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航海类(甲类)三副-《航海学》历届真题第42期

航海类(甲类)三副-《航海学》历届真题第42期
航海类(甲类)三副-《航海学》历届真题第42期

中华人民共和国海事局

2007年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第42期)

科目:航海学试卷代号:913

适用对象:无限航区3000总吨及以上船舶二/三副

(本试卷卷面总分100分,及格分为70分,考试时间100分钟)

答题说明:本试卷试题均为单项选择题,请选择一个最合适的答案,并将该答案按答题卡要求,

在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。每题1分,共100分。

1.航海学中的地球形状用______来描述的。

A. 地球自然表面围成的几何体

B. 大地球体

C. 地球椭圆体

D. 地球圆球体

2.地理经度和地理纬度是建立在______基础上的。

A. 地球圆球体

B. 地球椭圆体

C. 地球椭球体

D. 球面直角坐标系

3.已知到达点经度λ2=126°11'.3W,两地间的经差Dλ=22°24'.7W,则起航点经度

λ1为:

A. 103°46'.6W

B. 148°36'.0E

C. 104°13'.4W

D. 148°36'.0W

4.从海图上查得GPS船位修正的说明中有“Latitude 2′.10 Northward,Longitude 1′.

40 Westward”字样。GPS的经、纬度读数为:30°40′. 2S,015°12′. 5W。则用于

海图上定位的数据应为:

A. 30°41′. 3S,015°12′. 9W

B. 30°39′. 2S,015°12′. 3W

C. 30°38′. 1S,015°13′. 9W

D. 30°40′. 0S,015°11′. 5W

5.航海上划分方向的方法有:Ⅰ、罗经点法;Ⅱ、半圆周法;Ⅲ、圆周法

A. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

6.某船真航向040°,测得某物标真方位030°,则该物标的相对方位(舷角)为:

A. 10°

B. 10°左

C. 50°

D. 050°

7.某轮陀罗航向142°,陀罗差2°E,陀罗方位200°处某物标舷角为:

A. 58°左

B. 060°

C. 056°

D. 058°

8.磁罗经自差是:Ⅰ、磁北与罗北的夹角;Ⅱ、罗经差减去磁差;Ⅲ、磁方位减去罗方位

A. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

9.1n mile的实际长度______。

A. 在赤道附近最短

B. 在纬度45°附近最短

C. 在两极附近最短

D. 固定不变

10.设物标高度为H(单位:m),测者眼高为e(单位:m),则理论上测者能见地平距离De

(单位:n mile)为______。

A.2.09e B.2.09H C.2.09e+2.09H D.2.20e

11.中版海图和航标表中灯标射程取值为:

A. 光力能见距离与地理能见距离两者当中较大者

B. 光力能见距离与地理能见距离两者当中较小者

C. 光力能见距离与测者5m眼高的地理能见距离两者当中较大者

D. 光力能见距离与测者5m眼高的地理能见距离两者当中较小者

12.英版海图某灯塔灯高64m,额定光力射程30M,已知测者眼高为25m,则能见度良好(10

n mile)时该灯塔灯光的最大可见距离是:

A. 21.4n mile

B. 27.2 n mile

C. 28.6 n mile

D. 25.0 n mile

13.船舶驾驶台中的主机转速与船速对照表,是在下列哪种情况下进行测定的?Ⅰ、船舶

满载;Ⅱ、船舶半载;Ⅲ、船舶空载

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

14.某轮船速12kn,逆风逆流航行,流速1kn,风使船减速1kn,则1h后船舶对水航程为:

A. 9 n mile

B. 10 n mile

C. 11 n mile

D. 12 n mile

15.同一墨卡托海图上30°N纬线上某点经线方向的局部比例尺比31°N纬线上某点纬线方

向的局部比例尺______。

A. 大

B. 小

C. 相同

D. 无法比较

16.海图绘制工作中绘画误差不超过0.1mm,比例尺为1:1000000的海图的极限精度为:

A. 50m

B. 100m

C. 150m

D. 200m

17.等角横圆柱投影,即高斯-克吕格投影,在航海上常被用来绘制:

A. 半球星图

B. 大圆海图

C. 墨卡托航用海图

D. 大比例尺港泊

18.在不同的墨卡托海图上,同一纬度的纬度渐长率______。

A. 在比例尺大的海图上高

B. 在比例尺小的海图上高

C. 相等

D. 不一定,取决于1赤道里的长度

19.某张墨卡托海图比例尺为1:50000(60°N),若图上北纬60°处有一东西宽2cm的小

岛,则该小岛在地面上的实际宽度为:

A. 500m

B. 866m

C. 1000m

D. 2000m

20.海图高程基准面通常作为海图上所标______等高程的起算面。Ⅰ、山头;Ⅱ、岛屿;Ⅲ、

明礁

A. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

21.海图标题栏通常包括下列哪些内容?Ⅰ、图名;Ⅱ、图号;Ⅲ、图幅;Ⅳ、比例尺;

Ⅴ、计量单位;Ⅵ、出版和发行情况

A. Ⅰ~Ⅳ

B. Ⅰ~Ⅴ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ

D. Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ

22.海图上所标干出高度是指:

A. 物标高出海底的高度

B. 海图深度基准面以上的高度

C. 平均海面以上的高度

D. 平均大潮高潮面以上的高度

23.海图水面空白区域,表示该区______。

A. 不存在航海危险,没有必要测量

B. 经过测量,其内水深足够,无需标

C. 未经详细测量,应视为不可靠区域

D. 航海危险区

24.海图底质注记中,缩写“M. S.”表示:

A. 分层底质,上层为沙,下层为泥

B. 分层底质,上层为泥,下层为沙

C. 沙的成分多于泥的成分的混合底质

D. 泥的成分多于沙的成分的混合底质

25.中版海图图式中,缩写“概位”是指:

A. 礁石、浅滩等的存在有疑问

B. 深度可能小于已注明的水深注记

C. 对危险物的位置有怀疑

D. 危险物的位置未经精确测量

26.中版图式“”表示:

A. 沉船残骸及其它有碍抛锚和拖网的地区

B. 深度不明的障碍物

C. 鱼栅

D. 贝类养殖场

27.在一个周期内相继出现几个不同闪光次数的联闪光为:

A. 明暗光

B. 联闪光

C. 混合联闪光

D. 长闪光

28.英版海图上有图式“★Fl(2) 5s 10m 11M”,表明该灯:

A. 每隔5秒闪光2次,射程为10 n.mile

B. 每隔5秒闪光1次,2次10秒

C. 灯高11米,射程为10 n.mile

D. 灯高10米,射程为11 n.mile

29.海图图式“”表示:

A. 引航站

B. 限制区界限

C. 无线电报告点

D. 生产平台、井架

30.要了解某张海图的现行版日期时可查阅______。Ⅰ、航海图书总目录;Ⅱ、英版航海通

告累积表;Ⅲ、英版航海通告年度摘要;Ⅳ 季末版航海通告

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅲ、Ⅳ

D. Ⅰ~Ⅳ

31.在电子海图显示与信息系统中,海图显示方式有:Ⅰ、正北向上;Ⅱ、航向向上;Ⅲ、

相对运动

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

32.根据我国海图规则的要求,______船位差,必须进行分析,并作出记录。

A. 开航后的第一个

B. 每天中午的

C. 接近沿岸的第一个

D. 每天0800的

33.从已知船位, 根据计程仪航程在计划航线上截取的船位称为:

A. 积算船位

B. 概算船位

C. 估算船位

D. 参考船位

34.某船计划航迹向090 °,船速10kn;流向正南,流速4kn。则该轮应驶的真航向为:

A. 112 °

B. 068 °

C. 114 °

D. 066 °

35.某轮计划航向225°,驶真航向225°,连续定位法实测航迹向220°,则该轮实测风

流压差和修正风流压差后应驶的真航向分别为:

A. +5°,220°

B. +5°,230°

C. -5°,220°

D. -5°,230°

36.某轮沿某叠标航行, 图示叠标方位为030 ° , 罗经航向030 ° , 磁差1 ° W, 自差

2 ° W, 则实测风流压差为:

A. –3 °

B. +3 °

C. 0 °

D. –4 °

37.某轮罗航向286 ° , 用雷达测右舷物标最小距离罗方位为026 ° , 罗经差为-1 ° ,

则航迹向为:

A. 295 °

B. +10 °

C. –10 °

D. 275 °

38.航迹计算法主要适用于:Ⅰ、海区海图比例尺小,为了提高推算精度;Ⅱ、渔区航行需

频繁转向的场合;Ⅲ、现代化导航仪中的航行计算

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

39.同一纬度上两点间的东西距是两点间的______。

A. 经差

B. 最短距离

C. 纬度圈弧长

D. 大圆弧长

40.在大比例海图上山形等高线______。

A. 愈密表示山形愈平坦

B. 愈疏表示山形愈陡峭

C. 疏密与山形的陡峭平坦无关系

D. 愈密表示山形愈陡峭

41.某船在航行中用六分仪观测未知高度的物标垂直角α=45′,用雷达测得船与物标的水

平距离是12海里,则未知物标的高度应为多少?

A. 281m

B. 291m

C. 295m

D. 300m

42.陆标定位时,有远近不等的数个物标分布在船周围,我们在选取时______。

A. 应远近搭配选用

B. 应选用离船远些的物标

C. 应选用离船近些的物标,且夹角适当

D. 应考虑夹角适当,不必考虑物标的远近

43.两物标距离定位时, 应避免:Ⅰ、两物标的方位交角很小;Ⅱ、在左、右正横附近各有

一个物标;Ⅲ、在首、尾方向上各有一个物标

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

44.“倍角法”和“四点方位法”是用来______。

A. 测定船位误差

B. 船舶避险

C. 求实际航迹向

D. 测定船位

45.天球上的天赤道与地球上的______对应。

A. 经线

B. 赤道

C. 纬线

D. 东西距

46.在天体周日视运动中,天体赤纬大时与赤纬小时运动周期______。

A. 相同

B. 赤纬高时周期短

C. 赤纬低时周期短

D. 北赤纬的周期长

47.黄道与天赤道的两交点是:

A. 春分点和秋分点

B. 夏至点和冬至点

C. 南点和北点

D. 东点和西点

48.在周日视运动中,太阳连续两次经过某地______所经历的时间间隔称为1太阳日。

A. 子圈

B. 午圈

C. 子午圈

D. 东西圈

49.同一时刻不同时区的区时相差______。

A. 两地的纬差

B. 两地的经差

C. 两时区中线经度之差

D. 测者的经度

50.一船东行过日界线,同时另一船西行过日界线,过日界线后则两船______。

A. 时间相同,日期相同

B. 时间不相同,日期相同

C. 时间相同,日期相差一天

D. 时间不相同,日期相差两天

51.潮汐的视差不等主要是由于:

A. 太阳、月球与地球相对位置的不同引起的

B. 月球赤纬不同引起

C. 太阳、月球与地球的距离变化引起的

D. 太阳赤纬的不同引起的

52.潮信资料包括:Ⅰ、平均高低潮间隙;Ⅱ、高、低潮时差;Ⅲ、大、小潮升;Ⅳ、平均

海面季节改正;Ⅴ、潮差比;Ⅵ、平均海面

A. Ⅰ~Ⅵ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ

C. Ⅰ ~Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ

53.以下哪种水文气象因素的急剧变化会引起潮汐变化的反常现象?Ⅰ、降水;Ⅱ、气压;

Ⅲ、结冰

A. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

54.利用英版《潮汐表》求附港潮汐,主港某日潮汐为:0929 1.0m,1838 4.0m。主附港高

潮潮高差为-30cm ;低潮潮高差为-50cm。附港高、低潮潮高分别为:

A. 0.7m、3.5m

B. 0.5m、3.7m

C. 1.3m、4.5m

D. 1.3m、4.3m

55.英版潮汐潮流中,关于流速前正、负号的说法中正确的是:Ⅰ、正号一般代表涨潮流向;

Ⅱ、负号一般代表落潮流向;Ⅲ、正负号代表的具体流向在表中有说明

A. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

56.回转流图中, 矢端注有数字“Ⅱ”的箭矢表示:

A. 主港高潮前2小时的流向

B. 主港高潮后2小时的流向

C. 该处高潮前2小时的流向

D. 该处高潮后2小时的流向

57.按技术装置不同,航标可分为:

A. 沿海航标、内河航标、船闸航标

B. 灯塔、灯桩、立标

C. 灯船、灯浮、浮标

D. 发光航标、不发光航标、音响航标、无线电航

58.某船航行中发现前方有海图标注,该船应该在该灯标的_____通过是安全的。

A. 左侧

B. 右侧

C. 任意一侧

D. 远离该标

59.大圆航线通常适用于:

A. 航程较短时

B. 接近南北向航行时

C. 在低纬近赤道地区航行时

D. 航行纬度较高,航线跨越经差较大时

60.某船由60°55′.5N,065°04′W,航行到36°50′N,008°59′W,则该船的大圆始

航向为:

A. 98°

B. 172°

C. 098°

D. 198°

61.拟定大洋航线的主要参考资料有:Ⅰ、《世界大洋航路》;Ⅱ、每月航路设计图;Ⅲ、

《航路指南》;Ⅳ、《航海图书总目录》;Ⅴ、《进港指南》

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅰ~Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ~Ⅳ

D. Ⅰ~Ⅴ

62.冰区航行的可能性取决于冰量、冰质及本船条件,通常冰量在______以下、冰厚在______

以下时尚可航行。

A. 4/10,30cm

B. 6/10,50cm

C. 4/10,50cm

D. 6/10,30cm

63.拟定沿岸航线时,一般不用考虑下列哪项因素?

A. 风流情况

B. 交通密度

C. 渔船渔栅

D. 安全航速

64.根据船舶定线制的一般规定,船舶在双向航路内航行,应:

A. 尽可能靠右行驶

B. 尽可能靠左行驶

C. 尽可能行驶在航路中央

D. 可在航路内任何地方航行

65.单一船位线与计划航线平行时,一般可用来判断______。

A. 推算船位偏离航线的误差

B. 推算航程的误差

C. 推算船位的误差

D. 观测船位的误差

66.狭水道航行,为了避开帆船和非机动船,通常应选择在______时进出港。

A. 涨潮

B. 落潮

C. 平潮

D. 大潮

67.某轮在狭水道航行,计划航向160°,选择航线正前方某单一物标进行导标方位导航,

如航行中实测该导标陀罗方位158°,陀罗差2°W,则该轮应:

A. 向左调整航向

B. 向右调整航向

C. 保持原航向

D. 无法确定

68.采用物标正横转向法,应选择______附近,转向______侧的孤立、显著的物标作为转向

物标。

A. 航线,同名

B. 航线,异名

C. 转向点,异名

D. 转向点,同名

69.当所选避险物标与危险物的连线与计划航线垂直或接近垂直时,宜采用:

A. 方位避险

B. 距离避险

C. 水平角避险

D. 垂直角避险

70.岛礁区航行,通过珊瑚礁的最有利时机是微风、______和______时。

A. 高潮、面向太阳

B. 高潮、背向太阳

C. 低潮、面向太阳

D. 低潮、背向太阳

71.测深辨位时,测深仪所测得的水深应换算成相应的海图水深,其换算方法为:

A. 海图水深=测深值+吃水-潮高

B. 海图水深=测深值+吃水+潮高

C. 海图水深=测深值-吃水+潮高

D. 海图水深=测深值-吃水-潮高

72.建立船舶交通管理系统(VTS系统)的目的是:Ⅰ、保障船舶交通安全;Ⅱ、提高交通

效率;Ⅲ、保护水域环境

A. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

73.要了解有关某VTS区域的报告程序和内容,可以查阅______。

A. 《无线电信号表》第一卷

B. 《无线电信号表》第二卷

C. 《无线电信号表》第五卷

D. 《无线电信号表》第六卷

74.船舶要加入以船舶搜索救助为目的的报告系统,只需向该系统中心______。

A. 连续报告船位

B. 提交航行计划报告

C. 每天三次报告船舶动态

D. 每天提交中午报告

75.已知标准罗经航向100°,自差-1°,此时操舵罗经航向105°,通过与标准罗经航向

比对,得操舵罗经自差为:

A. +4°

B. +5°

C. +6°

D. -6°

76.影响自由陀螺仪主轴不能稳定指北的最主要因素是:

A. 地球自转角速度的垂直分量

B. 地球自转角速度的水平分量

C. 陀螺仪本身的特性

D. 在陀螺仪主轴上外加力矩

77.通常GPS卫星导航仪启动时,输入的GMT误差为______分钟以内。

A. 10

B. 15

C. 30

D. 60

78.船舶锚泊时,GPS导航仪突然发出报警,并在屏幕上伴随闪烁显示“ANC”,此类报警

是:

A. 到达警

B. 锚更警

C. 偏航警

D. 距离警

79.能够为船载AIS提供精确船位信息的传感器是:

A. ARPA

B. GPS导航仪

C. 罗经

D. 计程仪

80.AIS用于船舶避碰,可以克服雷达/ARPA______方面的缺陷。

A. 盲区

B. 量程

C. 显示方式

D. 运动模式

81.使用现代雷达进行船舶导航时,为准确无误地识别雷达图像,首要的工作是:

A. 改变量程

B. 将自动功能改为手动

C. 掌握相应海区物标的特征和性质

D. 设置识别符号

82.造成雷达荧光屏中心附近雷达回波方位扩展主要因素是:

A. 水平波束宽度

B. 垂直波束宽度

C. 脉冲宽度

D. CRT光点直径

83.船用导航雷达显示的物标回波的大小与物标的______有关。

A. 总面积

B. 总体积

C. 迎向面垂直投影

D. 背面水平伸展的面积

84.在雷达荧光屏局部区域上出现的疏松的棉絮状一片的干扰波是:

A. 雨雪干扰

B. 噪声干扰

C. 海浪干扰

D. 同频干扰

85.雷达荧光屏上间接反射回波的距离等于______。Ⅰ、物标的实际距离;Ⅱ、物标到间接

反射体的距离;Ⅲ、间接反射体到天线的距离

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

D. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

86.在雷达荧光屏上,在一个强回波两侧等距圆弧上对称分布的若干回波点,它们是:

A. 二次扫描回波

B. 多次反射回波

C. 间接反射回波

D. 旁瓣回波

87.为减小雷达测距误差,下述说法错误的是:

A. 适当调节各控钮,使回波清晰、饱满

B. 应经常检查距标的精度,掌握其误差

C. 应将VRM的中心与回波的中心精确重合

D. 应选择陡峭、回波清晰稳定的物标

88.当本船对准远处小物标航行,而在雷达荧光屏上该物标回波不落在船首线上说明:

A. 船首线未对准固定方位0度

B. 雷达有方位误差

C. 雷达有测距误差

D. 雷达有故障

89.对雷达波反射性能最差的物标是:

A. 岛屿

B. 漂浮的货船

C. 葫芦形冰山

D. 岬角

90.搜救雷达应答器是装在______。

A. 航行在国际航线上的船舶上

B. 重要的导航标志上

C. 重要的小岛,岬角上

D. 专门用于搜救遇难船舶人员的救援船和飞机上

91.声相关计程仪发射超声波的传播方向是:

A. 水平向前和向后

B. 向前下方和后下方

C. 垂直向下

D. 水平向左和

向右

92.绝对计程仪可测定的航速是:Ⅰ、船舶相对于水的速度;Ⅱ、船舶相对于地的速度;Ⅲ、

船舶相对于流的速度

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

93.回声测深仪发射的是:

A. 音频声波脉冲

B. 音频声波连续波

C. 连续超声波

D. 超声波脉冲

94.地磁南极具有______磁量;地磁北极具有______磁量。

A. 负;正

B. 正;负

C. 负;负

D. 正;正

95.磁罗经自差发生变化的原因是:

A. 船磁场发生变化和地磁场变化

B. 罗经方位圈有固定误差

C. 使用了备用罗经

D. 罗盆内液体减少或有气泡

96.自由陀螺仪的主轴动量矩指北,若加一外力矩,其方向水平向西,则主轴指北端______

进动。

A. 水平向东

B. 水平向西

C. 垂直向上

D. 垂直向下

97.陀螺罗经的纬度误差是采用______阻尼法造成的,且随纬度的增大而______。

A. 垂直轴、增大

B. 水平轴、增大

C. 垂直轴、减小

D. 水平轴、减小

98.起动安许茨4型罗经时,先合上电源开关,后接通随动开关,为使陀螺球达到额定转速,

两者的时间间隔至少应该有:

A. 90分钟

B. 60分钟

C. 40分钟

D. 20分钟

99.连续观测三次天体的罗方位取平均值后再求罗经差的目的是:Ⅰ、减小随机误差的影响;

Ⅱ、抵消系统误差;Ⅲ、避免粗差

A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ

B. Ⅱ、Ⅲ

C. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ

D. Ⅰ、Ⅲ

100、与其他的表册相比,利用《太阳方位表》求罗经差的优点是:

A. 不必内插

B. 计算简便

C. 不用配备《航海天文历》

D. 精度

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航海学知识点汇总 第一章航海学基础知识 1.大地球体:大地水准面围成的球体 2.大地球体两个近似体:椭圆体(进行精度较高计算如定义地理坐标和制作墨卡托海图); 圆球体(简易计算如大圆航线和简易墨卡托海图) 3.地理坐标:基准线是格林经线、纬线经度:由格林经线向东或向西到该点经线,范围 (0—180);纬度:某点在地球椭圆子午线上的法线与赤道面交角,范围(0—90) 4.经差、纬差(范围都为0—180);到达点相对于起航点的方向;Dφ=φ2-φ1 Dλ=λ2- λ1N/E为正号S/W取负号;结果为正为N/E,为负则为S/W;注意如果得出经差大于180,则用360减去其绝对值,然后符号更换。 5.关于赤道、地轴和球心对称问题(关于地心对称纬度等值反向,经度相差180°) 6.关于不同坐标系修正问题:同名相加、异名相减,结果如果为负名称与原来相反。GPS 坐标系左边原点在地心。 7.方向的确定:方向是在测者地面真地平平面上确定的。测者子午圈与测者地面真地平的 交线为南北线,测者卯酉圈(东西圈)与测者地面真地平平面交线为东西线。方向的三种表示法,要会换算。(圆周、半圆周、罗经点)一个罗经点11.25°。 圆周法是以真北为起点顺时针0-360°,半圆法是以北或南为起点顺时针或逆时针0-180°;换算时最好用作图法比较直观。 8.理解真航向(真北到航向线);真方位(真北到方位线);舷角(航向线到方位线,两种 表示法)所以真方位和相对方位(舷角)只是起算点不同,目的点相同,只是相差了真北到航向线的角度,即真航向。要会换算:TB=TC+Q 或TB=TC+Q(右正左负),具体计算既可以用公式也可以用作图法解决(分别以测者和目标为中心做坐标系,连接测者与目标为方位线,便可一目了然。 9.罗经向位换算:罗经差:罗航向与真北夹角;陀螺差:陀螺北与真北夹角;磁差:磁北与 真北夹角,与时间、地区及地磁异常有关;自差:罗北与磁北夹角,与航向、船磁及磁暴有关;TC/GC/MC/CC之间换算要掌握TC=GC+ΔG=CC+ΔC=MC+VAR;MC=CC+DEV 10.关于磁差:航用海图、小比例尺海图、港泊图分别在罗经花、磁差曲线、和海图标题栏 给出。计算所求磁差=图示磁差+年差x(所求年份-测量年份)○1图示磁差取绝对值;○2年差增加取+,减少取—,若用E/W表示,则与图示磁差同名取+异名取—;○3结果为+时,所求磁差与图示磁差同名;为负时所求磁差与图示磁差异名。 11.海里定义:地球椭圆子午线上纬度1分所对应的弧长1n mile=1852.25-9.31cos2φ(m) 赤 道最短,两极最长44014—90之间实际船位落后于推算船位;44014S—44014N之间,实际船位超前于推算船位。 12.测者能见地平距离D e、物标能见地平距离D h、物标地理能见地平距离D0的区别与计算。 13.中版射程:晴天黑夜,测者眼高5米时,理论上能够看到的灯标灯光的最大距离,某灯 标射程等于该灯标光力能见距离和5米眼高地理能见距离中较小者,中版射程与眼高无关,但要是问最大可见距离就有关了。英版射程:光力射程或额定光力射程,它只与光力能见距离和气象能见度有关。如何求最大可见距离问题:○1算出物标地理能见距离D0;○2和射程比较取小者。 14.航速与航程V船不计风流;V L计风不计流;V G计风又计流,所以V船与V L比只差风, 可以判断顶风逆风;V L与V G只差流,可以判断顶流逆流。船速和计程仪改正率几种情况的测定ΔL=S L-(L2-L1)/L2-L1记住:SL是准确的对水航程。几种测船速和ΔL的测量方法(无风流、恒流、等加速流、变加速流几种情况)

