。”一个芳年稚齿、未谙世事、生气勃勃的少年，转瞬成了一个龙钟老态的皤然衰翁。那漫长的六十五年的岁月是在哪里，是怎样度过的呢？作者没有写，却以此把读者带进了深沉绵远的诗的意境，同主人公一起去体味接下去作品所描写的怆神寒骨，冰冷严酷的现实。一个“从军征”的“征”字，概括了主人公六十五年的戎马生涯；一个“始得归”的“始”字，准确、精到地传达了主人公六十五年昼思夜家，愁肠几断，盼归不得，年朽力衰方得回转家园的亦悲亦喜，说不清是悲是喜的复杂心情。作者没有絮絮描述这个老士兵六十五年南北征战、杀敌立功、九死一生的惊心动魄的往事。那些，对于年及八旬、日日沙场、夜夜枕戈、乡音久绝的主人公来说，早已习以为常、无甚新鲜了。或者说那些或足自慰或不堪回首的往事，与他此时此地急切渴望知晓家况的心情相比，实实微不足道、不劳挂齿了。平平常常的十个字，突出了主人公不平凡的特殊经历和当时心境心情，创造了足以笼罩全诗的氛围。 “道逢乡里人，‘家中有阿谁？’”主人公的思想脉络由六十五年的征战生活进入邈邈旷野、漫漫古道，对亲人家园的现状由茫然无际的想象到急切的、盼知又怕知的询问，读者由开头两句诗展开的遐想的翅翼也在主人公焦急的劈头问话声中收束。同没有详述主人公六十五年的征战生活一样，作品也省去了对他餐风宿露、匆匆赶路、与乡亲邂逅相遇的惊喜的描摹，一句“家中有阿谁”的追问，推出了作品的聚光点——家。“少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰”，六十五年了，岂敢奢望阖家无恙、亲人健在？能有一二幸存者已是不幸中之万幸了。所以他只问，家中还有谁侥幸苟活人世呢？可是，“乡里人”的回答却如站在冰天雪地里当头浇下的一盆冰凌未澌的水：“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”在这动乱的年月，我可亲可爱的亲人们啊，竟无一幸存者吗？满怀希望，满腹衷情，六十五年的风霜雨雪，六十五年积压心底的感情，向谁倾诉、向谁表达啊？唯有那青青松柏、垒垒坟冢吗？那，就是我的家吗？不，不，不可能！ 摆在他面前的现实是：“兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。”由遥看到近见，满眼更加荒凉凄楚的景象。作者没说室空无人，而是抓住野兔见人钻进家畜窝中自以为得所，野鸡惊飞落到屋内梁上自以为安的情景；作者没有直书庭园荒芜杂乱，只摄取了井边、中庭随意生长的葵菜和谷物两个“镜头”，人去屋空，人亡园荒，更其形象，倍伤人心神。你看，一个风尘仆仆的老人，站在曾经炊火融融、庭园整洁的“家”的面前，孑然一身，形影茕茕，盼望了六十五年可又无一亲人相迎的家，竟然比想象的还不堪十倍、百倍……这是怎样一种情境，将掀起读者怎样的感情波澜呢？作者没有直接抒写渲染感情，作品却收到比直接抒情更强烈的抒情效果。 有些迷蒙、有些浑噩、有些凄怆的老人，象对“松柏冢累累”不闻不见一样，对荒凉的家园的感触也变得麻木了。于是，他默默无言地舂去成熟的谷子的皮壳，采下冬葵嫩嫩的叶子。而当饭熟羹沸时，他才恍然想起不知该给谁吃。 “出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。”他走出年久失修的破门，向东方看去，他也许还抱着希望，他看到了谁？看到了什么呢？他也许看到了久别的亲人？也许什么也没有看。他茫然地从幻想中走出来，潸然泪下。他已不能象年轻人那样嚎啕大哭，只有那凝聚着六十五年的艰辛、六十五年的思念、六十五年的盼待、六十五年的沙场风尘、六十五年人世沧桑的老泪，扑簌簌落到满布征尘的衣襟上。“泪落沾我衣”五个字，饱和了多么丰富、多么深厚、多么沉痛

