当前位置：文档视界 › 英语考研

英语考研

山东大学-- 015 外国语学院2011年硕士研究生招生目录

北航外国语学院2011年初试科目

英语语言文学

1.101 政治理论

2.222 俄语二外或223日语二外或224德语二外或225法语二

外

3.721 基础英语

4.822 英美文学

参考书目

822 英美文学

《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社，刘炳善

《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社，杨岂深

《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社，常耀信

《美国文学选读》南开大学出版社，常耀信

外国语言学及应用语言学

基础英语试题及答案

考生注意：所有答题务必写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。

I． V ocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40)

Part 1

Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.

1. “The giant was bit” is a tautological statement, to say the least.

A tight

B redundant

C illogical

D relative

2. There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house.

A landing place

B prohibition

C violation

D permission

3. Y oungsters are usually more impetuous than old people .

A impatient

B immature

C impulsive

D imperial

4. Unfortunately, I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores.

A dull

B practical

C trivial

D rhyming

5. The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor’s assurance too glib.

A sarcastic

B flashy

C malicious

D readily fluent

6. Gazing at the crystalline lake, I decided it was too beautiful to swim in.

A breakable

B futuristic

C delicate

D sparkling

7. We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership.

A lead

B doubt

C check

D repeat

8.It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice, but it can be done.

A affluent

B confirmed

C disciplined

D indecisive

9. They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company

A headhunted

B punched

C plundered

D probed

10. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable.

A indelible

B inscrutable

C illegible

D illegitimate

11. She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest.

A bridled

B bridged

C breathed

D boasted

12. Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big company.

A positive outlook

B banking agreement

C profit-and-loss statement

D formal business document

13 .The real hero is never ostentatious.

A frivolous

B pretentious

C presumptuous

D ponderous

14. If you have never held a driving license before, you should apply for a provisional license.

A providential

B temporary

C provincial

D improvised

15. John Smith is a voracious book collector.

A vicious

B luxurious

C insatiable

D valuable

16. I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.

A precipitous

B precocious

C precarious

D precautious

17. Y ou need an excursion to break the monotony.

A gaunt

B jaunt

C vaunt

D taunt

18. The government appears in a quandary about what to do with so many people.

A border

B marshy ground

C dilemma

D situation

19. It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an author.

A unexpected

B interesting

C favorable

D doubtful

20. The governor was usually circumspect when dealing with the media.

A skilled

B cautious

C impatient

D obedient

Part 2

Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.

21. The children were having a wonderful time _____ on the frozen lake.

A slipping

B slithering

C skidding

D sliding

22. The campers ______ their tent in a sheltered valley.

A established

B installed

C pitched

D fixed

23. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning. Whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _____ .

A response

B impulse

C instinct

D consciousness

24. The cultural traditions of the invaders slowly ______ the practices of the island dwellers.

A spread

B perpetuated

C permeated

D reinforced

25. He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his bestselling novel he became unbearable _____ .

A bigoted

B proud

C conceited

D exaggerated

26. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.

A actual

B real

C original

D genuine

27. Although ____, new deposits of oil will be found, sooner or later, the world’s supply will be exhausted.

A in all likelihood

B in all possibility

C in all circumstances

D in all conditions

28. I should like to rent a house, comfortable and ___ in a quiet position.

A before all

B above all

C first of all

D over all

29. He came to inspect the house ___ buying it.

A in the event of

B with a view to

C in case of

D with regard to

30. Let’s not ____ over such a trifle!

A fall through

B fall off

C fall out

D fall back

31. He is a clever mimic who can take ____ most of the lectures in this college.

A over

B down

C off

D for

32. He tried for forgery in a law court but was lucky enough to _____ .

A get on

B get off

C get through

D get out

33. The captain turned ____ early that night, not realizing that the icebergs were so close

A in

B down

C into

D OFF

34. Y ou promised you would do it. Why did you go ____ on your word?

A back

B away

C over

D by

35. The numerals have become, _____ , his friends, and he knows all their relations and acquaintances.

A as it is

B as it was

C as it were

D as they are

36. A safety analysis _____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

A would identify

B will identify

C would have identified

D will have identified

37. Jennifer took this opportunity to repay her friends for their kindness ____ , she would have had to entertain them in her small apartment in Charlotte town.

A Otherwise

B However

C But

D Nevertheless

38. The window is never opened ____ in summer.

A but

B except

C when

D while

39. Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold ____ bacteria in foods to

a safe level.

A a number of

B the number of

C an amount of

D a quantity of

40. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that is ____ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

A is to be analyzed

B has been analyzed

C be analyzed

D should have been analyzed

II. Error spotting (20points, 1*20)

Directions: Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter.

41. The process depends, however, upon the drawer, cupboard and storage space being provided,

A B

for the lack of which some thing may literally have no place to go .

C D

42. Immediately after I put my head on it, I got to understand that translation wasn’t as mechanical

A B C

a jo

b as I had held it to be.

43. Living in a remote country village, many forms of entertainment are in accessible to us.

A B C D

44. Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send food and medicine

A B C

to the starved people.

