2014年高考英语上海卷及答案解析

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绝密★启用前

2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）

英语

考生注意：

1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-11页）和第Ⅱ卷（第12页），全卷共12页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷（共103分）

Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.

2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.

3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency. C. In a bank. D. In a driving school.

4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof C. A performance. D. A TV station.

5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard.

6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant.

7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Get her computer repaired.

8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.

9. A. She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn’t planning to leave her university. D. She recently visited a different university.

10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech. C. It made the mayor’s view clearer. D. It earned the mayor’s sp eech

accurately.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 70.

B. 20.

C. 25.

D. 75. 12. A. The houses there can’t be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. The cabins and facilities are shared. D. It is run by the residents themselves. 13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community. C. A splendid mountain.

D. A successful businesswoman. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.

C. Those who did no physical exercise.

D. Those who were unmarried. 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cancer. C. How unmarried people survive cancer. D. How cancer is detected after

marriage.

Section C

Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Travelers’ Survey Sheet

Travel purpose: for a(n) 17 in London

Comments on the airport environment / facilities: Likes: ? 18

-------------

在

--------------------

此--------------------

卷--------------------

上--------------------

答--------------------

题--------------------

无--------------------

效

姓名________________ 准考证号_____________

?19 walkways

Dislikes:? 20 shops

?small trolleys

Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

What is critical thinking in reading? Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking about the 21 of what the writer is saying.

What is the first step in reading an academic text critically? Finding out the argument and th e writer’s main line of 22 .

What may serve as the evidence? 23 , survey results, examples, etc.

What is the key to critical thinking? To read actively and 24 .

Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

My Stay in New York

After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25) ______ I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.

Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.

Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.

(B)

The giant vending machine（自动售货机）is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.

Peter Fox, who is (33) ______ electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34) ______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.

Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35) ______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.

He said: “I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36) ______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (37) ______ (appropriate).”

In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38) ______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39) ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.

Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40) ______ these villages without a local shop.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alert

B. classify

C. commit

D. delicately

E. gentle

F. impose

G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply

Let’s say you’ve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don’t have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41 at the supermarket. Since you really 42 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn’t it? This is where a “choice architect” can help43 some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket—including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.

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Governments don’t have to44 healthier lifestyles through laws—for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect—one that encourages us to choose what is best—we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with 45 hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to46 foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 47 by looking at the lights on the package. A green light 48 that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be 49 ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 50 . The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 51 .

Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 52 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 53 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.

So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 54 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 55 issues.

Dunbar 56 he traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—57 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.

Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 58 of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 59 from outside it.

As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 60 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 61 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 62 the pressure and calm everybody down.

But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 63 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 64 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 65 contact.

51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language

52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally

53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural

54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters

55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult

56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens

57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result

58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour

59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance

60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses

61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection

62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease

63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained

64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful

65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother

Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can

they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.

Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator （猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds’ nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.

Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winn er’s hand and start fighting again.

Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they f ind food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food.

As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can’t trust her, either.

66. A plover protects its young from a predator by ______.

A. getting closer to its young

B. driving away the adult predator

C. leaving its young in another nest

D. pretending to be injured

67. By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky” (paragraph 5), the author means

______.

A. chimps are ready to attack others

B. chimps are sometimes dishonest

C. chimps are jealous of the winners

D. chimps can be selfish too

68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.

B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner’s hand.

C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.

D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.

69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Do animals lie?

B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?

C. How do animals learn to lie?

D. How does honesty help animals survive?

(B)

Let’s say you want to hit the gym

more regularly this year. How do

you make that happen? Consider

putting the habit loop to use.

Here’s how it works:

A habit is a 3-step process. First,

there’s a cue, something that tells your

brain to operate automatically. Then

there’s a routine. And finally, a reward,

which helps your brain learn to desire

the behavior. It’s what you can use to

create—or break—habits of your

own.

Here’s how to apply it:

Choose a cue, like leaving your

running shoes by the door, then pick.

a reward—say, a piece of chocolate

when you get home from the gym.

That way, the cue and the reward

become interconnected. Finally, when

you see the shoes, your brain will start

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longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won’t need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?

70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?

A. Pick a new cue.

B. Form a new habit.

C. Choose a new reward.

D. Design a new resolution.

71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by ______.

