考博英语模拟试题及答案解析

考博英语模拟试题

Part I Cloze (0. 5 x 20 = 10%)

Directions:In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

The most famous painter in Victoria's history is Emily Carr. When she was a child，she discoveredthatwalking in the woods 1 more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in 2 the streets of old Victoria than playing at home with 3 and spending her time making up.

Emily was a cute little girl who spent 4 of her childhood in Beacon HillPark 5 was very close to her home. Drawing 6 her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even 7 a monkey. She was 8 interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw inVictoria's Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so 9 from her own.

As she became a young, strong and 10 woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to11 and draw what she saw. She loved the free and simple 12 of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on 13 with two other women to 14 the wilderness along the Cowichan Riverthat runs through Duncan, 15 north of Victoria.

She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than 16 other Europeanwoman.Whenyou look at her paintingsyou can sense the 17 of these darkmysterious forests. Her paintingsare nowvery famous and, 18 the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they19the beauty andmystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independentwoman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only 20

1. A. attracted B. appealed C. allured D. induced

2. A. dashing B. strolling C. jogging D. roaming

3. A. friends B. mates C. dolls D. parents

4. A. much B. lots C. more D. many

5. A. where B. which C. since D. it

6. A. fascinated B. bewildered C. captured D. indulged

7. A. fed B. domesticated C. trained D. confined

8. A.particularly B.almost C. constantly D. intrinsically

9. A. diverse B.various C. distinct D.outstanding

10. A. special B. independent C. lonely D. unaided

11. A. paint B. record C. describe D. take

12. A. society B. work C. lifestyle D. pace

13. A. an adventure B. an exploitation C. a tour D. an expedition

14. A. check B. explore C. examine D. search

15. A. only B. just C. much D. in

16. A. any B. some C. certain D. none

17. A. mood B. tone C. taste D. atmosphere

I8. A. if B. otherwise C. though D. but

19. A. evoke B. arouse C. remind D. raise

20. A.enemies B. foods C. companions D. friends

Ⅱ. Reading comprehension (20 x 2 = 40% )

Directions:There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions,you are to choosethe best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

Passage One

Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States asthe maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion ayear industry,but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and amore affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast foodinclude price-cutting by industry leaders,including efforts by McDonald's to attract customers with a 55 centhamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. O'Pepsico, for example,is selling its fast-food restaurantdivision that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC.

"It's becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow," said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. "I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation (饱和) point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets."

Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 percent in 1996 according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from (大不相同于) the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearlydouble the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.

"Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today," said Michael Sansolo, senior vicepresident of the Supermarket Trade Group. "They are pressed for time. Money is still an issue.-, but theirtastes are increasingly diverse -- whether it's gourmet foods,ethnic foods or organic offerings."

Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-boom population -- and the growth in the number of so-called "empty nesters" with grown children -- has meant a surge in the number of people willing to spend more for upscale items. This generation "will have the luxury of being more discriminating" as their children leavehome, notes Harry Balzer, vice president of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next 10 years, leaving them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. "Fast and cheap will still be driving factors.., but our definitions of fast andcheap may be changing."

Various reports suggest industry leader McDonald's is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the number of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who don't want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its 12,000 US restaurant chain lastOctober amid a slump in US market share.

21. What does the passage mainly tell about?

A. Fast food disappoints consumers.

B. People prefer less expensive food.

C. McDonald's dominates the market of fast food.

D. Fast food is losing its attraction.

22. What can we learn from the passage?

A. O'Pepsico goes bankrupt.

B. The number of supermarkets doubles.

C. Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the development of fast food.

D. McDonald's survives from the competition with retail food stores.

23. What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?

A. They seek a variety of food.

B. They have come of age.

C. They will spend more money on food.

D. They tend to have luxurious food.

24. Which of the following is not mentioned as an influence on people's choices of food?

A. Speed and price of the food.

B. Diversity of the food.

C. Tastes of the consumers.

D. Age of the consumers.

25. What brings trouble to fast food industry?

A. Customers' demand and competition with retailers.

B. The aging baby-boomer and diversity of food.

C. Competition with retailers and diversity of food.

D. Customers' demand and the aging of baby-boomer.

Passage Two

Parents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents' legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies knowhow to get their parents' attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.

Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. "It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying," said Joseph Soltis,a bioacoustics expert at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution ofcrying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, andstudies with mice,beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of cryingin humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you mightexpect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.

Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totallyunreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculatedthat these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also showtheir parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies' distress calls, since most turn out to befalse alarms.

"Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries," said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. "But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical.Soinfants start cryingless. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses."

Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. "Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is

happening to them, butwhen you pick them up, they stop," Bard said. "I've never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months oflife be inconsolable."

Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of humanbabies. "All primate infants cry." Maestripieri said. "It'sa very conserved behavior. It's not something humans have evolved on their own."

26. What can be the most probable title of this passage?

A. Parents Bothered by Babies' Cry

B. Infants Crying for Parents' Attention

C. Clues from Animals on Why Babies Cry

D. False Cry

27. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?

A. Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.

B. The difference in the amount of children's cry is somewhat due to genes.

C. Babies have a violent reaction to the mother's ignorance.

D. Chimpanzees' annoyance can hardly be alleviated.

28. What is implied in Paragraph 4?

A. Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers' attention.

B. Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their health and strength.

C. Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.

D. Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.

29. How do the parents respond to babies' cry?

A. They come to doubt it.

B. They take it seriously.

C. They are indifferent to it.

D. They are weary of it.

30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies' cry?

A. Discomfort.

B. Hungry.

C. Consolation.

D. Thirsty.

Passage Three

Whenever I hear a weather report declaring it's the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can't take ittoo seriously, because "ever" really means "as long as the records go back", which is only as far as the late1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though -- not for individual dates,but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks incorals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings ofglaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.

And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the NationalResearch Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. That's a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural upand down of average temperatures -- a frequent assertion of the global -- warming-doubters crowd.

The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist MichaelMann, of the University of Virginia (he's the creator of the "hockey stick" graph A1 Gore used in "An Inconvenient Truth" to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years -- that led Congress to order up an assessment by theprestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was -- so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim thattoday's temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundredyears. And if there's any

doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometerswere in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.

In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from "it isn't happening" to "it's happening, but it's natural", to "it's mostly natural" --\and now,it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the NewYork Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it didnothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science -- a controversy that opponentskeep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however,is a much less settled question.

31. What does this passage mainly deal with?

A. The tendency of earth's becoming hotter.

B. The assessment of earth's temperature.

C. The menace of global warming.

D.The measurement of tackling global warming.

32. What is "proxy measurement" in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?

A. Studying the characteristics of glaciers.

B. Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.

C. Taking advantage of previous pictures.

D. Using clues left from the past.

33. What does the report from NRC indicate?

A. The earth will become warmer.

B. It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann's assertion.

C. The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.

D. The proxy measurements are reliable.

34. Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?

A. The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann's claim.

B. Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.

C. Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.

D. The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.

35. What is the author's attitude towards global warming theory?

A. Negative.

B. Indifferent.

C. Favorable.

D. Neutral.

Passage Four

A proposed Russian ban on European Union meat exports could jeopardize Russia's aspirations to jointhe World Trade Organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. Hewarned that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russia's trade tactics and could moveto block its WTO bid.

He emphasized that the European Union supported Russia's WTO accession in principle and that he didnot want to link the Russian meat ban to Russia's WTO prospects ,though EU states could do so. in order tojoin the organization,Russia must reach agreement with each of the 149 WTO members.

"Issues like this will affect the attitude of member states toward signing off on accession," Mandelsonsaid. "This is not the only trade irritant between us and Russia -- there are at least half a dozen -- and thislatest ban is bound to affect the attitude of member states," toward Russia's aim of joining the WTO. "Wecan't have so many of these trade irritants hanging over us."

Mandelson said he would work to get Russia to back off from its current plans to ban all

EUanimalproducts as of Jan. 1, which would affect C = $ 1.7 billion, or $ 2. 2 billion, in exports to Russia

Moscow has justified the ban on the grounds that Bulgaria and Romania, which will join the EuropeanUnion on that day, do not have adequate food safety measures.But Mandelson warned that if Moscow refused to back down, it could sour overall trade relations withthe European Union, which is already concerned about fair access to Moscow's energy resources. "Russia isacting in a disproportionate way," he said.President Vladimir Putin has made WTO membership one of his key economic objectives. He is keen toimprove access to world markets for Russian exports and to provide a lift to the country's neglected aghculrural sector. European resistance would add to reservations by trade negotiators in Washington who want Russia to make more progress on reducing tariffs on U. S. meat imports and protecting intellectual property before joining the world trade body.

