高中英语句子成分分析讲解 即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）

除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号

英语中划句子成分的符号

主语在下面划一直线

谓语在下面划曲线

宾语在下面划双横线

定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一

排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”）

状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短

木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）

补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是

为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）

同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置

基本相同

考点2.主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构：

1.名词

2.代词

3.数词

4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）

5.不定式

6.动名词

7.主语从句等表示。

练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当

1.During the 1990s, American country music has

become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have an English test has not

been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn’t at home is not true

练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因

1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped

out.

2.That why he was late for school was that his mother

was ill.

3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.

5.Play basketball is my favorite sport.

6.Give up English is not an option.

考点3.谓语

谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

He practices running every morning.

He reads newspapers every day.

2、复合谓语：

（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.

He has caugh t a bad cold.

My sister is crying over there.

I have been waiting for you all the time.

I would stay at home all day.

（2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：

We are students.

Your idea sounds great.

考点4.表语

表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

练习3.划出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.

2.Is it yours?

3.The weather has turned cold.

4.The speech is exciting.

5.Three times seven is twenty one.

6.His job is to teach English.

7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.

8.The machine must be under repairs.

9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.

考点5.宾语

宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。

练习4.划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明有什么充当。

1.They planed many trees yesterday.

2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.

3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

4.I wanted to buy a car.

5.I enjoy listening to popular music.

6.I think（that）he is fit for his office.

考点6.宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

练习5.用线划出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。

1.His father named him Dongming.

2.They painted their boat white.

3.Let the fresh air in.

4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.

5.We saw her entering the room.

6.We found everything in the lab in good order.

7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.

8.I want your homework done on time.

考点7.主补

对主语的补充。（含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动

语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

考点8.定语

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“…的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。

①副词用作定语一般要后置。

People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)

He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个

人）

②形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后

单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形

容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后

The next man is a scientist.

The man next to me is a scientist.

（我旁边的那个人）

③介词短语作定语时要后置

The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）

The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的

那个男孩）

④现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式做定

语常后置

I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)

The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边

哭的那个男孩）

The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的

那座房子）

练习6.口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是什么词性或结构充当。

1.The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.

3.We need a place twice larger than this one.

4.She carried a basket full of eggs.

5.It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.

6.It’s a city far from the coast.

7.He has money enough to buy a car.

8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

9.There are lots of places of interest needing repairing

in our city.

10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on

meat.

11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you

12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the

way back home

13.There are many clothes to be washed.

14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from

America.

15.Then the great day came when he was to march past

the palace in the team.

写作专练1.用活形容词短语做后置定语：（P10）

比昂英语（原远航英语）系列丛书之《高中英语语法通霸2012版》（适合2013高考）

考点9.状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(写地认真，走地慢，修饰动词用副词，作状语) This material is environmentally friendly.

（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）

He runs very slowly.

（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，做状语）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.

（修饰整个句子用副词，做状语）

1.几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。

如：He worked hard at his lessons last year.

I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.

写作专练2.正确安排并列状语的顺序（P11）

2.频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never

等在句中的位置

位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。You can never tell what he will do.

He is often late.

He is always helping others.

He often came late.

写作专练3.注意频度副词的位置（P11）

3.状语按意义分类

在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步

练习7.指出下列划线部分属于什么状语

1.How about meeting again at six?

2.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

https://www.docsj.com/doc/4315493307.html,st nigh t she didn’t go to the dance party because

of the rain.

4.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.

6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work

harder.

7.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very

interested in business.

8.The boy needs a pen very much.

9.The boy really needs a pen.

10.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

11.She works very hard though she is old.

12.I am taller than he is.

13.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

14.On Sundays, there is no student in the

classroom.

15.Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a

pen.

考点10.同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）

It’s good to us students.

练习8.选择正确答案，并口头说出句中那个是同位

语

1.The young man, ___ ,works in the office.

2. A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me

3.Our English teacher, ___ , often helps us with study.

4. A. Mrs. Wang B. Mrs. Wangs

5. C. Mrs. Wang's . D. of him

6.___, some railway workers, are busy repairing the

train.

7. A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs

第2讲简单句的五种基本结构

2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )

3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )

4.I did well in English. ( )

5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )

2.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）

系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候也可作

系动词，有人称之为半系动词。

如何辨别系动词

有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。如

何来辨别呢？有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词

be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系

动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。如：

①She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后，她是美丽

的，句意没有大的变化，looks是系动词)。

②Look at the picture.(look不能换为be, look为实义

动词。)

③He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”的

意思，不能换为was, 是实义动词)。

④The silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸起来很柔软，feels

换为is之后，句意变化不大，因此是系动词。)

练习2.辨别下列粗体动词是系动词还是实义动词

1.The door stays open at night.

2.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.

3.The book still lies open on the desk.

