PETS一级完形填空的解题思路与解题技巧

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（一）命题思路

完形填空是PETS一级笔试的第三部分“英语知识运用”的第二节。主要考查考生对篇章的语言成分的辨识和理解能力，这类题常考一些标志意义转折、顺承以及原因、结果、举例、顺序、总结等的副词和连词。该部分约占总分权重的10％，答题时间约为10 分钟。在题型设计上是提供一篇90－120词的短文，文中留有10处空白，每个空白提供三个备选答案。要求考生给每处空白选择最佳答案，使补足后的短文结构完整、逻辑合理、意思通顺、前后连贯。其中约6道考查语法结构，4道题考查单词和表达方式。

本节设计要求考生掌握英语语言的冗余性。冗余是指语言的口语和书面语中都包含着一些并不是十分必要的信息，但是它提供许多额外信息。因此虽然完形填空的短文中有多处空白，但是考生还是能够根据题干提供的信息大致理解文章的意思，根据上下文，结合基本语法和词汇知识，能够把文章补充完整。下面结合一个具体的例子来分析命题的思路和考点的分布。

【经典例题】

The population problem may be the 1 one of the world today．The world's population is growing 2 ．Two thousand years ago, there were only 250 million people 3 the earth．Four hundred years ago, the number was 4 500 million．But at the beginning of the 5 century, the world's population was about 1,700 million．In 1970, this number was 3,600 million．In 1990, the number was five billion．A 6 report says that the world population will 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century．This is just ten 8 after it 9 five billion．People say that by the year 2010, 10 may be seven billion．

1．[A]great [B]greater [C]greatest

2．[A]faster and faster [B]fast and fast [C]fastest and fastest

3．[A]in [B]on [C]at

4．[A]nearly [B]more [C]over

5．[A]twenty [B]twelve [C]twentieth

6．[A]USA [B]UN [C]PRC

7．[A]past [B]pass [C]passed

8．[A]weeks [B]months [C]years

9．[A]get [B]gets [C]reached

10．[A]this [B]it [C]one

【正确答案】1．[C ] 2．[A ] 3．[B] 4．[C ] 5．[C] 6．[B ] 7．[B ] 8．[C ] 9．[C] 10．[B]

【名师精解】下面对各个小题的考点和解题策略做分析。

1，2题很明显是考查形容词的比较级和最高级，这类题目要求考生对使用比较级和最高级的情况（1）和一些包含比较级和最高级的习惯表达方式（2）有充分的理解和掌握；3题是考查介词on的用法，这就要求考生对前面所列的常用介词及其用法熟练掌握；4题是考查考生对常用副词的辨析，考生特别要注意的是那些词义相近的副词（以及与其词义相近的形容词）；5题是对数量词的考查（本题是对序数词），同时也是对表示“××世纪”的习惯表达方式的考查，应该注意的是，对数量词的考查大多集中在一些常用的表达方式，如世纪，年代，时间等，考生要给予足够的重视；6题是对短文特别是上下文的理解，以及对英语常识（这里是对英语缩略词的意义）的考查，对英语常识，考生要注重积累。而上下文的理解对文完形填空是很重要的，完形填空与单项选择的最大区别就是对语境的理解要求更高，从这个意义上对短文的第一遍的快速阅读是不可省略的；7题是对动词，具体说是对pass词形的考查以及对情态动词后接动词原形这一基础知识点的考查。对于动词考生特别要注重对基础知识点的掌握，因为动词的知识点特别多，考生容易陷于对新知识点的掌握，而忽略基础知识点，实际上考试考查的重点还是基础知识点，考生不要“拣了芝麻，丢了西瓜”；8是考查考生也是对整个短文特别是上下文的理解；9题是对动词reach和get用法的辨析，这也是考查的重点；10题是对代词的考查，因为常用的代词数量不多，所以如果考生对每个代词都有较好的掌握，这类题还是容易拿分的。