Trade disputes cast a shadow over the summit meeting, which was supposed to mark the start of talks ona partnership agreement between the European Union and Russia covering energy, trade and human rights. ButPoland -- in a separate dispute with Moscow over a Russian ban on Polish farm exports -- used its veto tostop the talks on Friday.

Putin defended the Russian ban after earlier complaining that the European Commission had failed toconsult him before agreeing to admit Bulgaria and Romania, whose food safety practices he called into question.

EU officials said privately that Putin's stance suggested he was suffering from a Cold War hangover because the former Soviet satellites will soon become EU members.

36. What is the theme of this passage?

A. Russia conflicts with EU members in meat trade.

B. Russia may risk WTO entry with EU meat ban.

C. Russia prepares to enter WTO.

D. Russia complains about food security of Bulgaria and Romania.

37. Which statement is NOT true about EU?

A. EU has not signed partnership agreement with Russia.

B. EU is disappointed with at Russia's trade strategy.

C. EU wants Russia to cut down on tariffs on its meat imports.

D. EU may connect the trade conflict with Russia's entry into WTO.

38. Which word has the similar meaning to "imtant" in Paragraph 3?

A. disagreement

B. misunderstanding

C. annoyance

D.interference

39. What can be implied from the last paragraph?

A. Russia will soon suffer from isolation.

B. Russia will soon lose its satellites.

C. Former Soviet satellites resist Russia's entering WTO.

D. Some EU officials understand Russia's position.

40. What is the author's attitude towards Russia?

A. Suggestive.

B. Prejudicial.

C. Sympathetic.

D. Objective.

Part UI Translation (30%)

Section A : FromChinese into English (15%)

每个人心中都该有个志向，否则他的经历就会被浪费掉。每个青年人都力求成为一个有成就的人物。一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心于求得全力与名望也是不对的。

一个青年人希望做个有成就者，结果常常会实现。狄斯拉里*（Disraeli）的故事是个例证。狄斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望成为一个学者及演说家。他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时时完全失败的，不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈不挠的精神致力于这个项目的实现。他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但他坚持目标不舍，最后终于成功，成为英国曾经产生的最有丰富知识的学者与最雄辩的演说家之一。这个故事并不是引来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之者才是有成就的人物。除了做学者或演说家之外，还有很多同样高尚于可敬的事业，它只是用来说明一个青年人须志向高远，因为“宁可至高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达不到”。

Section B From English into Chinese (15%)

The International Committee of the Red Cross says it will need nearly $ 650 million to help victims ofarmed conflict and violence next year. The Geneva-based ICRC runs humanitarian operations in some 80countries.

1. The International Committee of the Red Cross has operations in just about every trouble spot in theworld, including Afghanistan and the Palestinian territories.

2. However, it says it will have to expand its operations even more next year because of the deteriorating situations in those countries.

The director of ICRC Operations, Pierre Krahenbuhl, says his agency has been running regional operations for West Africa out of Ivory Coast for years and, there fore, is in a good position to expand its programsthere.

Mr. Krahenbuhl says the Red Cross has been carrying out assistance and medical projects, as well as visiting prisoners held by the government and the rebels.

3. The Red Cross says Afghanistan remains its largest and costliest operation. However, is adds that ithas cut more than $ 40 million off year's budget due to the improved situation in that country. Cuts also havebeen made in programs for Sri Lanka, Sierra Leone and Yugoslavia.

IV. Writing (20 %)

In this part, you are asked to write an essay according to the outline given. You composition should beabout 200 words. Remember to write clearly and logically.

After writing, please check your composition in terms of the following writing basics: unity, support,coherence, and error-fme sentences.

Significance of Education on TV

(1)电视教育为许多了提供了受教育的机会。

(2)电视教育起的作用。

(3)政府应采取的措施。

参考答案与解析

1．B 本题考核的知识点是：动词搭配和辨析。本句考查的是appeal sth．to sb．这个结构，表示什么东西对某人有吸引力。下面四个词都有吸引的意思。attract为及物动词，表达方式为：sth./sb．attract sb. 如：Flowers attract many bees．鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。appeal 表示“吸引，引起兴趣”时的用法为：sth．／sb．appeal to sb.，如：She appeals to me．我对她感兴趣。allure强调“引诱，诱惑”，表达方式为：sth．allure sb. ，如：They allured her into a snare．他们诱她落人圈套。induce意为“引诱，促使”，表达方式为：sth．／sb．induce sb，如：Too much food induces sleepiness．吃得过饱会产生睡意。另外一个线索就是，more than结构，前后是“对应成分”。如果误选了A或其他选项，就是中了“中文代人”的出题