4.What he said proved true..

5.He can’t proved his theory(理论).

常见的系动词

①状态系动词

②用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

③He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

④持续系动词

⑤用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要

有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

⑥He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。

⑦This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

⑧The food stays fresh in the fridge.

⑨食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。

⑩The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。?He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒着。

?表“像”系动词

?用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

?Something seems wrong. 好像出差了。

?He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。

?感官系动词

?感官系动词主要有look看起来，feel摸起来, smell 闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来：

?This kind of cloth feels very soft.

?这种布手感很软。

?This flower smells very sweet.

21这朵花闻起来很香。

22变化系动词

23这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 24He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。25She grew rich within a short time.

26她没多长时间就富了。

27He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。

28Eggs go bad easily in spring.鸡蛋夏天容易变坏。29His face went red.他的脸变红了。

30What he had dreamt of came true.

31他的梦想实现了。

32Still waters run deep.静水流深。

33终止系动词

34表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

35The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

36His plan turned out a success.

37他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）38What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.

39他预言的结果是错的。

练习3.用下划线划出下列句中的系动词。

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.What you said sounds great.

III.系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语He is a student. (ＳＶＰ)

Your idea sounds great. (ＳＶＰ)

IV.在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词。

要注意：介词短语和形容词不能单独做谓语，要和系动词一起做谓语。

改错：

①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.

②Your book on the desk.

答案及解析：

Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much.(句中没有谓语动词)

Your book is on the desk.（句中没有谓语动词）

写作专练4.不要忘了使用系动词（P11）

考点3.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如，She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.

练习4.用下划线划出下列句中的宾语。

1.People all over the world speak English.

2.Jim cannot dress himself.

3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

4.He did not know what to say.

5.He just wanted to stay at home.

6.He practices speaking English every day.

考点4.基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass 递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)

强调间接宾语顺序为：

动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：

Show this house to Mr. Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。

如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说Bring me it, please。)

常跟双宾语的及物动词有：

（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell，wish, write等

（需借助for 的）buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等

『一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make』

He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.

= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.

She bought John a book．= She bought a book for John.

练习5.分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3. He brought you a dictionary.

4. He denies her nothing.

5. I showed him my pictures.

6. I gave my car a wash.

7. I told him that the bus was late.

8. He showed me how to run the machine.

写作专练5.用活双宾语句式（P11）

考点5.基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

此句型的句子的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。

The war made him a soldier.（ＳＶＯＣ他成为一个士兵，构成逻辑上的主谓关系）

New methods make the job easy. （ＳＶＯＣ）

I often find him at work. （ＳＶＯＣ）

The teacher asked the students to close the windows. （ＳＶＯＣ）

I saw a cat running across the road.

练习6.分析下列句子划分成分，在后面括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语

1. They appointed him manager. （）

2. They painted the door green. （）

3. He pushed the door open. （）

4. They found the house deserted. （）

5. What makes him think so? （）

6. We saw him out. （）

7. He asked me to come back soon. （）

8. I saw them getting on the bus. （）

9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.

（）

10. I’ll have my bike repaired. （）

11. We elected him monitor. （）

12. Don’t keep the lights burning. （）

考点6.there be 句型

此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成，用以

表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。

1.be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。

现在时?? there is / are …???

过去时?? there was / were…

将来时?? there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 完成时? there has / have been…

可能有? there might be...??

肯定有? there must be …/ there must have been...

过去曾经有? there used to be …?

似乎有? there seems / seem / seemed to be …

碰巧有? there happen / happens / happened to be …

2.可用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist,

arrive,等词代替be动词。

此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。

Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

There came a shout for "help".

There exists no air on the moon.

There lies a book on the desk.

There stands a tree on the hill.

1. a certain doubt among the students as to

the necessity of the work.

2. A. It existed B. There existed

3. C. They had D. There had

4.___ a beautiful palace ___ the foot of the hill.

5. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under

6. C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at

答案：B, D 3.there be 与have 的区别

there be … 某地有某物，某时有某事；

have 表示某人拥有某物。

改错：

1.There has a book on the desk.

2.There will have a meeting this evening.

答案：1.把has改为is; 2. 把have改为be。

提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。

写作专练6.正确运用两个“有”there be与have (P12 )

第3讲简单句、并列句和复合句

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

考点1.简单句

只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

（划线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）

考点2.并列句（参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）

由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的，这一点和汉语不同。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous.

前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

①表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but

also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

②The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name

is John.

③He not only stole my money, but he also took my

watch away.

④表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…,

otherwise等。

⑤Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

⑥表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet,

while, when等。

⑦He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a

strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

⑧表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

⑨August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so

every day I work from dawn until dark.

考点3.复合句

复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不是从属关系）。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。

1.It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）

2.What he said is wrong.