西湖七月半 张岱(原文及译文)

西湖七月半张岱 西湖七月半，一无可看，只可看看七月半之人。看七月半之人，以五类看之。其一，楼船箫鼓，峨冠盛筵，灯火优傒(xī)，声光相乱，名为看月而实不见月者，看之。其一，亦船亦楼，名娃闺秀，携及童娈，笑啼杂之，环坐露台，左右盼望，身在月下而实不看月者，看之。其一，亦船亦声歌，名妓闲僧，浅斟低唱，弱管轻丝，竹肉相发，亦在月下，亦看月，而欲人看其看月者，看之。其一，不舟不车，不衫不帻（zé），酒醉饭饱，呼群三五，跻(jī)入人丛，昭庆、断桥，嚣呼嘈杂，装假醉，唱无腔曲，月亦看，看月者亦看，不看月者亦看，而实无一看者，看之。其一，小船轻幌，净几暖炉，茶铛chēng)旋(xuàn)煮，素瓷静递，好友佳人，邀月同坐，或匿(nì)影树下，或逃嚣里湖，看月而人不见其看月之态，亦不作意看月者，看之。 杭人游湖，巳(sì)出酉（yǒu）归，避月如仇。是夕好名，逐队争出，多犒门军酒钱，轿夫擎燎，列俟岸上。一入舟，速舟子急放断桥，赶入胜会。以故二鼓以前，人声鼓吹，如沸如撼，如魇(yǎn)如呓（yì），如聋如哑，大船小船一齐凑岸，一无所见，止见篙（gao）击篙，舟触舟，肩摩肩，面看面而已。少刻兴尽，官府席散，皂隶喝道去。轿夫叫船上人，怖以关门，灯笼火把如列星，一一簇拥而去。岸上人亦逐队赶门，渐稀渐薄，顷刻散尽矣。 吾辈始舣(yǐ)舟近岸。断桥石磴(dèng)始凉，席其上，呼客纵饮。此时月如镜新磨，山复整妆，湖复颒(huì)面，向之浅斟低唱者出，匿影树下者亦出，吾辈往通声气，拉与同坐。韵友来，名妓至，杯箸(zhù)安，竹肉发。月色苍凉，东方将白，客方散去。吾辈纵舟，酣睡于十里荷花之中，香气拍人，清梦甚惬。 西湖七月半（译文） 西湖的七月半，没有什么可看的，只可以看看七月半的人。看七月半的人，可以分五类来看。其中一类，坐在有楼饰的游船上，吹箫击鼓，戴着高冠，穿着漂亮整齐的衣服，灯火明亮，优伶、仆从相随，乐声与灯光相错杂，名为看月而事实上并未看见月亮的人，可以看看这一类人。一类，也坐在游船上，船上也有楼饰，带着有名的美人和贤淑有才的女子，还带着美童，嘻笑中夹着打趣的叫喊声，环坐在大船前的露台上，左盼右顾，置身月下但其实并没有看月的人，可以看看这一类人。一类，也坐着船，也有音乐和歌声，跟著名歌妓、清闲僧人一起，慢慢喝酒，曼声歌唱，箫笛、琴瑟之乐轻柔细缓，萧管伴和着歌声齐发，也置身月下，也看月，而又希望别人看他们看月，这样的人，可以看看这一类人。又一类，不坐船不乘车，不穿长衫也不带头巾，喝足了酒吃饱了饭，叫上三五个人，成群结队地挤入人丛，在昭庆寺、断桥一带高声乱嚷喧闹，假装发酒疯，唱不成腔调的歌曲，月也看，看月的人也看，不看月的人也看，而实际上什么也没有看见的人，可以看看这一类人。还有一类，乘着小船，船上挂着细而薄的帏幔，茶几洁净，茶炉温热，茶铛很快地把水烧开，白色瓷碗轻轻地传递，约了好友美女，请月亮和他们同坐，有的隐藏在树荫之下，有的去里湖逃避喧闹，尽管在看月，而人们看不到他们看月的样子，他们自己也不刻意看月，这样的人，可以看看。 杭州人游西湖，上午十点左右出门，下午六点左右回来，如怨仇似地躲避月亮。这天晚上爱虚名，一群群人争相出城，多赏把守城门的士卒一些小费，轿夫高举火把，在岸上列队等候。一上船，就催促船家迅速把船划到断桥，赶去参加盛会。因此二鼓以前人声和鼓乐声恰似水波涌腾、大地震荡，又犹如梦魇和呓语，周围的人们既听不到别人的说话声，又无法让别人听到自己说话的声音；大船小舟一起靠岸，什么也看不见，只看到船篙与船篙相撞，船与船相碰，肩膀与肩膀相摩擦，脸和脸相对而已。一会儿兴致尽了，官府宴席已散，由衙役吆喝开道而去。轿夫招呼船上的人，以关城门来恐吓游人，使他们早归，灯笼和火把像一行行星星，一一簇拥着回去。岸上的人也一批批急赴城门，人群慢慢稀少，不久就全部散去了。 这时，我们才把船靠近湖岸。断桥边的石磴也才凉下来，大家坐在上面，招呼客人开怀畅饮。此时月亮仿佛刚刚磨过的铜镜，光洁明亮，山峦重新整理了容妆，湖水重新整洗面目。原来慢慢喝酒、曼声歌唱的人出来了，隐藏树荫下的人也出来了，我们这批人去和他们打招呼，拉来同席而坐。风雅的朋友来了，出名的歌妓也来了，杯筷安置，歌乐齐发。直到月色灰白清凉，东方即将破晓，客人刚刚散去。我们这些人放船在十里荷花之间，畅快地安睡，花香飘绕于身边，清梦非常舒适。