技巧。根据语义和搭配，B符合题意。

2．D 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。dash意为“飞跑，猛冲”；stroll意为“闲逛，溜达”，多指逛街或公园等地方，有一定的目的性；jog意为“慢跑”，是一种锻炼方式；roam 多指“无目的地漫游”，含自由、快乐之意，后面可直接跟地点，如：roam the woods，在森林里漫步。根据题意，Emily是一个喜欢自由自在在户外玩的小孩子，因此D为最佳答案。另外一个线索就是，more than结构，前后是“对应成分”。

3．C 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。作为一个儿童，在家里她应该是玩玩具，dolls 为最佳答案。而A和B是“绝对同义选项”，都必然是错误的答案。

4．A 本题考核的知识点是：代词辨析。根据文章，她童年的大多数时光是在灯塔山公园度过的，修饰childhood应该使用much。

5．B 本题考核的知识点是：关系词辨析。此处为非限制定语从句，选关系代词which。

6．A 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。fascinate意为“使着迷，吸引”，如：The city fascinates him．这座城市吸引了他。bewilder意为“使迷惑，使糊涂”，如：I was bewildered by the maze of streets In the city．我被市里错综复杂的街道弄糊涂了。capture意为“俘获，赢得”，如：The criminal was captured．罪犯被捕获。indulge意为“放纵，迁就”，常与in 连用，表示“喜欢，沉迷”，如：indulge in tobacco．吸烟无度。根据题意，绘画对Emily很有吸引力，A为答案。

7．B 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。根据文章，Emily喜欢动物，并养了许多宠物，只有domesticated能够确切表达“驯养(动物)”的含义，因此B为答案。如果误选了A或其他选项，就是中了“中文代入”的出题技巧。

8．A 本题考核的知识点是：副词辨析。particularly意为“尤其，特别”，表达程度；almost意为“几乎，差不多”；constantly意为“总是”；intrinsically意为“本质地，固有地”。此处用particularly修饰interested，表示“对……特别感兴趣”，因此A为最佳答案。

9.C 本题考核的知识点是：形容词搭配和辨析。能够与from构成搭配，A is…from B．表示“截然不同”的只有distinct，因此C为答案。

10．B 本题考核的知识点是：形容词辨析。根据上下文可知，Emily热爱自然，并经常独自远途旅行作画。整篇文章对她是一种赞扬的语调。lonely(孤独的)、unaided(没有帮手的，无人帮助的)和special(特别的)都与全文的语调不符，independent(独立的)最符合对Emily 的描述，而且在下文中重现，因此B为最佳答案。

11．A 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。根据文章，Emily是个画家，她记录所见所闻的方式是画画，因此A为答案。

12．C 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。根据题意，“自由自在”和“简单”常用来描述人的生活方式，somety，work和pace均不合适，因此C为最佳答案。

13．D 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。adventure意为“冒险”，强调危险性很大；exploitation意为“：开发，剥削”；tour意为“一般意义上的旅行”；expedition意为“远征，探险”，带有一定的目的性。根据文章，Emily与同伴的行程是寻找旷野，因此D为最佳答案。

14．B 本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。check检查，制止，核对；explore探险，探测，探究；examine检查，调查，考试；search搜索，搜寻，探求。explore符合题意。

15．B 本题考核的知识点是：副词辨析。此处用just来修饰方位，意为“就在维多利亚之北”。

16．A 本题考核的知识点是：限定词辨析。any和other构成搭配，后面可以跟名词单数，因此A为最佳答案。

17．D 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。mood意为“情绪，气氛”；tone强调“音调，

色调”；taste强调“品位，鉴赏力”；atmosphere强调“艺术品的基调和风格”。文章中，对画中阴森森和神秘的森林的感受，也就是对整幅画的基调和风格进行体味，因此D为答案。