A. changing the routine

B. trying it for a week

C. adjusting your goal

D. writing it down

72. What’s the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

A. To test out different kinds of cues.

B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.

C. To work out the best New Year’s resolution.

D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.

73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or

an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour.” What is the cue in this resolution?

A. The Harry Potter poster.

B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.

C. An English newspaper.

D. Watching TV for half an hour.

(C)

If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. “As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner’s pants,” she said. “That’s the picture I remember best.”

The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.

To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and particip ants really start to feel as though they are living in another person’s body.

Using such technology promises to alter people’s behaviour afterwards—potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism—the bias （偏见）that humans have against those who don’t look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations between, for instanc e, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants’ bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. “At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms,” says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. “It’s a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.”

74. The word “swapping” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.

A. building

B. exchanging

C. controlling

D. transplanting

75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that ______.

A. our feelings are related to our bodily experience

B. we can learn to take control of other people’s bodies

C. participants will live more passionately after the experiment

D. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to

control a dark skinned digital character, ______.

A. they fought strongly against racism

B. they scored lower on the test for racism

C. they changed their behaviour dramatically

D. they were more biased against those unlike them

77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A. technology helps people realize their dreams

B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

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D. our points of view about others need changing constantly

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.

Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.

So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则）and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.

All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular.

Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and with your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?

Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）: it is just good business.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to

charities.

79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.

80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to _______.

81. According to the passage, “good business” (paragraph 6) means that corporatio ns _______

while making profits

第Ⅱ卷（共47分）

Ⅰ.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed)

2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)

3. 没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)

4. 家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear)

5. 虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)

Ⅱ. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：

1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；

2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

2014年普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）

英语答案解析

第Ⅰ卷

Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension

Section A

1.【答案】A

【解析】第1题属于典型的身份识别题。通过theft和stolen很容易辨别出man是在报案，且通过woman的询问语气就可以得出她是police woman。

2.【答案】D

【解析】第2题属于情感态度题，通过take care，drive slowly，promise等词可推测出woman对man在路面结冰时驾车危险，正确的情绪为担心worried．

3.【答案】B

【解析】第3题是场景题，通过reservation并不能直接判断出答案，反而会让学生以为是restaurant场景而误选，还需要结合后面的driving license推测答案，所以要提醒同学们的是，在做听力题时，不要只听到一个关键词就选，还是要把题干听完整，避免误判。

4.【答案】A

【解析】本题又是一道比较典型的场景题，难度在于同学们能不能听出其中的关键字，比如flood，roof，damage，如果光听到roof容易误选B，所以还是要把题听完整，一般来说听力中的场景题关键字不会只有一个，而是由多个词共同锁定某一个场景。

5.【答案】B．

【解析】根据man的描述，他要先去车站接Jane，回来后再帮woman的忙。

6.【答案】D

【解析】本题是非常典型的意图推测题，需要同学们通过对话中的关键词或者是对话的整体来推测说话人的意图，man说的两句话都非常重要，前一句暗示woman可以用更低的价钱买到她心仪的花瓶，后一句鼓励woman去讨价还价。所以只要同学们认识D 选项中的bargain这个词，本题的答案也就应运而生。

7.【答案】A

【解析】本题依然是意图推测题，man的前一句话暗示他不愿意把自己电脑借给woman，后面暗示她可以去用图书馆中的电脑。

8.【答案】C

【解析】这道题从语气判断的角度而言并不难，从are you kidding就可以听出大致的语气，关键是四个选项同学们是否都能认识，尤其是D选项意为“同情的”。

9.【答案】C

【解析】本题的关键在woman回答的if I were，运用了虚拟语气，也就表示截止到目前为止woman并没有这样的打算。

10.【答案】B

【解析】本题的关键词为twist，意为“扭曲，曲解”，如果同学听不出这个词或不认识这个词的话，此题会有相当的难度，因为没有其他的词辅助来推倒说话者的意图。

Section B

11.【答案】C

12.【答案】D

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13.【答案】B

【解析】此篇文章主要介绍了一个特别的居住地，文章围绕这个community的起源、构成、特色等一一介绍，三道题目也考得非常典型，第一二题为细节题，分别是问数字与特色的，第三题则是一道主旨题。