【精品】《世说新语》及翻译

《世说新语》及翻译 1 华歆、王朗俱乘船避难，有一人欲依附，歆辄难之① 。朗曰：“ 幸尚宽，何为 不可？” 后贼追至，王欲舍所携人。歆曰：“ 本所以疑，正为此耳。既已纳其自托，宁可以急相弃邪② ！” 遂携拯如初。世以此定华、王之优劣。 【注释】 ① 避难（ nàn ）：这里指躲避汉魏之交的动乱。辄：立即；就。 ② 疑：迟疑；犹豫不决。纳其自托：接受了他的托身的请求，指同意他搭船。 【译文】 华歆、王朗一同乘船避难，有一个人想搭他们的船，华歆马上对这一要求表示为难。王朗说：“ 好在船还宽，为什么不行呢？” 后来强盗追来了，王朗就想甩掉那个搭 船人。华歆说：“ 我当初犹豫，就是为的这一点呀。已经答应了他的请求，怎么可 以因为情况紧迫就抛弃他呢！” 便仍旧带着并帮助他。世人凭这件事来判定华歆和 王朗的优劣。 2 钟毓、钟会少有令誉① 。年十三，魏文帝闻之，语其父钟繇曰：“ 可令二子来！”② 于是敕见③ 。毓面有汗，帝曰：“ 卿面何以汗？” 毓对曰：“ 战战惶惶，汗出如浆④ 。” 复问会：“ 卿何以不汗？” 对曰：“ 战战栗栗，汗不敢出⑤ 。”【注释】 ① 钟毓（ yù ）、钟会：是兄弟俩。钟毓，字稚叔，小时候就很机灵，十四岁任散骑侍郎，后升至车骑将军。钟会，字士季，小时也很聪明，被看成是非常人物，后累迁镇西将军、司徒，因谋划反帝室，被杀。令誉：美好的声誉。 ② 钟繇（ yáo ）：任相国职。 ③ 敕（ chì）：皇帝的命令。 ④ 战战惶惶：害怕得发抖。浆：凡较浓的液体都可叫做浆。按：惶、浆二字押韵。 ⑤ 战战栗栗：害怕得发抖。按：栗、出二字亦押韵。 【译文】 钟毓、钟会兄弟俩少年时就有好名声，钟毓十三岁时，魏文帝听说他们俩，便对他们的父亲钟繇说：“ 可以叫两个孩子来见我！” 于是下令赐见。进见时钟毓脸上有汗，文帝问道：“ 你脸上为什么出汗？” 钟毓回答说：“ 战战惶惶，汗出如浆。” 文帝又问钟会：“ 你为什么不出汗？” 钟会回答说：“ 战战栗栗，汗不敢出。” 3 钟毓兄弟小时，值父昼寝，因共偷服药酒① 。其父时觉，且托寐以观之② 。 毓拜而后饮，会饮而不拜。既而问毓何以拜，毓曰：“ 酒以成礼，不敢不拜。” 又 问会何以不拜，会曰：“ 偷本非礼，所以不拜。” 【注释】 ①“ 钟毓” 句：这一则故事与本篇第 4 则孔文举二子偷酒事略同，大概是同一件事，只是传闻各异。因：于是；就。 ② 托寐（ mèi ）：假装睡着了。 【译文】 钟毓兄弟俩小时候，一次正碰上父亲白天睡觉，于是一块去偷药酒喝。他父亲当时