3.（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said

为谓语，what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是

另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主语，is wrong

系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。What he said是名词性从句作主语）。

4.The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓

结构，是简单句）

5.The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.

6.（The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构who is

wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓

结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句是复合句。）

7.I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓

结构，是简单句）

8.I was doing my homework when he came in.

9.（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he

came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作

前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。

练习7.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1.We often study Chinese history on Friday

afternoon.

2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in

the morning and come back home at seven in the

evening.

5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t

it?

9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

11.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm

helping my Dad on the farm.

12.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every

day I work from dawn until dark.

13.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the

lights of our tractors.

14.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the

north where it is colder they grow wheat

15.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two

men working for him.

考点4.两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句，或把逗号改为分号

一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。这是，我们有四种方法来改正这个错句：

1. 用and, so, but,等并列连词来构成并列句；

2. 把逗号改为分号；

3. 改为复合句；

4. 把一个主谓结构的谓语变成非谓语或去掉be，从而变成独立主格结构。（参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）

I like English, my English is very good.×

I like English and my English is very good.√（并列句）

As I like English, my English is very good. √（含有原因状语从句的复合句）

I like English; my English is good. √（用分号）

I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分句改为独立主格结构)

I have a house, its windows are very big. ×

I have a house and its windows are very big. √（并列句）

I have a house, whose windows are very big. √（含有定语从句的复合句）

I have a house; its windows are big. √（用分号）

I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主格结构)

练习8.利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题：

1.Five people won the "China's green figure” award, a

title __ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.

2. A. is given B. was given

3. C. being given D. given

4.All the preparations for the task_____, and we're

ready to start.

5. A. completed B. complete

6. C. had been completed D. have been completed

7.【2006辽宁】I was told that there were about 50

foreign students _____Chinese in the school,

most??_____were from Germany.?

8. A. study; of whom?? ?B. study; of them???

9. C. studying; of them?? D. studying; of? whom??

10.Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress,

____ with smiles.

11.A. their faces are shining B. whose faces shining

C. their faces shining

12.Many students _____ around, I explained the story

into details.

13.A. stood B. standing

14.C. to stand D. were standing

15.I have five friends, some of ____ are businessmen.

16.A. that B. whom C. they D. them

17.I have five friends, but none of___ are businessmen.

18.A. that B. whom C. they D. them

第二部分专题过关测试

1.改正下列句子的改错。

①Do exercise everyday is good for your health.

②That what he said isn’t true.

③He came late made his teacher angry.

④On the desk is two books.

⑤Go to a key college is my dream.

2.用划出下列句中的后置定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的

①There is nothing to do today.

②The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.

③There are five boys left.

④Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.

⑤His rapid progress in English made us surprised.

⑥The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.

⑦He is not a man easy to deal with.

⑧A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour.

⑨Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

⑩There is only one program worth watching today.

3.用双横线分别划出下句中的间接宾语和直接宾语。

①I will bring you the book when I come next time.

②He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets.

③My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

④She showed us many of her pictures.

⑤Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

4.分析下列句子成分，体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系，并指出宾补是什么词性或结构充当。

①She found it difficult to do the work.

②They made him monitor of the class.

③They pushed the door open.

④Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground.

⑤The old man asked us to sit down.

⑥He noticed a man enter the room.

⑦By speaking slowly, he made himself understood.

⑧We want these trees planted soon.

⑨I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

⑩I left the bag lying on the ground.

5.用双下划线标出it所代表的真正宾语。

①The chairman thought?it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

②She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.?

③I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．

④He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to ente r politics.

⑤I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.

第三部分写作能力提升

写作专练1.正确运用主语的各种形式（参看P1考点2 ）

1.在我看来，早睡早起对我们的健康有好处。（in my opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to, our

health.）

2.

3.被一所重点大学录取是我的梦想。（be admitted by a key college, my dream）

4.

5.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（fail the exam, make, upset）

6.

7.在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。（between the two tall buildings, stand, teaching building）

8.

9.我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有帮助。（what we are learning now, be of great help to,

our life and work, in the future）

10.

写作专练2.用活形容词短语做后置定语（参看P2考点8 ）

1.你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗？（know, next to）

2.

3.尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。（send…to, nearest to, as soon as possible）

4.

5.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。（dining hall, large enough, hold）

写作专练3.正确安排并列状语的顺序（参看P3 1 ）

1.那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。（do his homework, in the classroom, carefully, at the moment）

2.

3.我们上周日在我们校园内载了很多树。（plant lots of trees, in the schoolyard）

4.

5.他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。（perform incredibly well, speech contest）

写作专练4.注意频度副词的位置（参看P3 2 ）

1.我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。（will, forget, what he told me, never）

2.

3.我经常去那家超市。（frequently, the supermarket）

4.

5.他总是帮助别人。（help others, always）

6.