14.【答案】C

15.【答案】A

16.【答案】B

【解析】第二篇考察的类型是带标题新闻，往年学生特别惧怕新闻题，有些学生甚至听不清到底有几条。今年一改往年的模式，多条新闻由男女分别讲述，避免学生因为区分错误而造成失分，是十分人性化的改善。三道题目也分别对应了三条新闻，总体而言难度不高。第一条新闻主要是讲关于sitting makes you sad的话题，对应的第一题题目中出现了depression，是sad的同义词转换。第二题是关于how can you detect a liar through text message的话题，切合越来越流行的电子设备话题。最后一篇是关于marriage与cancer 的话题，直接问了主旨，也是新闻类题目的重要考察方式，要求学生能掌握新闻的大意。

Section C

17.【答案】conference

18.【答案】daylight

19.【答案】moving

20.【答案】overcrowded

【解析】篇章填空第一篇是对于游客的简单采访，就environment以及facilities展开，重要信息都在man讲话的内容中，围绕他个人的喜好及不满为线索，大部分以细节题为主。

Blanks 21through 24are based on the following conversation。Complete the form。Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer。

21.【答案】implications and conclusions

22.【答案】reasoning

23.【答案】figures

24.【答案】keep questioning

【解析】第二篇听力填空题主题为critical thinking，是较为学术性的话题，文章围绕什么是critical thinking以及具体的步骤展开，最后强调需要read actively and keep asking questions，而不是just accepting。

Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary

Section A

25.【答案】where

【解析】在非限制行定从中用关系副词where，语感好的学生基本不会有什么问题，但也有很多学生会错填成because。

26.【答案】To earn

【解析】不定式作目的状语，应该是To earn，注意大写。但是有些学生在语境没读透的情况下写成了现在分词作状语earning。

27.【答案】as soon as / as long as

【解析】根据语境可以写成时间状从连词as soon as ，也可以写成条件状从as long as。

28.【答案】exhausted

【解析】分词作定语，exhaust是使役动词“使……筋疲力竭”，所以要表达“筋疲力竭的”用exhausted

29.【答案】if

【解析】条件状语从句，用if。

30.【答案】what

【解析】名词性从句用what。

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31.【答案】adapting

【解析】关于have difficulty (in) doing知识点，是简单题。

32.【答案】did

【解析】Not only提前的倒装部分倒装要把助动词did提前。

33.【答案】an

【解析】学生一般看的出来，但会错填成a或是the，因为electrical是元音发音开头，所以要用an。

【考点】冠词

34.【答案】is equipped

【解析】因为equip这个单词也是使役动词“使。。。安装，装备”的意思，所以在这里要用be equipped with表示“装备着”。

【考点】时态，语态

35.【答案】which

【解析】考察了非限定从，用关系代词which。这也是在模拟题很少见的，一般都只考察一个定从的点。

【考点】非限定性从句

36.【答案】myself

【解析】by myself 表示靠自己。

【考点】反身代词

37.【答案】more appropriate

【解析】因为有far，基础牢固的学生知道要填形容词的比较级。

38.【答案】has forced

【解析】force sb.to do sth，但是要注意时态，In recent years在这里表示句子要用现在完成式。

39.【答案】urging

【解析】现在分词作状语，用urging

【考点】现在分词

40.【答案】to

【解析】offer sth to sb，所以要用介词to。

【考点】介词

Section B

41.【答案】G

【解析】labels因为有两个词性，一个是“标签”，一个是“贴标签”。很多学生在这里选了J，主要也是把signal与sign混在一起了。

42.【答案】C

【解析】虽然在以往的模拟卷里多次出现commit这个词，但是学生还是没记住commit oneself to sth。有“坚持，致力于，承诺”的意思。

43.【答案】L

【解析】relieve the burden“减轻负担”。

44.【答案】F

【解析】根据句型知道要选动词原形，impose “强迫接受，强加于”的意思。第45题考察形容词修饰hints，“gentle hints”表“温馨提示”。

45.【答案】E

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【解析】形容词修饰hints，“gentle hints”表“温馨提示”。

