考博英语阅读理解模拟练习及解析(5)

考博英语阅读理解模拟练习及解析（5）

Real policemen,both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV-if they ever get home in time.There are similarities,of course,but the cops don't think much of them.

The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer,and what is more,he has to apply it on his feet,in the dark and rain,running down an alley after someone he has to talk to.

Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,unimportant people who are guilty-or not-of stupid,petty crimes.

Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal;as soon as he's arrested,the story is over.In real life,finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks-where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police-little effort is spent on searching.The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.

Having made an arrest,a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case.So as well as being overworked,a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them,usually against their own best interests,to help him.

A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives.Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures:first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality,secondly,as expensive public servants they have to get results.They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

If the detective has to deceive the world,the world often deceives him.Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness-as he sees it-of citizens,social workers,doctors,law makers,and judges,who,instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.The result,detectives feel,is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars.This makes them rather cynical.

1．It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law________.

A．so that he can catch criminals in the streets

B．because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous

C．so that he can justify his arrests in court

D．because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer

2．The everyday life of a policeman or detective is________.

A．exciting and glamorous

B．full of danger

C．devoted mostly to routine matters

D．wasted on unimportant matters

3．When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police________.

A．prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away

B．spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their man

C．try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation

D．usually fail to produce results

4．The real detective lives in"an unpleasant moral twilight"because________.

A．he is an expensive public servant

B．he must always behave with absolute legality

C．he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it

D．he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world

5．Detectives are rather cynical because________.

A．nine tenths of their work involves arresting people

B．hardly anyone tells them the truth

C．society does not punish criminals severely enough

D．too many criminals escape from jail

中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析

中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,along with Tylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________. In the early1900s in North America,German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism.Historical particularism,which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________. Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures. 45.________________. Also in the early1900s,French sociologistémile Durkheim

(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理

2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary

北京大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题

北京大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题 Passage one No agricultural operation has ever been invested with so much glamour as the making of maple syrup.We tapped about two hundred trees,few enough for us to know the personality of each.In a hollow on the south-east corner of the woods was a vast gnarled specimen which always had its three small red buckets full and often running over. I still think of that tree with affection,admiration,and gratitude. On the more exposed westerly side of the wood were almost equally sizeable specimens which scarcely produced a drop.We regarded them with dislike and resentment.Like certain politicians they had successfully divorced promise from performance. Sap in those days was collected in a wooden tub mounted on a sleigh. A circular track wound through the black,silent woods.The horses pulled the tub on the sleighs from point to point along this track. At each stop we fanned out with large pails to collect the sap from the bucket attached to each tree.If the sap was running well there might be a pleasant air of urgency about this task for numerous buckets would be spilling over.The sap was then boiled in a flat rectangular pan,about three feet by six or seven,which sat on a cement arch over a vigorous log fire.Immediately behind the arch,from which the operation could be watched,and with the whole front open to the fire, was the small,tin-roofed shed.There is no aroma on earth like that of boiling sap.In good years it was necessary to boil all night to keep abreast of the run.Then hour after hour the white steam billowed off into the black night or,on occasion,rolled into the shed as a special reward.Neighbors who did not make syrup came across the fields and through the woods to sit and watch the fire and the steam and enjoy the smell.One could take a dipper,dip out a pint or two of the thickening sap,cool it in a snowbank,and drink it all. The flavor of the syrup then produced was far better than what a less fortunate generation now gets.I learned the reason in what I believe was my first introduction to scientific investigation.Two brothers named John and Angus McNabb went into production of maple syrup on a commercial basis:they bought covered buckets and an evaporator and a galvanized tank for the sap and set out to make a quality product.

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(医学保健类 肺癌)【圣才出品】

Passage10肺癌 Among all the malignancies,lung cancer is the biggest killer;more than 100,000Americans die of the disease,giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk,but another answer may lie in the kitchen.According to a new report,even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots,spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding,published in The Lancet,is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease.Since1957,some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of2,000middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co.in Chicago.Led by Dr.Richard Shekelle of St.Luke’s Medical Center,and the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects’dietary patterns and cancer.Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer.The correlation seemed logical,explains Shekelle,since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial(上皮的)tissue that lines the airways of the lungs. But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin.“Preformed”vitamin A,known as retinol,is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk,cheese,butter and eggs.But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene,which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots,spinach,squash,tomatoes,sweet potatoes and apples.

考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc

考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age

中央财经大学考博英语阅读模拟题精解

中央财经大学考博英语阅读模拟题精解As is the case in many cultures,the degree to which a minority group was seen as different from the characteristics of the dominant majority determined the extent of that group’s acceptance. Immigrants who were like the earlier settlers were accepted.The large numbers of immigrants with significantly different characteristics tended to be viewed as a threat to basic American values and the American way of life. This was particularly true of the immigrants who arrived by the million during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most of them came from poverty-stricken nations of southern and Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi eastern Europe.They spoke languages other than English,and large numbers of them were Catholics or Jews. Americans at the time were very fearful of this new flood of immigrants.They were afraid that these people were so accustomed to lives of poverty and dependence that they would not understand such basic American values as freedom,self-reliance and competition. There were so many new immigrants that they might even change the basic values of the nation in undesirable ways. Americans tried to meet what they saw as a threat to their values by offering English instruction for the new immigrants and

最新浙江大学考博英语阅读试题汇总

2013浙江大学考博英语阅读试题

学苑教育考博辅导老师为您提供备考建议，希望对您有所帮助。 Today,cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult menand thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettesregularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given upsmoking. It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men andwomen the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’ssmoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms.Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes thanmen with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if awell-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smokemore packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women.(80)There are slightly moresmokers among women with higher family income and higher education than amongthe lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated womentend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers fromupper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farmareas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of theirparents smoke. 1. What do we know from the first paragraph ? A.More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 2.What factors determine a person’s smokinghabits ?

北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)教学提纲

北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning. Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there. Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up". 2 Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were a long time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3

考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3.doc

考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编3 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7 billion people. For better and worse, it's a milestone. And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8 billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the world's poorer countries. Proportionally, Europe's population will decline, while Africa's will increase. At around the same time, India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth. The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World Health Organization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people — about half the world's population — are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a large proportion, of the world's people been malnourished. And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, and population aging. As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and more countries are aging raging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over will be visible, whereas the number of children(persons under age 15)will decline slightly. Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure. The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped to more than 13. 3 percent of the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentage from the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the country's population will be over 65 by 2050, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission. The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle, we can't rely on the ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nation's economic growth. Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and working capability of today's older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are more accessible. It was heartening to hear the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security spokesperson announced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take retirement policy seriously and proactively. Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees in the private sector are allowed to postpone retirement until the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Public servants, however, will continue to retire under the present system age 60 for men and 55 for women.（分数：10.00） (1).According to the passage, India will______in 14 years.（分数：2.00） A.be a poorer country B.be the most populous country C.decline in population D.increase investment in Africa (2).What problem will result from the global population explosion?（分数：2.00） A.Population aging. B.Increasing longevity. C.Declining fertility. D.Expanding malnourishment. (3).Population on aging represents the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00） A.rapid economic development B.challenge to public in institutions C.success story of mankind