从上面的分析可以看出：题目对各个语法方面（形容词，副词，介词，数量词，动词，代词等），上下文理解和习惯表达方式都有涉及，重点是动词（2道题），上下文理解（2道题）和习惯表达方式（2道题）。其实这种分析不是很科学，因为各个知识点都是有联系的，有时候甚至是重叠的。但做这种分析有助于考生对考试的要求、考查方式有充分了解，平时考生也可以针对自己做过的题目做些分析。

（二）解题技巧

完形填空更注重对篇章语境的考查，而并非单纯孤立的考查语法和词汇知识。做好完形填空的题目，考生日常要注意对段落和上下文的把握，要善于捕捉文中提供的信息。在单项填空中提到的几项解题方法同样适用于完形填空，考生应该在深刻领会的基础上综合运用各种解题方法。这里我们提出“三遍阅读法”解题，通过第一遍阅读快速浏览，根据不完整的句子掌握短文的大概意思，知道

文章在讲一些什么事情，不需要纠缠细节的东西。因为时间上的限制，这遍阅读要快，在快速阅读中尽可能充分理解短文意思。第二遍就是分析选择，在第一遍的基础上，认真分析每一个空白，根据上下文，语法、词法等基本语言知识，给每空选出最佳答案。第二遍阅读要求考生尽可能仔细，认真分析短文的每一个细节。第三遍把做好选择代入文章进行通读，检查有没有遗漏或者错误。这一遍一般也要求要较快的完成，实际是对自己前两遍工作的一个复查验证。如果能够认真的完成上述三遍阅读，完形填空应该能够得到很好的成绩。有的考生在开始的时候觉得三遍特别费时间，拿到题目读了第一句就要做出选择，其实这是不好的做法，“欲速则不达”，没有第一遍阅读，不了解短文的大致意思，很难快速而高准确率的做出选择。

【经典例题1】

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

The Big Ben(英国大笨钟) is located in the tower in London. It is very famous 1 the world, but nobody knows why it is 2 Big Ben. There are two stories 3 this. Some people say that it was named 4 Benjamin Caunt, a boxer. People called 5 Big Ben. But more people believe it was called after Welshman, Sir Benjamin Hall. He was in 6 of this work in 1859. A story was told that during a 7 in a meeting on what 8 the bell, Sir Benjamin was going to give his ideas an officer behind him shouted 9 , “Let’s call it Big Ben!”From 10 on it was named Big Ben.

1. [A] throughout [B] over [C] at

2. [A] say [B]call [C]called

3. [A] of [B] for [C]about

4. [A] because [B] after [C] of

5. [A] they [B] it [C] him

6. [A] change [B] charge [C] believe

7. [A] discussion [B]decision [C] fighting

8. [A] calls [B] to call [C] is called

9. [A] quick [B] sudden [C] suddenly

10. [A] now [B] that [C] then

【正确答案】 1.[A] 2.[C] 3.[C] 4.[B] 5.[C] 6.[B] 7.[A] 8.[B] 9.[C] 10.[C]

【名师精解】

通过第一遍的快速通读，我们大概了解这篇短文主要是讲英国大笨钟名称的由来。1的三个选项中，表示全世界文明应该用throughout the world. 这也是个习惯用法。2是对语态的考查，“被称为”要用被动语态，[A]、[B]语态都不对。关于命名有两个故事，因此3选about. 4是考查动词的习惯搭配，name after表示“以……命名”。故正确答案为after. 如果考生并没有掌握这个词组也能通过上下文选出正确答案，因为下一句就有同义词组call after. 5也是考查考生对上下文的把握，人们称Benjamin Caunt为Big Ben，因此指代Benjamin Caunt应该是him. 6考查习惯搭配，in charge of 表示负责，主持（工作）。7是说大家讨论、商量钟的命名问题，因此应该是discussion，decision的意思是决定，而fighting 表示争吵，意思都不妥当。8利用排除法很容易得出正确答案，[A]、[C]都比较容易排除，因为很明显时态不对，因此正确答案是[B]。通过分析我们知道，9处应该是个状语，做状语的一般词性为副词而不是形容词，因此正确答案为suddenly。10考查惯用词组，from then on 从那时起，from now on 表示从现在起，一般没有from that on 的说法。

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