45. The government deems it essential that people are psychologically able to resist the impact

A B

brought about by the transition from planned economy to market-oriented economy.

C D

46. At seeing him, I couldn’t resist laughing because his suit hung loosely, as if tailored for

A B C

someone twice his size.

47. What is often stressed in most of the literature, an objective of Women Lib is to do away with A B C

unfair discrimination against women.

48. If ambition is to be well regarded, the reward of ambition ---- wealth, distinction, control over

A B

one’s destiny ----- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.

C D

49. Mr. Smith regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was

A B C

his own fault.

50. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly, which really have surprised us all.

A B C D

51. The parent as teacher-counselor acts in accord with the developmental model of child rearing, A

by which the child is viewed as an extremely plastic organism with virtually unlimited potential

B C

for growth and development.

52. For every patient with AIDS, it is estimated that there are 10 times as many as ARC, or

AIDS-Related Complex, a precursor to the fullblown disease, and 50 times as many who already B C

have been infected with the agent human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.

53. If only the nature of the aging process is better understood the possibility of discovering a

A B C

medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.

54.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transit to

A B C

take place of private cars.

55. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files,

A B

and program computers to locate specific in formation.

C D

56. Once an occupation came to be received to be “female”, employers showed little interest in

A B

changing that perception, even when higher profits were expected to be gained.

C D

57. It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminished as the demand

A B C

for them is on the increase.

58. The men who wrote the United States Constitution did the best they could on the face of

A B C

circumstances which confronted them at the time.

59.I am sure one of the main reasons why boys and girls are such good companions today is that

A B

they are no longer afraid of showing their feeling towards each other.

C D

60.The data received from the two spacecrafts whirling around Mars indicate that there is much

A B C

evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.

III. Cloze (10 points, 1*10)

Directions: Fill in each underlined space with one word that best suits the context of the following passage.

Today it is out of fashion to speak in ___61______ of characters. But there is no more essential aspect of any person.

Character is made up of those principles and values that give your __62___ direction, meaning and depth. These constitute your inner sense of ___63_____ is right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct ___64____ on who you are. They include ___65____ traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity ------ which arise ___66______ the hard choice we have to _67___ in life. So wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.

___68____ some people wonder if our inner values __69_____ anymore. After all, hasn’t our noted bank executive succeeded in every visible way ___70____ his transgressions( 错误，过失)。

VI. Translation from Chinese into English (30 points)

在找工作的过程中，有面试，就有曙光。面试的成功与否，除了面试官如何看你的条件及个人素质外，主要取决于他们如何评价你在面试中总的表现，因此，有必要把它当作一场演出或比赛来看待，其目的是向面试官推销自己，让他们感到你是干这项工作的最佳人选。大多数人在面试中处于被动地位，竭尽全力回答提出的任何问题。一种更好的方法是控制局面，给面试官提供你想给他们的信息，而不是他们想从你这儿发现的信息：使他们有信心，绝对相信你是能胜任这项工作的人选，让他们几乎没有理由相信你不能胜任。信心不仅仅来自你作出的回答，也产生于你的外表以及你表现出来的热情、精力、自信、个人品质和雄心壮志。

大多数面试者没能得到工作的主要原因就是他们没能使面试官对他们产生信心。他们败下阵来并非是他们不能胜任这项工作，而是他们对自己能胜任工作的自信没能在面试中表现出来。他们的自我推销做得还不够。大多数人之所以这样是因为他们在面试时很紧张，如果每次面试后都没有得到工作，不少人觉得自己是失败者并变的更为焦虑。这是不实际的。大多数面试者都将被拘之门外。不要想自己是否会得到这份工作。只需专心参加面试，并竭尽所能，工作自然就会有着落了。

V . Translation from English into Chinese. (30 points)

It used to be said that English people take their pleasures sadly. No doubt this would still be true if they had any pleasures to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in my country has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasures sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English – speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income.

In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arrived. But when I look at the faces of people in opulent cars, whether in your country or in mine. I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led me to expect. In nine cases out of ten. I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded (腻烦的)palate.

But it is not only the very rich who suffer in this way. Professional men very frequently feel hopelessly thwarted. There is something that they long to do or some public object that they long to work for. But if they were to indulge their wishes in these respects, they fear that they would lose their livelihood. Their wives are equally unsatisfied, for their neighbor, Mrs. So-and-So, has gone ahead more quickly, has a better car , a larger apartment and grander friends.

Life for almost everybody is a long competitive struggle where very few can win the race and those who do not win are unhappy. On social occasions when it is de rigueur(按照礼节时尚所要求的)to seem cheerful the necessary demeanor is stimulated by alcohol. But the gaiety does not ring true and anybody who had just one drink too many is apt to lapse into lachrymose (泪流满面的) melancholy.

One finds this sort of thing only among English speaking people. A Frenchman while he is abusing Government is as gay as a lark. So is an Italian while he is telling how his neighbor has

swindled him. Mexicans, when they are not actually starving or actually being murdered, sing and dance and enjoy sunshine and food and drink with a gusto which

Is very rare north of the Mexican frontier. When Andrew Jackson conquered Pensacola from the Spaniards, his wife looked out of the widow and saw the population enjoying itself although it was Sunday. She pointed out the scandal to her husband, who decreed that cheerfulness must cease forthwith And it did.