《十五从军征》拼音版含译文及赏析

《十五从军征》拼音版含译文及赏析 十五从军征全文拼音版（注音版）： SHWCNGJNZHNG ，BSHSHDGU 。 DOFNGXINGLRN ：JIZHNGYUSHU ？YOKNSHJNJI ，SNGBIZHNGLILI 。 TCNGGUDUR ，ZHCNGLINGSHNGFI 。ZHNGTNGSHNGLG ， JNGSHNGSHNGLKU 。CHNGGCHZUFN ，CIKUCHZUGNG 。 GNGFNYSHSH ，BZHYSHU ！ CHMNDNGXINGKN ，LILUZHNWY 。 十五从军征全文（原文）： 十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：家中有阿谁？遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。 兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。 羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁！出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。十五从军征全文翻译（译 文）：十五岁就应征去参军，八十岁才退伍回到故乡家中。半路上碰到一个故乡的 村民，问：“我家里面还有什么人？“你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片 坟墓。' 走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在梁上飞来飞去。院子里长着野生的谷子，野菜环绕着井台。捋些野谷舂米来做饭，摘下葵叶煮汤算是菜。汤和饭一 会儿都做好了，却不知应该送给谁一起分享。走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横洒落在征衣上。十五从军征字词句解释（意思）：始：才；归：回家。 道逢：在路上遇到；道：路途上阿（）：语气词，没有实在意义。 君：你，表示尊敬的称呼；遥看：远远地望去。 松柏（BI ）：松树、柏树。 冢累累：坟墓一个连着一个。冢（ZHNG ），坟墓、高坟。累累（LILI ），与“垒垒”通，连续不断的样子。 狗窦：给狗出入的墙洞。窦（DU ），洞穴。 雉（ZH）:野鸡。 中庭：屋前的院子。 旅:旅生，植物未经播种而野生； 旅葵（KU ）:葵菜，嫩叶可以吃。 舂（CHNG ）:把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉谷子的皮壳或捣碎。 羹（GNG ）:用菜叶做的汤。 一时:一会儿就。

西湖游记袁宏道

西湖游记袁宏道 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：西湖游记两则 《西湖游记两则》习题精选 一、填空题 1.本文是明代袁宏道的一篇______小品，文章主要采用了______和_____的表达方式，抒发了作者__________的思想感情以及高雅的志趣。 2.《西湖一》描绘西湖全景的句子是：__________、__________、__________、__________。”作者分别从___觉和___觉的角度，写出了西湖的美丽景象。 3.《西湖二》第2段写了________至________一带的景物，作者由________及________，着力渲染了西湖“________”的特点。 参考答案 1.山水；描写；抒情；热爱大自然 2. 山色如娥；花光如颊；温风如酒；