【考点】形容词

46.【答案】B

【解析】考classify……as “把……归类为”。

47.【答案】K

【解析】此处应为副词选K。

48.【答案】J

【解析】是signal当动词“表示”的意思。

49.【答案】A

【解析】alert当形容词“警觉，留心”的意思。

50.【答案】H

【解析】in moderation 这个词组，介词后用名词一般学生知道，但能知道in moderation 表示“适中，有节制”的意思不多。不过最后也是可以用排除法做出的。总体来说今年的新题型考到一词多义的有alert，commit，signals。

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

51.【答案】C

【解析】空在文章的第一段，属于“同义近义复现题”，通常完型的第一段都用来引出话题，所以如果暂时无法选择，可以先看后文的每段首句，发现gossip是出现频率极高的关键词，所以这是文章的主题，答案为C。

52.【答案】B

【解析】第一段的two-thirds of human conversation说明对话的大多数内容是关于gossip，与“大多数”这一文义最接近的应该是B选项，也属于“同义近义复现题”。53.【答案】A

【解析】类似于involving，for example，such as这样的表示“举例”情景的词，想要知道前面的名词是哪个，只要看后面的例子均属于哪个范畴即可，children，lovers，and colleagues都属于social problem，所以答案选A。

54.【答案】D

【解析】此题的关键词在后面的of time and words，前面所填的动词要与后面的组成意思通顺，结构完整的词组，根据语境可推测出是waster of time and words，答案选D。55.【答案】A

【解析】前文提到了the really important issues，后文“同义近义复现题”，应选最近义，A。

56.【答案】B

【解析】这句长句先是表明了Dunbar对传统观点的态度，关键词在后一句的第一个单词instead，说明前面Dunbar是排斥传统观点，答案选B．

57.【答案】C

【解析】此题为典型的“同义近义复现题”，考的是上文instead的近义词，答案选C。

58.【答案】D

【解析】从后文的cleaning the fur by brushing it可以看出是研究猴子的行为，选D。59.【答案】A

【解析】or是关键词，与and一样，两边的词或词组结构相同，意思相关，前面是“conflict within the group内部分歧”，后面对应的比较合适的是“attack from outside it外部攻击”，答案选A。

60.【答案】C

【解析】此句的开头单词as表原因，所以后面应该是Dunbar得出的结论，故选C。61.【答案】D

【解析】对原始社会来讲，应该是这个家族或社群成员越多，就能给成员提供更多的“保护”，案选D。

62.【答案】D

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【解析】and两边的词或词组结构相同，意思相关，后面是“使每个人冷静”，那前面就应该是“减轻压力”，故选D。

63.【答案】B

【解析】句意为原本花在一项活动上的时间要延伸至另一项，选B。

64.【答案】B

【解析】根据后文的文义应该是语言是被创造出来是为了让大的族群内部能更“有效地”交流，故选B。

65.【答案】C

【解析】在没有语言之前，应该用得都是“肢体接触”，故选C。

Section B

66.【答案】D

【解析】A plover protects its young from a predator by______细节题，用“plover”做定位词，找到其所在文中的那句话“For example， a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young。”即可得出正确选项是D．pretending to be injured；

67.【答案】B

【解析】By “Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky” (paragraph 5)，the author means______。定义题，文中第一段的最后一句设问“Why？Dishonesty often helps them survive。”接下来第二段的第一句话就是“Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky。”很明显，作者意图举“Chimpanzees”来说明文章的主题“Dishonesty often helps them survive”，因此正确选项是B。

68.【答案】A

【解析】Which of the following is true according to the passage？排除法推理题，根据选项中的关键词，到文中定位，不难推断出A。

69.【答案】A

【解析】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？主旨题，正确选项为A。

70.【答案】C

【解析】从流程图上就可以得出正确选项是C。

71.【答案】D

【解析】从流程图上就可以得出正确选项是D。

72.【答案】B

【解析】参照流程图和文字说明，从文章最后一段倒数第二句话的理解，设计奖赏的目的最终是为了无需要奖励而自然地养成习惯，并将习惯本身作为奖励，故得出B为正确选项。

73.【答案】A

【解析】题目与流程图展现的习惯养成的三个步骤相对应，就知道“cue”是A．“The Harry Potter poster。”

74.【答案】B

【解析】The word "swapping" (paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to______。定义题，只要稍微理解文章主旨就能选出B。

75.【答案】A

【解析】We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______。推理题，根据To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it，可排除选项B．we can learn to take control of other people's bodies；再接着看下面一句，即得出正确选项A，our feelings are related to our bodily experience。