When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep is the necessity for subservience (服从)in some large organization. If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. Whenever you have bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. The more energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you became the proper sort of yes-man your income would soon be doubled. If you try divorce and remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And so you are condemned to gastric ulcers (胃溃疡) and premature old age.

VI. Writing (20 points)

Directions: Write an expository composition of no less than 200 words on the topic “My V iew on a Balanced Personal Development”

参考答案：

1. B

2.B

3. C

4. A

5. D

6. D

7. B

8. B

9. A 10. C

11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B

21. C 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. B

31. B 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. C

41. B 42. A 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. B

51. A 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60.B

中国石油大学华东2011年

213日语：《标准日本语》初级上、下册，中级上册。

607综合英语：《高级英语》，张汉熙编，外语教学与研究出版社。

448翻译与写作：《英汉翻译教程》张培基主编，上海外语教学出版社，1980年版；《英汉翻译教程》庄绎传主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年版。

中国石油大学（北京）英语考研参考书目

研究方向

01语言学及应用语言学

02翻译理论与实践

03特殊用途英语

考试科目

①101政治

②222俄语或223日语或224德语或225法语或226西班牙语

③690语言学（含英美文学）

④890综合英语

009 690 语言学（含英美文学）《语言学教程：Linguistics: A Course Book》(修订版)胡壮麟等，北京大学出版社，2001年

009 690 语言学（含英美文学）《英国文学简史》（新增订本），刘炳善，河南人民出版社，2007年

009 690 语言学（含英美文学）《英国文学选读》（第二版），王守仁，高等教育出版社，2005年

009 690 语言学（含英美文学）美国文学简史（第二版）常耀信著，南开大学出版社，2003年

009 690 语言学（含英美文学）美国文学选读（上下册）李宜燮，常耀信，南开大学出版社，1991年

009 890 综合英语综合教程(1-6册) ，主编：何兆熊，上海外语教育出版社，2007年

009 890 综合英语实用翻译教程，冯庆华，上海外语教学出版社，2002年009 890 综合英语英译汉教程，连淑能，高等教育出版社，2006年

009 223 日语《标准日本语（初级上、下，中级上）》旧版，人民教育出版社

基础英语(导师：北京环球时代学校校长，国际关系学院硕士生导师吴中东教授)

现在距离2010年考研时间还有整整7个月，参加英语专业考研的考生应该在6月和7月之间将主要精力集中在基础英语上。对于英语专业考研来说，90%的院校基础英语没有指定的参考书，这成了考生们的最大困难，在此，环球时代提醒考生们近两个月必须在掌握共核性知识的基础上，进一步夯实基础，注重积累，并努力做好以下几件事：

首先，培养英语语感，大量的朗读美丽的语篇，读准每个词，反复练习，可从以下几本书下手，如《英语专业考研核心词汇》，《英语专业学习与应试必备美文》1-2，《散文佳作108篇》等。第二，现在越来越多的学校注重时势文章的考核，所以同学们可以读一些News Week, Times, Economist 等等，另外就是多读一些文学方面的书籍。

其次，考英研的同学要注意掌握大量的单词，要注意词汇的深度和广度，注意把易混词、近义词一起消化。阅读理解的出题方式有四选一和Paraphrase, Short answer 或Summary。大家可以做做我们编写的配套教材《GRE阅读》等。翻译方面，环球时代专家建议大家要尽量精读张培基的翻译书，注意翻译技巧和通顺规则。写作要多多模仿，背诵经典范文范例一书。另外，考生们在复习时要注意基础英语答题方式和技巧，做到严谨、专业、完美、漂亮，这样在临场时才会有较好的发挥。

英美文学(导师：环球时代学校副校长，北京外国语大学英美文学博士宫玉波教授)

从英美文学考试来看，各英语专业院校参考书五花八门，深浅不一、版本不同。有张伯香的《英美文学选读》，吴伟仁的《英国文学史及选读》和《美国文学史及选读》，还有指定刘炳善的《英国文学简史》、常耀信的《美国文学简史》、陈嘉的《英国文学史》、杨岂深的《英国文学选读》等等，但是，不管哪所学校指定哪本参考书，都不关重要的，关键的是，你要从书中真正找到英语专业考研的核心，清晰的复习，来源于多年的经验总结。现在，我们要求同学们应该把你准备报考院校的指定书《英国文学》《美国文学》通读1-2遍，找到一根主线，按照年代、找到重要作家、作品，构筑文学框架，这样你就能较轻松地在浩如烟海的文学世界里自由翱翔了。

对于不考文学的考生，奉劝大家最好也看看，因为考翻译要有文学积累文学素养，有些基础英语的阅读本身就是文学作品。比如考北师有文学赏析题，怎么做到不知道也能得分，就是要掌握一个看书、背书及答题的原则。在此建议大家可以熟记一下《英语专业考研英美文学考点测评》全景图，相信会对你全面掌握英美文学考试重点有很大帮助。

语言学(导师：环球时代语言学主讲，北京大学语言学博士许宏晨副教授)