波纹如绫；视；嗅 3.断桥；苏堤；物人艳冶 二、阅读分析题 下面是明代作家张岱《西湖七月半》中的一段文字，阅读后试比较它与课文各写了游人在什么时间的什么活动。突出了游人的什么特点？ 小船轻幌（薄薄的帷慢），净几煖炉，茶铛（小锅）旋煮，素瓷静递，好友佳人，邀月同坐，或匿隐树下，或逃嚣（逃避喧哗）里湖（西湖靠里的部分），看月而人不见其看月之态，亦不作意看月者，看之。 参考答案： 《西湖七月半》写了游人白天游湖的盛况，课文写了士大夫湖边赏月的情景；《西湖七月半》突出了游人的闲适和清雅，课文则着重写出了游人的“多”和“绝冶”。 《西湖游记两则》习题精选1 作者:加入日期：06-01-15 西湖游记二则习题精选

一、给下列加重的字注音。 保叔塔突兀棹小舟花光如颊为朝烟为夕岚石篑数为余言罗纨之盛夕 舂未下 二、解释下列加重的词。 1.望保叔塔突兀层崖中_______________________________ 2.花光如颊_______________________________ 3.已不觉目酣神醉_______________________________ 4.余时为桃花所恋_______________________________ 三、翻译下列句子。 山色如娥，花光如颊，温风如酒，波纹如绫。 四、阅读《西湖二》，回答问题。 西湖二 1.《西湖二》的作者_________，与其兄宗道、弟中道都是______朝反复古主义运动的“公安派”的代表人物，时称

初中语文文言文《十五从军征》拼音版(含译文及赏析)

《十五从军征》拼音版（含译文及赏析）十五从军征全文拼音版（注音版）： shíwǔcóng jūn zhēng ，bāshíshǐdéguī。 dào féng xiāng lǐrén ：jiāzhōng yǒu ēshuí？ yáo kàn shìjūn jiā，sōng bǎi zhǒng léi léi 。 tùcóng gǒu dòu rù，zhìcóng liáng shàng fēi 。 zhōng tíng shēng lǚgǔ，jǐng shàng shēng lǚkuí。 chōng gǔchízuòfàn ，cǎi kuíchízuògēng 。 gēng fàn yīshíshú，bùzhīyíēshuí！ chūmén dōng xiàng kàn ，lèi luòzhān wǒyī。 十五从军征全文（原文）： 十五从军征，八十始得归。 道逢乡里人：家中有阿谁？ 遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。 兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。 中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。 舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。 羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁！ 出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。 十五从军征全文翻译（译文）： 十五岁就应征去参军，八十岁才退伍回到故乡家中。 半路上碰到一个故乡的村民，问：“我家里面还有什么人？”

“你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。' 走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在梁上飞来飞去。 院子里长着野生的谷子，野菜环绕着井台。 捋些野谷舂米来做饭，摘下葵叶煮汤算是菜。 汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知应该送给谁一起分享。 走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横洒落在征衣上。 十五从军征字词句解释（意思）： 始：才；归：回家。 道逢：在路上遇到；道：路途上。 阿（ē）：语气词，没有实在意义。 君：你，表示尊敬的称呼；遥看：远远地望去。 松柏（bǎi）：松树、柏树。 冢累累：坟墓一个连着一个。冢（zhǒng），坟墓、高坟。累累（léi léi），与“垒垒”通，连续不断的样子。 狗窦：给狗出入的墙洞。窦（dòu），洞穴。 雉（zhì）：野鸡。 中庭：屋前的院子。 旅：旅生，植物未经播种而野生； 旅葵（kuí）：葵菜，嫩叶可以吃。 舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉谷子的皮壳或捣碎。 羹（gēng）：用菜叶做的汤。 一时：一会儿就。