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76.【答案】D

【解析】In the Implicit Association Test，before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character，______。细节题，由第四段的第二句话“Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them。”就能得出D，they were more biased against those unlike them为正确选项。

77.【答案】C

【解析】It can be concluded from the passage that______。主旨题，C．virtual reality helps promote understanding among people为正确答案。

Section C

78.【答案】shareholders and employees

【解析】找到Charity所在文中的一句话，稍加概括就能填出“shareholders and employees”；

79.【答案】Companies talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments。/ Companies create codes of conduct。/ Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations。/ Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks。

【解析】关于风险管理的防范措施，文中提到四种Companies talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments。/ Companies create codes of conduct。/ Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations。/ Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks，80.【答案】create value 【解析】With the emphasis on opportunity，the third layer of CSR is meant to _________。根据“the third layer of CSR”在文中定位，很容易找到答案所在的句子“The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR：the idea that it can help to create value。”填写出“create value”。

81.【答案】take social responsibilities

【解析】According to the passage，“good business”(paragraph 6)means that corporations ________ while making profits。原文“take social responsibilities (或are devoted to social responsibilities)”。

第Ⅱ卷

Ⅰ.Translation

1.【答案】我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed)

I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep。

【解析】第一题考be accustomed to sth这个句型，学生一般都能写的出来，但是要拿到满分，还得要写对轻音乐“light music”。

2.【答案】将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)

It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future。

【解析】考词组be up to sb“由某人负责”学生也应该能写的出来，拉开分数的就应该在“将来过怎样的生活”怎么表达。

3.【答案】没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)

There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program。

【解析】此句很简单，但词组“太空旅行项目”对有些学生还是有难度的。

4.【答案】家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear)

Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen。

【解析】考状语从句，还是有点难度的，特别是要把字面意思翻译出来，比如说“嘱咐”，“嘻戏”，“遭遇不测”怎么样用已学的词汇表达出来，对于for fear 怎么用，相信学生应该都知道用来表达“以免”。

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5.【答案】虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)

While modern society，rich in material resources，has given consumers more choices，it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers。

【解析】“turn”用在“变成”这个词，学生应该也都知道，就是“购物狂”“shopaholic”一般的学生应该不会写。

Ⅱ. Guided Writing

【答案】范文：

Dear Sir

Madam, With the rapid development of the school English newspaper, the editors are planning to changing its editions. I am writing this mail to express my suggestions that culture should be eliminated while readers’ feedback need adding to the newspaper. My reasons are as follows.

In terms of deleting the culture section, there are a couple of factors. Initially, it goes without saying that cultural contents is not funny but a bit academic. Since at school students have already been busy with their curricula, obviously they don’t intend to read anything more cultural. Furthermore, it is proper for the students to read something more practical such as health career planning and etc. It means that culture is not so closely related to our lives or future.

However, meanwhile, readers' feedback is of great benefit. For one thing, it is manifested that only by this way can students state their real thoughts on the newspaper in time. For instance, if students want to share some information with each other like favorite American dramas, they can just claim it on the feedback part. For another thing, what is more important is that the editors could receive the readers' advice and comments in order to improve the newspaper next time. Taking what I mentioned above into account, I can draw a conclusion that choosing readers’ feedback into the English newspaper to replace the culture pages is worthwhile. And thank you for paying special attention to reading this e-mail. I am looking forward to receiving your replies at your earliest convenience.

Y ours sincerely,

C heng Fei

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2016年上海市高考英语试卷及答案

2016年上海市高考英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．It is satisfactory． B．It is luxurious． C．It is old﹣fashioned． D．It is disappointing． 2．（1分）A．On August 5th． B．On August 6th． C．On August 7th． D．On August 8th． 3．（1分）A．A waiter． B．A butcher． C．A porter． D．A farmer． 4．（1分）A．In a theatre． B．In a library． C．In a booking office． D．In a furniture store． 5．（1分）A．She expected to a better show． B．She could hardly find her seat． C．She wasn't interested in the show． D．She didn't get a favourable seat． 6．（1分）A．The woman often eats out for breakfast．

2015上海高考英语试题及答案

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2017年高考英语上海卷【附解析】

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