英语语言学备考是个大问题，很多英语专业的学生在本科学习后还感到无从下手，对于那些跨专业考英研的考生来说更是一头雾水。对于指定用书不像文学五花八门，其中以北京大学胡壮麟老师的《语言学教程》为主，指定本书的学校占到85%左右，其余的有外研社刘润清、文旭老师的《新编语言学教程》，杜诗春的《应用语言学》，戴伟栋《简明英语语言学教程》等，还有的学校不指定参考书，环球时代学校专家在这里特别提醒考生，语言学考试的重点还是强调共核性知识。

所以在此专家提醒考生：一、从报考院校的考题出发，提出考点的出处，具体说来它出自哪一章，哪一节，是属于记忆的部分还是属于应用的部分，理清头绪后着重复习。二、对于不提供试题的院校，找到报考院校的参考书，对参考书后的练习题重点做。三，找一个好老师，跟着老师的思路走，着重复习理论部分，理论部分重点看名词解释，以大题为主。四，多做练习，增加自信心。

翻译(导师：环球时代学校英研翻译主讲，翻译学专家李春辉教授)

近年来，英语专业考研翻译方向的报考人数越来越多，每年增长速度很快，原因是翻译的实用性很强，应用范围很广。很多英语专业考研招生院校在命题时，除了在基础英语试卷中出现大篇的翻译题型之外，还在专业课上重点考核，将近30%的院校在专业试卷中只考翻译和写作，可见翻译的重要性和决定性。

翻译在考英研的时候总体存在几个方面的问题：1、不知道从何入手，不清楚翻译的方法。2、语言基本功差，包括汉语言的功底。3、综合知识面窄。4、英美文化及汉语文化功底肤浅。

针对这些问题解决办法：多听多读多练多做，给大家推荐一些书可以看看。如：《英汉名篇名译》、《高级翻译教程》、《冰心小说散文选(英汉对照)》《古代散文卷(英汉对照) 》《英汉翻译教程》《高级英语(上)(下)》《Advanced English (I )(II )》《英语散文佳作赏析与翻译》《英语翻译教程》等。翻译是专家领进门修行在个人，考生听过老师的方法后，一定要加强自主翻译练习，在练习时要注重应用所学翻译手段，感悟翻译的道理，要以质取胜(少做多想，悟出道理)。

英语专业考研和其他专业考研一样，对复习时间的安排要有所规划。对于很多考研的学生来说，怎样合理规划时间目前还没有很多的思路，为了使英语专业考生能对自己的复习有个很好的规划，考研教育网辅导老师建议考生，可以参考以下时间安排。

第一阶段：3月前

主要任务：选择学校，确定专业，购置复习参考书

专家提醒：复习参考书的购置，考生最好参考目标院校上一年度的招生简章。

第二阶段：3月至6月

主要任务：夯实基础，突破基础英语、二外初级

专家提醒：基础阶段的复习，以基础英语为主，要在全面的基础上增强基础知识的掌握；二外的复习也要开始，虽然不像基础英语那样全面，但是基础的东西一定要掌握。

第三阶段：6月至9月

主要任务：强化专业程训练，突破二外中级，通读政治

专家提醒：此时专业课程要按照新的招生简章进行复习，二外也要走上强化复习的路程，基础英语此时要结合真题进行练习；政治的复习也要开始。

第四阶段：10月至12月

主要任务：研读真题，加强训练，查漏补缺，模拟冲刺

专家提醒：此时的练习要和基础阶段的复习相区别，不能抠细，而要从系统的角度把握，也就是把知识点串成一串，锻炼自己分析问题的能力。

第五阶段：12月至1月

主要任务：调整心态，提纲挈领重点突破，满怀信心迎接考研

专家提醒：此时的复习重点是自己薄弱的环节，看在短期之内是否能有提高，要是不能，考生应将重点放在基础知识上，争取在基础知识上不丢分。

第六阶段：1月至3月

主要任务：强化语音语调，专业面试模拟，力争复试通关

专家提醒：考研复试对于英语专业的考生而言，是非常重要的，和初试比较起来，一点也不能马虎，因此对于复试一定要做好准备。

第一阶段：3月——5月

主要内容：基础英语和第二外语同步强化

在这段时间里，同学们应该重点研读高级英语和第二外语指定教材。很多同学认为自己是英语专业的学生不必要学习基础英语，这个想法是错误的。英研的出题难度普遍高于专八，有英语专业考研特有的核心知识和内容，考察的重点也不同于专四专八，所以对于本科学生来说应该掌握高于本科大纲要求的知识点，才能在众多考生中胜出。另外，二外学习也不是一日之功，往往这个阶段考生们的二外水平才接近初级，

学校的进度远远不能满足考研的要求，所以同学们应该提早动手，从这个阶段开始系统的学习二外初中级内容，争取在8 月之前掌握书中的内容，这样才能确保二外成绩在70-80 分，二外绝对是英研提分的科目，不同于政治再怎么努力成绩也不过60 分而已。