18．C 本题考核的知识点是：语篇连贯。根据语篇，该句和下一句之间构成让步关系，though为最佳答案。

19．A 本题考核的知识点是：动词搭配和辨析。evoke意为“唤起、引起某种情绪、兴趣或记忆”。arouse意为“唤起(情绪)”，如：arouse suspicion引起猜疑，arouse enthusiasm 激起积极性。remind 与of 连用构成固定搭配，remind sb of sth. 意为“使想起，使记起”。raise意为“引起，造成”，如：The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical questions．用动物做科学试验引起了一些棘手的道德问题。本文中，Emily的画使人们想起森林的美丽和神秘，因此A为答案。

20．C 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。根据语篇，该句和上一句之间的关系；companions为最佳答案。

21．D 本题问“主旨”，短文的第一段就介绍了文章的主要内容。“Past food，a mmnstay of American eating for decades，may have reached a plateau in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu．Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry，but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more，analysts say．”短文起始两句说到了随着生育高峰期的那代父母开始寻求更加丰盛的食谱，快餐业趋于饱和。尽管快餐业每年仍能收益颇丰，但近年来随着食品零售业的发展，以及越来越多的人愿意尝试新东西，愿意花费更多钱，快餐业的发展实际呈下滑趋势。因此D“快餐正在失去吸引力”正确。

22．C 本题问“从短文中可以了解到什么”。短文第二段中提到Jim Brown的观点“‘It's becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow，’said Jim Brown，a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University ‘I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets．”’他认为这些公司的发展很困难，美国的快餐业已经达到饱和状态。也就是说他对快餐业并不看好。因此C“Jim Brown 对美国快餐业持不乐观的态度”正确。

23．D 本题考查“关于生育高峰期那代人的细节，问哪一项不正确”。短文在第五段中提到“This generation‘will have the luxury of being more discriminating’as thek children leave home，notes Harry Baker，vice president of the Chicage-based NPD consulting group．”也就是说孩子们都已长大，这给他们的父母提供了难得的机会，可以随心挑选食品。通过上下文可知，这里的luxury指机会难得，并不是说这些父母都倾向于吃奢侈的食物，因而D错误。

24．D 本题问“哪项不是影响人们选择食物的因素”。文章第四段提到“They are pressed for time．Moneyis still an issue．．．but their tastes are increasingly diverse——whether it's gourmet foods，ethnic foods or organic offerings．”说人们的时间观念很重，会考虑钱以及不同的口味。第五段也指出“Fast and cheap will still be driving factors…”说明快速和便宜将是驱动的因素。可以看出，食物的速度、价格、多样化以及消费者的口味都是影响人们选择就餐的因素。文中虽然提到生育高峰期的那代人年龄，却只是说明他们上了年纪对家庭结构和生活情况的影响，并没有谈到上了年纪对选择食物的直接影响。因而D“消费者的年龄”正确。

25．A 本题问“给快餐业带来麻烦的原因”。短文第一段中提到“……but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new thins and spend more，analysts say．”也就是说与零售食品店的竞争以及越来越多的人们愿意尝试新食物，愿意在食物上花更多的钱，使得快餐业的增长缓慢。

第四段中也提到“‘Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today，’……”说的是顾客的需求比以往更多了。因而A“顾客的需求以及与零售商的竞争”是正确的。

26．C 本题问“短文最可能的标题是哪项”，属主旨题。短文的第一段和最后一段分别都点明了主题。在第一段中提到“Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing，squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer．”第二段接着说“Someday，that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies．‘It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying，’…”也就是说科学家试图找出动物为什么嗷叫的原因，而这个问题的解决可能会揭示出婴儿啼哭的原因。最后一段中作者又提到“…these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies．‘All primate infants cry．’Maestripieri said．‘It's a very conserved behavior. lt's not something humans have evolved on their own．’”即科学家，认为自然界的进化可能也导致了婴儿的啼哭，哭这种现象并不是人类独立形成的。因此，这篇文章最贴切的题目应该是：“动物身上找到对人类婴儿啼哭的提示”，故c正确。

27．B 本题是细节题，问“根据短文哪项正确”。短文在第三段中提到“Young animals vary in how much they cry，squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents，and studies with mice，beeries and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes．”此句说的是动物的幼崽嗷叫的量不尽相同，研究表明差异部分是基于基因的。因此，B“孩子的嗷叫量有所不同，部分由基因引起的”正确。