明张岱《陶庵梦忆西湖七月半》阅读试题答案及翻译译文

[明]张岱《陶庵梦忆|西湖七月半》阅读 试题答案及翻译译文 [明]张岱《陶庵梦忆|西湖七月半》阅读试题答案及翻译译文 西湖七月半 [明]张岱 西湖七月半，一无可看，止可看看七月半之人。 看七月半之人，以五类看之。其一，楼船箫鼓，峨 冠盛筵，灯火优傒，声光相乱，名为看月而实不见月者，看之；其一，亦船亦楼，名娃闺秀，携及童娈，笑啼杂之，环坐露台，左右盼望，身在月下而实不看月者，看之；其一，亦船亦声歌，名妓闲僧，浅斟低唱，弱管轻丝，竹肉相发，亦在月下，亦看月而欲人看其看月者， 看之；其一，不舟不车，不衫不帻，酒醉饭饱，呼群三五，跻入人丛，昭庆、断桥，嚣呼嘈杂，装假醉，唱无 腔曲，月亦看，看月者亦看，不看月者亦看，而实无一 看者，看之；其一，小船轻幌，净几暖炉，茶铛旋煮， 素瓷静递，好友佳人，邀月同坐，或匿影树下，或逃嚣 里湖，看月而人不见其看月之态，亦不作意看月者，看之。 杭人游湖，巳出酉归，避月如仇。是夕好名，逐队

争出，多犒门军酒钱，轿夫擎燎，列俟岸上。一入舟， 速舟子急放断桥，赶入胜会。以故二鼓以前，人声鼓吹，如沸如撼，如魇如呓，如聋如哑。大船小船，一齐凑岸，一无所见，止见篙击篙，舟触舟，肩摩肩，面看面而已。少刻兴尽，官府席散，皂隶喝道去。轿夫叫船上人，怖 以关门，灯笼火把如列星，一一簇拥而去。岸上人亦逐 队赶门，渐稀渐薄，顷刻散尽矣。 吾辈始舣舟近岸，断桥石磴始凉，席其上，呼客纵饮。此时月如镜新磨山复整妆湖复颒面向之浅斟低唱者 出匿影树下者亦出吾辈往通声气拉与同坐。韵友来，名 妓至，杯箸安，竹肉发。月色苍凉，东方将白，客方散去。吾辈纵舟，酣睡于十里荷花之中，香气拍人，清梦 甚惬。 ——选自《说库》本《陶庵梦忆》 16．对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是 A．灯火优傒优良B．竹肉相发歌喉 C．茶铛旋煮不久D．轿夫擎燎火炬 17．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的 一组是 A．以五类看之惧谗邪，则思正身以黜恶 B．看月而人不见其看月之态日月忽其不淹兮，春与

《世说新语》原文及译文.doc

《世说新语》原文及译文赏析 原文： 王子猷居山阴，夜大雪，眠觉，开室命酌酒。四望皎然，因起彷徨，咏左思《招隐诗》。忽忆戴安道，时戴在剡，即便夜乘小船就之。经宿 方至，造门不前而返。人问其故，王曰：“吾本乘兴而行，兴尽而返， 何必见戴？”王子猷尝暂寄人空宅住，便令种竹。或问：“暂住何烦尔？”王啸咏良久，直指竹曰：“何可一日无此君！”（节选自《世说 新语》） 14、解释下面加点的词。（2分） ①因起彷徨②尝暂寄人空宅住 15、翻译下面的句子。（3分） 吾本乘兴而行，兴尽而返，何必见戴！ 16、“雪夜访戴”表现了王子猷怎样的个性？“何可一日无此君” 表达了古人怎样的理想和追求？（3分） 参考答案： 14、答案示例：①于是②曾经 评分：每小题1分，共2分。 15、答案示例：我本来乘着兴致而来的，没有了兴致就返回，何必 要见戴安道！ 评分：3分，意思对即可。 16、答案要点：率性而为高尚有节正直谦虚坚韧不拔

评分：前一问1分，后一问2分，共3分。意思对即可。 翻译： 王子猷住在山阴时，一天夜里大雪纷飞，他一觉醒来，推开门，命仆人斟上酒。他环顾四周，看到四周一片洁白，感到犹豫不决，吟咏起左思的《招隐诗》。他忽然想起戴安道。当时戴安道在剡县，王子猷即刻连夜乘小船去拜访他，船行了一夜才到，王子猷到了戴安道家门前却没有进去又转身返回。有人问他这样做的缘故，王子猷说：“我本来乘着兴致而去的，没有了兴致就返回，为什么一定要见戴安道呢！”王子猷曾经暂时住在别人家中，就下令仆人种一些竹子。有人问：“只是暂时住在这，为什么要那么麻烦呢？”王子猷思考许久，指着竹子说：“怎么能一天没有它呢？”