第二阶段：5月——7月

主要内容：夯实基础，不断提高

在这段时间里，要注意提高英语专业考研基础英语的内容，在听、说、读、写、译方面要有较高的提高和增强。另外，要朗读背诵一些英文优秀名篇，如《英语专业学习与应试经典美文40 篇》系列，以提高自己对语言的敏感度。除此之外，要尽早明确自己的考研方向，是语言学，还是英美文学，抑或翻译（笔译、口译），商务英语，英语教育等等。另外，如果你的口语不是很好的话，建议你从现在开始要做做口语发音等方面的功课，要重视你的语音面貌，否则在复试中失利将前功尽弃，往年的考生也不乏其人，初试成绩名列前茅，但在最后的复试中名落孙山。

第三阶段：7月——9月

主要内容：查漏补缺，突击“共核”

该阶段应该注重基础英语、专业课、第二外语三大主科的共核性知识的复习和掌握。所谓共核，就是任何学校都要考的，比如英语的基础知识，如词汇、语法、修辞、阅读、写作、翻译等；综合英语，如语言学、文化、翻译等。了解英研的命题思路和重点，检查自己的薄弱环节，重点突击，专项强化。

第四阶段：10月——11月

主要内容：研读真题，把握要点

已经确定了自己的报考院校之后，就需要在共核性知识的基础上，研读所报院校的考试大纲，有的学校不提供历年的真题，比如北京语言大学、华北电力大学、山东大学等等，就需要我们从考试大纲和掌握的历年考试资讯或样题中深入挖掘考试重点，分析导师研究重点和方向，锁定考点，分层突破。从2008 年的英研成绩来看，很多同学也考到了400 分以上的好成绩。所以真题很重要，但你的基础更重要。

第五阶段：12月——考前

主要内容：融汇贯通、突破弱项

在这一段，需要根据对报考院校信息的掌握和了解，对最后阶段的复习做出充分准确的定位与必要的调整，突破弱项，重点突击，提高最后复习的有效性，掌握答题技巧，融会贯通，确保取得理想成绩。

哈工大英语考研参考书

考研英语作文范文八篇

一、网恋 Directions: Write an essay entitled On-line Love Affair, your essay should meet the requirements below: (1)its side-effect (2)your viewpoints You should write 160~200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 背诵范文： Although the popular belief is that internet increasingly plays an important role in our daily life, a current survey indicates that it has also brought some youngsters great disadvantages. They can do whatever they like, such matters as playing games, chatting. And some are even falling in love with chatters, which is called on-line love. Fresh notion as on-line love is, it sounds ridiculous when analyzed profoundly. What these young people fail to understand is that both sides have not well acquainted with mutually. Some net friends are reported to have been deceived by those people who are doing some criminal activities per year through the internet. Internet has indubitably provided various information for us, and on-line love is nothing but an artifact of fictitious world offered by internet. On the other hand, it is vital that we should make internet serve us better, and at the same time,as far as on-line love is concerned, being objective and levelheaded analysis is not far from being a sensible attitude. 范文精译：尽管大家普遍认为网络在我们的日常生活中越来越重要，但当前的调查表明它同时也给一些年轻人带来了弊端。人们可以通过网络做他们喜欢做的一切，诸如打游戏、聊天。有些人甚至与聊天者谈起了恋爱，这就是所谓的网恋。尽管网恋比较新颖，但仔细分析过后不免有些荒唐。这些年轻人没有意识到他们双方并不彼此了解。据报道，每年都有网友被那些专门通过网络做非法勾当的人欺骗。毋庸置疑，网络给我们提供了各种各样的信息，而网恋只不过是网络这个虚幻世界的产物。一方面，我们应该使网络更好地为我们服务；同时就网恋而言，客观对待、冷静分析才是明智之举。二、论美女经济 Directions: Write an essay with the title of On“Beauty Economy”，and your essay should be based on the following outline : (1)describe briefly the phenomenon of “beauty economy” (2)list positive effect (3)list negative effect You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 背诵范文： The “beauty economy” actually is “the eyeball economy”. The beauties are used to attract the public attention and make a profit. Meanwhile, the beauty contest activity which we are familiar with is regarded as the most gigantic manifestation of beauty economy. In the supporter’s eyes, the beauty economy gains high business profits through plans, organization, propaganda of the beauty contest. The participants can have the qualifications to participate in the competition as honour. The winners make their social status reach a high position. Thereupon, people become enthusiastic about beauty economy. The merchant has been laughing uproariously which hawked. The beautiful woman has the stage which declares a position. However, others don’t agree with it. Firstly, the beauties are treated as “unliving objects” just like the flower vase, and people pay too much attention to the pretty appearance of the beauties, but their internal world is ignored. Secondly, it leads to the distorted beauty culture. Many girls even women worship blindly the beauties and spend a lot of money in face-lifting to emulate them. Then our traditional aesthetic conceptions are totally overturned, and our conventional virtues completely disappear. Last but not the least, the beauty economy misleads the values. Relying on“being beautiful”, pursuing the wealth, they go after like ducks. And it also causes them to be the money worship.