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试题七 一.单项选择题 1. A synthetic mooring line is being heaved on a capstan.There is moderate strain on the line.The line begins to slip.Which of the following should be done?① Stop the capstan and take extra turns.② Have more than one seaman keep a substantial strain on the line and continue heaving easy. A. ① only B. ② only C. Both ① and ② D. Neither ① nor ② 2. ______Two degree on starboard. A. What rudder B. How heading C. Are you on your course D. How answer 3. You should plot your dead reckoning position ______. A. when you obtain an estimated position B. ONL Y in piloting waters C. at every speed change D. All of the above are correct 4. V essel must be ______duly qualified officers and crew. A. supplied with B. equipped by C. manned with D. fitted with 5. T he ship's officers must ______checking on the stowage of all the cargoes loaded on board. A. do B. be interested in C. have relation to D. be troubled with 6. Heavy fuel oils when spilled are ______. A. more harmful to sea life than lighter oils B. easier to clean up than lighter refined oils C. less harmful to sea life than lighter oils D. not a real threat to marine life 7.______will reduce the visibility. A. dust B. sea water C. land sand D. wind 8. The commander of a rescue unit designated to co-ordinate search and rescue operations within a specified area is the ______. A. General commander B. Commander general C. Search commander D. On-scene commander 9. Failure to comply with the clauses of charter party may result in action against the vessel. A. be making B. being taken C. be taking D. being made 10. Which of the following best indicates how many tons of cargo a ship can carry? A. Bale cubic B. Deadweight C. Gross tonnage D. Net tonnage 11. You are at anchor in fog on a 120-meter power-driven vessel. You hear the fog signal of a vessel approaching off your port bow. You may sound ______. A. one short,one prolonged,and one short blast B. one prolonged,one short and one prolonged C. one prolonged blast D. two short blasts 12. Fire hose couplings ______. A. are made of bronze,brass,or soft alloy metals B. should be painted red in order to identify hose lengths C. are specially hardened to prevent crushing D. should be greased frequently 13. A Doppler speed log indicates speed over ground ______.

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