西湖七月半

《西湖七月半》 一、单项选择题 1.明代著名散文家张岱的号是（） A.宗子 B.石公 C.陶庵 D.剡溪 2.下列属于张岱散文集的是（） A.《壮悔堂文集》 B.《西湖梦寻》 C.《浮生六记》 D.《饮冰室合集》 3.下列明清作家中，创作以小品文见长的是（） A.蒲松龄 B.侯方域 C.张岱 D.归有光 4.下列关于张岱的小品文，表述错误的是（） A.全部收录于《西湖梦寻》 B.多是对往日繁华景象的追怀 C.像一幅幅色彩明丽的风俗画 D.特别重视对世态人情和众生相的细致考察和描写 5.《西湖七月半》选自（） A.《陶庵梦忆》 B.《饮冰室合集》 C.《西湖梦寻》 D.《壮悔堂文集》 6.《西湖七月半)是张岱的一篇游记散文,其中“七月半”是指下列哪个节日（） A.上元节 B.中元节 C.七夕节 D.中秋节 7.《西湖七月半》中概写“名娃闺秀”与看月关系的语句是（） A.身在月下而实不看月 B.看月而人不见其看月之态，亦不作意看月 C.名为看月而实不见月 D.亦在月下，亦看月，而欲人看其看月 8.杭州人游湖一般是“已出酉归，避月如仇”，而在七月半却“逐队争出”.这表明他们“( )”的心态。 A.自然而然 B.随意 C.好名 D.雅俗共赏

二、多项选择题 1.《西湖七月半》所写的五类“七月半赏月之人”中，在夜深时分被“吾辈”“拉与同坐”的有（） A. “匿影树下”者 B. “环坐露台”者 C. “浅斟低唱”者 D. “不衫不帻”者 2.《西湖七月半》嘲讽的对象有（） A.达官显贵 B.文人雅士 C.江湖隐士 D.市井百姓 3.《西湖七月半》的写作特色有（） A.多用拟人 B.铺陈排比 C.善用对比 D.语言生动 4.下列作品，善于场面描写的有（） A.《垓下之国》 B.《马伶传》 C.《香市》 D.《西湖七月半》 三.填空题 1.文笔清新,时杂诙谐，饶有情趣,作品多写山水景物、日常琐事，著有《陶庵梦忆》的作家是______________。 2.张岱的文学创作以________________见长。 3.除《陶庵梦忆》外，张岱的另一部散文名作是《_____________》。 4.在《西湖七月半》中,作者描述了明末___________(城市名)人七月半游西湖的盛况。 四、词语解释题 1.楼船 ．．,声光相乱。 ．．箫鼓，峨冠 ．．盛筵,灯火优傒 楼船: 峨冠: 优傒: 2.亦船亦楼,名娃 ．．闺秀,携及童娈．，笑啼杂之，环．坐露台,左右盼望。 名娃: 娈: 环: 3.名妓闲僧，浅斟低唱，弱管轻丝,竹肉 ．．相发。 竹: 肉:

〈西湖七月半〉翻译

補充〈西湖七月半〉張岱撰座號: 姓名: 西湖七月半，一無可看，止可看看七月半之人。看七月半之人，以五類看之。其一，樓船簫鼓1，峨冠2盛筵，燈火優傒3，聲光相亂，名為看月而實不見月者，看之4。其一，亦船亦樓，名娃閨秀，攜及童孌，笑啼5雜之，環坐露台6，左右盼望，身在月下而實不看月者，看之。其一，亦船亦聲歌，名妓閑僧7，淺斟低唱8，弱管輕絲，竹肉相發9，亦在月下，亦看月，而欲人看其看月者，看之。其一，不舟不車，不衫不幘10，酒醉飯飽，呼群三五，躋入人叢，昭慶11、斷橋12，嘄呼13嘈雜，裝假醉，唱無腔曲，月亦看，看月者亦看，不看月者亦看，而實無一看者，看之。其一，小船輕幌14，淨几暖爐，茶鐺旋煮，素瓷15靜遞，好友佳人，邀月同坐，或匿影樹下，或逃囂裏湖16，看月而人不見其看月之態，亦不作意17看月者，看之。 杭人遊湖，巳出酉歸18，避月如仇。是夕好名，逐隊爭出，多犒門軍19酒錢，轎夫擎燎，列俟20岸上。一入舟，速舟子急放斷橋，趕入勝會21。以故二鼓以前，人聲鼓吹22，如沸如撼，如魘如囈23，如聾如啞，大船小船一齊湊岸，一無所見，止見篙擊篙，舟觸舟，肩摩肩，面看面而已。少刻興盡，官府席散，皂隸24喝道去。轎夫叫船上人，怖以關門25，燈籠火把如列星，一一簇擁而去。岸上人亦逐隊趕門26，漸稀漸薄，頃刻散盡矣。 1〔樓船簫鼓〕：有樓臺裝飾且配置聲樂的遊船 2〔峨冠〕：高聳的帽子，指高官。峨冠博帶是古時士大夫服裝。〈賣柑者言〉：「峨大冠，拖長紳者，昂昂乎廟堂之器也。」3〔優傒〕：歌妓和僕役。優，優伶。傒，同「奚」，本指囚犯的子女，後借指奴僕。 4〔看之〕：意為可以看看這一類人。 5〔童孌〕：即孌童，漂亮的男童。〔啼〕：叫喊聲。 6〔露臺〕：指樓船前部的平臺。 7〔閑僧〕：和尚。和尚不問世俗，從容閒暇，故云。 8〔淺斟低唱〕：慢慢地斟酒，輕聲地歌唱。 9〔竹肉相發〕：簫管伴和著歌唱聲。竹，指竹製的管樂器。肉，指歌喉。 10〔不衫不幘〕：意為衣冠不整。不穿長衫，也不戴頭巾。幘，ㄗㄜˊ，頭巾。 11〔昭慶〕：昭慶寺，在西湖東北隅岸上，為宋明以來的著名僧寺。西湖名勝之一。 12〔斷橋〕：西湖名勝之一，在西湖白堤上，原名寶祐橋，唐代稱斷橋。 13〔嘄呼〕：高聲亂叫。嘄，通「囂」。 14〔輕幌〕：細薄的帷幔。幌，布幔。 15〔茶鐺〕：煮茶的鍋。〔素瓷〕：雅潔精緻的瓷杯。 16〔匿影〕：藏身。/〔裏湖〕：在蘇堤西部，孤山北邊。金沙堤與蘇堤東浦橋相接，北面是岳王廟，南面為裏湖。 17〔作意〕：存心，有意。故意做作。 18〔巳出酉歸〕：巳時出城，酉時返回。巳時，上午九點至十一點。酉時，下午五點至七點。 19〔犒門軍〕：犒賞守門軍士。犒，用酒食或財物慰勞。 20〔擎燎〕：舉著火把。/〔列俟〕：列隊等候。 21〔速舟子〕：催促船夫。/〔趕入勝會〕：趕上盛大的集會。 22〔二鼓〕：即二更。約晚上九點到十點。/〔鼓吹〕：器樂合奏的聲音。 23〔如沸如撼〕：如水沸聲，如物體震撼聲。/〔如魘如囈〕：好像人在夢中驚叫和說夢話。魘，夢裏驚叫。囈，說夢話。24〔一無所見〕：指見不到美景。/〔皂隸〕古代賤役，後專以稱官署中的衙役。 25〔喝道〕：古代官員出行，前面有差役呼喝，行人肅靜讓路。/〔怖以關門〕：關城門來恐嚇遊人，使其早歸。怖，恐嚇。26〔趕門〕：趕在城門關閉前回城