考研英语翻译的基本方法版

考研英语翻译的基本方法版文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

2013年考研英语翻译的基本方法（7月版）在解答考生关于考研英语真题学习中的具体问题时，我们发现，很多考生对英汉翻译所懂甚少。长期以来，一直有考生提问诸如“老师，这句英文中这个短语怎么没有翻译出来？”、“这半句汉语是从那里来的，英语中怎么没有对应语句？”以及“这个句子为什么翻译成汉语时，添加了否定词？”等等的问题。在很多时候，我们只能很笼统的告诉考生：基于英汉文化的差异，在翻译的过程中需要考虑语言模式的差异。在很多时候，英译汉必须按照汉语思维模式以及语境的需要，去增添或者省略一些信息、调整一下语序、转换表达方式。为了让考生更深入地了解英译汉，我们选用一些真题中的句子，来做先关探讨。在此之前，我们先简单地阐述一下翻译的标准和过程。翻译标准在我国近现代，最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言，由于文章的题材大多是有关、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，并且文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑性强，我们很难在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”，即通顺，译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯，这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”，即忠于原文，是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子

是从一篇文章中截取出来的，因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思，那么该句的得分就会很低。因此，翻译不能违背原文本身，这是考研翻译的最基本标准。翻译过程翻译一般分三个阶段：①找核心句；②译核心句；③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句，这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之，考生首先要找出句子的主干，然后再处理其余的细枝末节，如修饰成分等。考试中，考生应该先通读全文，从大处着手，通篇把握文意，然后分析需要翻译的句子，找出主干，理分支，并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。翻译策略 1．直译和意译直译，既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译；意译，不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子的结构，用不同于原文的表达方式，把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中，我们应遵循的方法是：尽量采用直译，不能直译才采用意译，必要时直译与意译相结合。（1）能直译就直译

02-08年考研英语二历年真题及答案

2002 Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET． Since 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union．The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem fanning，such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting grounds． The“green”methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annually．This is about 4 percent of the budget for“Common Agricultural Policy,”and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years． Various forms of“green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals． Part V Writing(30 minutes，15 points) Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title“What I Consider Important in Life”．Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below． 1．人生有不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福的家庭等… 2．其中我认为重要的是…；理由是… 3．结论… 2003 Paper Two Part V Translation (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job. Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?” Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kong’s youth, how ever, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Day－at the University of Hong Kong. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take-but tries to answer the question why. Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troubles－as well as pleases－today’s high-school students. Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part. Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

2016年考研英语大作文真题

2016.P175强化，书P229 这幅饼状图清楚的揭示了某高校大学生旅游的目的。如图标所示，37%的大学生为了欣赏风景而旅游，接下来是为了缓解压力的目的，占了33%。相反，为了其他、广交朋友和培养独立自主能力旅游的大学生百分比分别为15%、9%和6%。一些主要原因可以解释这个现象。首先，旅游能丰富我们的人生经历。在旅途中，我们可以同游客一起赞叹尼亚加拉大瀑布雷霆万钧的气势，和喜洋洋的人群一起穿过巴黎的林荫道，还可以体验不同时代、不同国土人民的喜怒哀乐。其次，大学生不得不应对学习，恋爱和繁忙的社交日程，很容易感受到压力。通过旅游，他们可以成功的应对并缓解压力。考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以预计：随着校园生活节奏的加快和大学生日益增大的压力，；旅游的大学生数量在未来几年将持续增加。 The pie chart clearly illustrates the purpose of students’ touring in a certain university. As is reflected by the diagram,37% of college students travel in a bid to appreciate the scenery, next comes the aim of relieving pressure, accounting for 33%.By contrast, the percentage of students travelling aiming at other ,making friends and cultivating

考研英语核心词汇(整理版)

displacement n. dramatic adj. eventually adv. exhibit vt.展出, exploitation n. 广告fluctuations n.波动highlighted adj. implicit adj. 的, 绝对的induced vt.劝诱, inevitably adv. infrastructure n. inspection n.检查, intensity n.强烈, manipulation n. offset n.抵销, vi.偏移, paragraph n.(文章) plus prep.加上adj. practitioners n. predominantly 有影响的prospect n.景色, radical adj.根本的random n.随意, 胡乱地reinforce vt.加强, 固n.加固物restore vt.恢复, revision n.修订, schedule n.时间表tension n.紧张( 使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此, uniform adj. 样, 使穿制服vehicle n. via prep.经, 通过, virtually adv. widespread adj. visual adj.看的, accommodation n.铺位, (眼睛等的) analogous adj. anticipate vt.预期 vt.显得大, 显,设备；【计】安装 ,(票据等)到期的 , 开导, 形成河能充分理解的, 包 , 支配 , 【化】实铁道车辆, 才能

考研英语二历年真题及答案

考研英语必备10篇作文

1.社会热点类：两代关系：2003 年真题 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. The set of drawings above vividly depict the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is growing in full bloom in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals scattered on the ground. 上述这组图生动描述了一朵鲜花在不同环境中的命运。如第一幅漫画所示，这朵鲜花正在舒适的温室里充分绽放，温室保护它免于可怕的闪电和风雨。相反，当被搬出温室并暴露在风雨之下时，鲜花很快就凋谢枯萎了，花瓣散落一地。