7.我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。（treat an old man like that）

8.

9.活到老，学到老。（never, too old to learn）

10.

写作专练5.不要忘了使用系动词（参看P5 IV ）

1.那食物很可口，我吃了很多。（the food, delicious）

2.

3.那个电影好极了。（the movie, fantastic）

4.

5.不过呢，一些人反对这个计划。（however, against, the plan）

6.

7.他们的意见如下。（their opinion, as follows）

8.

9.就我而言，我赞成这个主意。（as far as I’m concerned, in favor of）

10.

写作专练6.用活双宾语句式（参看P6考点4 ）

用两种方法翻译下列句子：

1.他给我提供一些建议。（offer, some advice）

2.

3.我欠他很多钱。（owe）

4.

5.在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。（buy, a special gift）

6.

7.他给我做了一个纸飞机。（make, paper plane）

8.

9.他给我们读了一个有趣的故事。（read, an interesting story）

10.

11.他的叔叔留给他很多钱。（leave, a lot of money）

12.

13.他让我们看了一张世界地图。（show）

14.

15.请把熊猫的照片寄给我一张。（send, a photo of the panda）

16.

写作专练7.正确运用两个“有”there be与have

1.我有许多好朋友。

2.

3.今天晚上将有一场电影。

4.

5.公园内有许多人。

6.

7.树上有许多小鸟。

8.

9.一条狗有四条腿和一个尾巴。

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：S V (主+谓) 二：S V P (主+系+表) 三：S V O (主+谓+宾) 四：S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五：S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一：S V(主+谓) 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补） 除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一 排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短 木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich） 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. （2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分及结构专题讲解学习

一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式

(完整版)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻

高中英语句子成分分析大全

因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态， 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语：表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 四.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers，形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分，可分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。 如：This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语，修饰sun. 又如：His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语，修饰work。 与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分，定语修饰名词，且起说明、限制作用。 如：The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二句子成分分析

初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二 简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语) 句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成份，高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。 一．句子的主要成份与次要成份 [讲解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring (主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语) Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语) [练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份 1.They are workers from China. （）( ) ( ) ( ) 2. The singer made himself known. （）( ) ( ) ( ) 3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me. （）( ) ( ) ( ) （）( ) ( ) 二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子 [讲解]主语是句子的主体，是谓语陈述或说明的对象。正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。例如： Deer are animals.(主语由名词deer来充当) Everything goes well.(主语由代词everything来充当) 99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当) 以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。他们是：不定式、动名词等形式充当主语，动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充当主语以及充当主语从句充当主语。例如： To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主语由不定式to say来充当) To host a party is not an easy thing.(主语由不定式短语to host a party来充当) Swimming does good to one’s health.(主语由动名词swimming来充当) Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主语由动名词短语Walking his pet dog every day来充当) What he said hurt me greatly.(主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当) [练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。 You, he and I are all senior school students.( ) Nothing is more important than EQ.( ) To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.( ) Being honest will pay.( ) Where his mother will go is a secret.( ) 三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词 [讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息，除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外，谓语动词往往由下列词语中的两个或两个以上依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词。例如： The bike went wrong again.(went 作谓语，系动词) Most of the my classmates work hard.（work作谓语，不及物动词） They told me his experiences in America.（told作谓语，及物动词） Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作谓语) We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作谓语)

英语句子成分划分详解

概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语：争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事（句子）《例：张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it 作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事

(完整版)高考英语句子成分分析

Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练：指出下例句中主语的中心词。

高中英语句子成分分析大全

英语句子成分分析大全 一个句子至少由两部分构成，即主语和谓语，它们是句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语（包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语），表语，定语（包括前置定语及后置定语），状语，同位语（包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语），补语及呼语。 一.主语：是一句话的中心，整句话都谈它的情况。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. （时光飞逝。） 这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。 二.谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或者状态。谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. （他喜欢唱歌。） 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语：表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） 这句话中a book 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 四.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers，形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分，可分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。 如：This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语，修饰sun. 又如：His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语，修饰work。 六．状语：是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。区别状语与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分，定语修饰名词，且起说明、限制作用。 如：The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

第1讲句子成分

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型结构如下： 主语谓语 用符号表示为： ①ＳＶ（主＋谓） ②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） ③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） ④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 主语（subject）谓语 （predicate）、 宾语（object）定语 （attribute） 状语(adverbial) 补语 （complement） 表语（predicative） 考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. (ＳＶ) We've worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ) Time flies. (ＳＶ) 练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种 1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) 2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) 3.He is smiling all over his face. ( ) 4.I did well in English. ( ) 5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 考点2.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候 也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。 I.如何辨别系动词 有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换 的，就是行为动词。如： vi. vt. . 宾语 宾语（间）宾语（直）宾语宾语补足语 表语 ① ⑤ ② ④ ③