28．A 本题属推理题，问“第四段暗含了什么意思”。作者在本段提到“Before long．however，this sort of deception may be ruinous．If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable，parents would no longer benefit from paying attention．Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selecnon should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements．”也就是说当父母发现一些嗷叫有欺骗性时，后果很惨。当父母意识到孩子在发假信号时，他们就不再关注这些信号了。有的进化生物学家认为自然选择可能因此会有利于那些发出真实信号的孩子。在这段的最后一句，作者还提到“The mothers，in response，begin to ignore most of their babies’distress calls，since most turn out to be false alarms．”即母亲开始忽略大部分孩子的嚎叫，既然它们绝大多数是假叫，可以从中推出，母亲会关注那些发真实信号的孩子。因此，A“发真实信号的孩子可能会最终赢得母亲的关注”正确。

29．A 本题属细节题，问“父母对孩子嗷叫的反应”。短文的第五段详细说明了父母的反应：…Initially，mothers respond any time an infant cries，’…‘But as the cries increase，they respond less and less．They become more skeptical．So infants start crying less．So they go through these cycles，adjusting their responses．”’这段话的意思是，起初的时候，孩子只要嗷叫，妈妈就有求必应，但随着叫声的不断增加，妈妈的回应也越来越少。因为妈妈们开始怀疑孩子的嗷叫有无理取闹之嫌。妈妈不搭理，孩子的嗷叫也随之变少。做妈妈的都要经历这个阶段，不断调整她们对孩子嗷叫的回应。也就是说，他们开始不太相信了。因此A“他们变得怀疑起来”正确。

30．D 本题属细节题，问“以下关于孩子啼哭或嗷叫的原因中，哪项是短文没有提及的”。前三项短文均有涉及，只是未提到D“口渴是婴儿啼哭或嗷叫的原因”正确。

31．A 本题属主旨题，问“短文的主要内容是什么”。第二段中作者提到“…it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years．”，即过去十几年达到了近四百年的最高温度。第三段中也说到“Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable，but not overwhelmingly supported by the data．But the past 400 was so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that today's temperatures are unnaturally warn，…”，即数据不能充分说明地球的气温在过去一千年内一直上升，但能证明过去四百

年中地球温度不合自然规律地在变暖。因此，短文的主题为A“地球变暖的趋势”正确。

32．D 本题考查通过上下文猜词意的能力，问“第一段中的‘proxy measurement’指的是什么”。通过前半句“Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that，though—not for individual dates，but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements．．．”，可知科学家虽不能测出地球历史上每一天的准确温度，但能够通过“某种测量方式”推测出它的年平均温度，由此我们可以猜到这种方式是一种间接测量，以获得一个均值。后半句以及接下来的一句解释了这究竟是一种怎样的间接测量方式：“…／as growth marks in corals，deposits in ocean and lake sediments，and cores drilled into glacial ice．They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today．”，即测量珊瑚的生长标记，海洋的沉淀物，湖泊沉积物，冰川核，还可以对比冰川几百年前和现在的形状图。也就是说通过测量地球在过去遗留下来的东西，来获得地球温度的间接数据。因此，D“利用以前留下的线索”正确。

33．B 本题属细节题，问“国家研究委员会的那份报告说明了什么”。短文在第三段中提到“Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable，but not overwhelmingly supported by the data．”，说的是国家研究委员会对Mann的研究进行了评估，认为Mann的说法有道理，但他的数据也不能完全证明这一说法的可靠性。．也就是说，国家研究委员会对Mann的研究既有赞同部分，又怀疑其对一千年界定的准确性。因此，B“国家研究委员会对Mann的研究有所怀疑正确。

34．D 本题属细节题，问“关于全球变暖的争论，以下哪项不正确”。短文在第四段中提到“…it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science——a controversy that opponents keep insisting is a live．”，也就是说，国家研究委员会的这项新报告并没有支持在全球变暖这一问题中争执的任一方，而这一争论还将继续下去。因此，“认为全球变暖怀疑论者以失败告终”是不正确的，故．D正确。

35．C 本题问作者对全球变暖理论的态度。短文的第四段提到“…the argument against it has gone from‘it isn't happening’to‘it's happening，but it's natural，’to‘it's mostly natural’—and now，it seems that assertion too is going to have to drop away．”此句为作者对全球变暖怀疑论的评价：全球变暖怀疑论者从一开始认为“全球变暖不可能发生”，到认为“全球变暖正在发生，但它仍属自然现象”，到后来再认为它“可能是自然现象”，作者指出认为全球变暖“可能是自然现象”，这一说法还将发生改变，也就意味着怀疑论者可能最终还是会相信全球变暖是人为因素造成的这一事实。这也就暗示了作者是全球变暖理论的支持者，认为全球变暖不是自然现象。因此C“支持”为正确选项。