2012年考研英语第四篇阅读重要词汇整理

2012年考研英语第四篇阅读重要词汇整理这是一篇关于某些西方国家中存在的社团和政府组成人员关系的政治性文章，文章总体难度不大，其中的超纲单词也不是很多，这篇文章主要是为大家介绍20个高频重点单词，希望大家在学习中，认真复习和准备相应的词汇。 1. 25unionist ['ju?n??n?st] n. 公会成员，联盟成员【词根记忆】：uni(一)+ on(名词后缀)+ ist(表示人的名词后缀)→同一个机构里的人→公会成员，联盟成员【真题例句】：If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.如果贸易公会成员Jimmy Hoffa今天依然在世的话，他可能能够代表公务员成员。(2012年阅读Text 4) 2. 14represent [,r?pr?'z?nt] vt. 1. 作为的代表(或代理) 2. 表示，象征3. 描绘，表现【词根记忆】：re(= again)+present (感觉)→另一种感觉，代表别人感觉→代表，象征【短语搭配】：knowledge representation知识表示;知识表达 symbolic representation符号表示;符号表征;符号性表象【真题例句】：Now, 90 years after the first concession of equal status in our democracy, women are still under represented and, often, under represented in Canadian politics. 现在，在我们民主国家的平等地位获得认可的90年之后，女性在加拿大政界还没有足够的代表权或者说完全没有代表权。(2007年Text 4) 3. 5associate [?'so??et] vt. 联想;交往;联合;n. 伙伴;a. 联合的【词根记忆】：as (to)+ soci (伙伴的)+ ate (动词后缀)→使成为伙伴→伙伴，联想【短语搭配】：associate professor副教授 associate with v. 联合;与…联系在一起;和…来往【真题例句】：Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. 英国劳动党，正如其名字暗示的那样，已经和贸易联盟联合已久。(2012年阅读Text 4) 4. 42position [p?'z???n] n. 1. 位置，方位2. 地位，职位，职务3. 姿势，姿态4. 见解，立场vt. 安放，放置，安置【词根记忆】：pose(放置)+tion(名词后缀)→放置得找到正确的位置→放置【短语搭配】：in position of 管理，负责【真题例句】：Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.其现任领导Ed Miliband从公共工会那得到的投票使他赢得了自己的职位。(2012年

考研英语励志名言

考研英语励志名言人生就像掌纹，虽然弯弯曲曲，但却永远掌握在自己手中。下面由小编与大家分享考研励志英语名言，希望能够帮助你们! 考研英语励志名言 1、成人比成才重要，会学比学会重要，进步比领先重要。 Adult is more important than success. Learning is more important than learning. Progress is more important than leading. 2、微笑拥抱每一天，做像向日葵般温暖的女子。 Smile and embrace each day and make a woman as warm as sunflower. 3、与其用泪水悔恨今天，不如用汗水拼搏今天。 Instead of remorsing with tears, it is better to fight today with sweat. 4、只有梦想，而不付出艰辛的努力是不会有任何成就的。 Only dream, without hard work, will not achieve anything. 5、相信自己，什么都有可能! Believe in yourself, anything is possible! 6、有多大的思想，才有多大的能量。 How much energy is there in the mind? 7、你必须成功，因为你不能失败。 You have to succeed because you can't fail. 8、不到最后时刻，永远不要放弃;不到最后胜利，永远不要掉以轻心。 Never give up until the last moment; never take it lightly. 9、流过泪的眼睛更明亮，滴过血的心灵更坚强! Tears in the eyes are brighter, and blood dripping is stronger. 10、要想走出平凡，就要先走入孤独。 If you want to get out of the ordinary, you must go to loneliness. 11、这是我一直追寻的目标。 This is the goal I have been pursuing.

考研英语核心词汇(整理版)

displacement n. 移置 , 转移 , 取代 , 置换 , 位移 , 排水量dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 , 生动的 eventually adv. 最后 , 终于 exhibit vt. 展出 , 陈列 n.展览品 , 陈列品 , 展品 v.展示exploitation n.开发 , 开采 , 剥削 , 自私的利用 , 宣传 , 广告 fluctuations n. 波动 , 起伏 highlighted adj. 突出的 implicit adj.暗示的 , 盲从的 , 含蓄的 , 固有的 , 不怀疑的, 绝对的 induced vt. 劝诱 , 促使 , 导致 , 引起 , 感应 inevitably adv. 不可避免 infrastructure n. 下部构造 , 基础下部组织 inspection n. 检查 , 视察 intensity n. 强烈 , 剧烈 , 强度 ,亮度 manipulation n. 处理 , 操作 , 操纵 offset n.抵销 , 弥补 , 分支 , vt.弥补 , 抵销 , 用平版印刷 vi.偏移 , 形成分支 paragraph n.(文章 )段 , 节 , 段落 plus prep.加上 adj.正的 , 加的 practitioners n. 从业者 , 开业者 predominantly adv.卓越的 , 支配的 , 主要的 , 突出的 , 有影响的 prospect n.景色 , 前景 , 前途 , 期望 vi. 寻找 , 勘探 radical adj. 根本的 , 基本的 , 激进的 n.激进分子 random n.随意 , 任意 adj.任意的 , 随便的 , 胡乱的adv.胡乱地 reinforce vt. 加强 , 增援 , 补充 , 增加 ...的数量 , 修补 , 加固n.加固物 restore vt.恢复 , 使回复 , 归还 , 交还 , 修复 , 重建 revision n. 修订 , 修改 , 修正 , 修订本 schedule n.时间表 , 进度表 v.确定时间 tension n. 紧张 (状态 ), 不安 , 拉紧 , 压力 , 张力 , vt. 拉紧 , 使紧张 termination n. 终止 thereby adv.因此 , 从而 , 在那方面 , 在那附近 uniform adj. 统一的 , 相同的 , 一致的 ,；n.制服 vt.使成一样 , 使穿制服 vehicle n. 交通工具 , 车辆 , 媒介物 , 传达手段 via prep.经 , 通过 , 经由 virtually adv. 事实上 , 实质上 widespread adj. 分布广泛的 , 普遍的 visual adj. 看的 , 视觉的 , 形象的 , 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处 , 膳宿 , (车 , 船 , 飞机等的 )预定铺位 , (眼睛等的 )适应性调节 analogous adj.类似的 , 相似的 , 可比拟的 anticipate vt. 预期 , 期望 , 过早使用 , 先人一着 , 占先 v. 预订 , 预见 , 可以预料 assurance n.确信 , 断言 , 保证 , 担保attain vt. 达到 , 获得 v.达到 behalf n.为 , 利益 bulk n.大小 , 体积 , 大批 , 大多数 , 散装 vt.显得大 , 显得重要 ceases v停.止 , 终了 ,n.停止 coherence n.一致 coincide vi. 一致 , 符合 commence v.开始，着手 concurrent n 同时发生的事件 adj.并发的，协作的，一致的 confined adj. 被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的 controversy n. 论战 ,争论 ,辩论 conversely adv.倒的 ,逆的 device n. 装置 ,设计 ,图案 ,策略 ,发明物 ,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序 devote v.投身于 ,献身于 diminish v.( 使 )减少 ,( 使)变小 distorted adj. 扭曲的 ,受到曲解的 duration n. 持续时间 ,为期 erosion n. 腐蚀 ,浸蚀 ethical adj. 与伦理有关的 ,民族的 ,民族特有的 founded v.建立 ,创立 inherent adj.固有的 ,内在的 ,与生俱来的 insight n. 洞察力 ,见识 integral adj. 完整的 ,整体的 ,【数学】积分的 mature adj. 成熟的 ,到期的 ,充分考虑的 ,(票据等 )到期的 vt.使成熟vi. 成熟 ,到期 mediation n.仲裁 ,调解 ,调停 advocate n.提倡者 , 鼓吹者 vt.提倡 , 鼓吹 channel n.海峡 , 水道 , 沟 , 路线 vt.引导 , 开导 , 形成河道；信道 ,频道 classical adj.古典的 , 正统派的 , 古典文学的 comprehensive adj. 全面的 , 广泛的 , 能充分理解的 , 包容的 comprise v.包含 , 由 ...组成 confirmed adj. 证实的 , 惯常的 , 慢性的 contrary adj.相反的 , 逆的 , decades n十.年 , 十 definite adj. 明确的 , 一定的 deny v.否认 , 拒绝 differentiation n. 区别 disposal n.处理 , 处置 , 布置 , 安排 , 配置 , 支配 empirical adj. 完全根据经验的 , 经验主义的 , 【化】实验式 equipment n.装备 , 设备 , 器材 , 装置 , 铁道车辆 , 才能extract n.精 , 汁 , 榨出物 , 摘录 , 选粹 vt.拔出 , 榨取 , 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取 foundation n.基础 , 根本 , 建立 , 创立 , 地基 , 基金 , 基金会

考研英语翻译常用八大技巧

考研英语翻译常用八大技巧 1.重译法(Repetition) 在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。重译法有如下三大作用：一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。 We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 译文：___________________________________________________ 2.增译法(Amplification) 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须增加一些词语。 A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention. 译文：_______________________________________________ 3.减译法(Omission) 和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。理解了增译法之后也就明白了减译法，它是增译法的反面。 These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 译文：___________________________________________________ 4.词类转译法(Conversion)

考研2020英语二历年真题-完美打印版

2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, t he nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.docsj.com/doc/3c11139088.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.docsj.com/doc/3c11139088.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.docsj.com/doc/3c11139088.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over 7． A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.docsj.com/doc/3c11139088.html,pared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving https://www.docsj.com/doc/3c11139088.html,peting 14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience

英语考研

考研英语作文范文八篇

考研英语翻译的基本方法版

02-08年考研英语二历年真题及答案

2016年考研英语大作文真题

考研英语核心词汇(整理版)

考研英语二历年真题及答案

考研英语必备10篇作文

2012年考研英语第四篇阅读重要词汇整理

最新全国考研英语二准备用书推荐打印版.doc

考研英语励志名言

考研英语核心词汇(整理版)

考研英语翻译常用八大技巧

考研2020英语二历年真题-完美打印版