36．B 本题问“文章主旨”，短文中第一段第一句即为主题。本题考察对全文大意的把握以及对ieopardize的理解。答案B中risk与jeopardize意思相近，概述了短文大意，即俄罗斯与欧盟的贸易纠纷对俄人世有影响，故B“俄罗斯禁售欧洲肉类可能对其人世有影响”正确。其他三项均概述不全面。

37．C 此题考查“短文中关于欧盟的细节，问以下哪一项不对”。第七段中提到“European resistance would add to reservations by trade negotiators in Washington who want Russia to make more progress on reducing tariffs on U．S．meat imports and protecting intellectual property before joining the world trade body．”也就是说，要求降低肉品进口关税的是美国，故C“欧盟要求俄罗斯降低肉品进口关税”不对。

38．C 本题考查“对文中‘irritant’词义的理解”。上下文中提到“This is not the only bade irritant between us and Russia”，接着说“this latest ban is hound to affect the auitude of member states，toward Russia's aim of joining the WTO．”。可以看出，文中的“irritant”即指“this latest ban”(最近的禁售)。而这一禁售会影响成员国对俄罗斯人世的态度，可以看出

他们对此很恼火。据此可以确定“irritant”的意思应该是C“令人恼火的事”。

39．A 本题考查推理能力，问“最后一段话隐含意思”。短文最后一段话说的是有欧盟官员私下认为普京还受着冷战的遗害，前苏联的卫星国很快将加人欧盟。也就是说，俄罗斯将会受到孤立。因此A“俄罗斯将遭受孤立”正确。

40。D 本题考查“作者对俄罗斯的态度”。这篇短文是一篇新闻，作者客观地报道丁欧盟和俄罗斯对于贸易纷争的立场和看法，并没有谈论作者自己的看法。因此，答案为D。Par tⅢTranslation

Section A

Everyone should has an ambition in his lifetime, otherwise his energy will be wasted. Each young man endeavors to be a person with achievements. It is unwise for a young man who merely looks forward to becoming wealthy, or only to attend to pursue power and fame is also incorrect.

A young man wishes to be an achiever, which is often actualized in the end. Here is an example about the story of Disraeli. When Disraelibegan his public life, he was eager to become a scholar and speechmaker. He was more successful in the aspect of literature than in the aspect of speech. Initially he entirely failed as a speechmaker. However, hedeemed that he was sure to surmount the obstacle, therefore he committed himself to the aim's realizationwith persevering spirit. Some of his friends considered what he thought was stupid, even whimsical. But hepersisted in his aim and finally succeeded. He became one of the most knowledgeable and eloquent speech-makers who have ever appeared in Britain. The cited story is not g) illustrate that only being a scholar or aspeechmaker, or being both of them can be person with achievements. Apart from being scholar or speechmaker, there are a lot of same magnificent and worshipful career. The story is just used to illustrate that ayoung man needs to have lofty ambition, for "we would rather have high ambition even not be able to obtainour aims than have low ambition in order to obtain them" Section B

1．国际红十字委员会在世界上海一个动荡地区都有医疗站，包括阿富汗和巴勒斯坦地区。

2．但是该组织表示，由于这些国家的局势正在恶化，明年必须进一步扩大活动范围。

3．红十字声称，在阿富汗的行动是其规模最大、费用最昂贵的一次。并且表示，由于该国局势的好转，该组织去年年度预算削减了4 000多万美元。在斯里兰卡，塞拉利昂，南斯拉夫的经费也有所削减。

IV. Writing

Ever since the early 1980s, education on TV has been offering people the chance for an education. TVstations offer not only language courses, but also a number of other courses, such as trade, management,law, accounting, and finance. In fact, it has become a remarkable part of China's education system.

If there were no education on TV, we wouldn't have the present economic growth, as today collegesand universities are too few to train the large number of professionals who are now playing important roles inthe nation's various careers. It is estimated that one out of four professionals received some college educationon TV.

Therefore, the government should make the education on TV more available to people on the one handand improve the teaching quality and testing system on the other hand so as to satisfy the urgent needs formore qualified professionals.

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