11. 高中英语写作高级句型
高中英语写作高级句型
高考英语写作高分策略
1. 审题——审要求，审文体，审人称，审时态；
2. 要点齐全，滴水不漏；
3. 好的开头，靓的结尾；
4. 用好过渡性词汇；
5. 使用复杂结构，高级词汇。
什么是高级词汇呢?
一般认为，不常用的词汇或者超纲词汇均可视为高级词汇。
什么是复杂结构呢？
如定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句，倒装句，强调句，感叹句，非谓语动词，插入语，with的复合结构，省略，独立主格结构等；
很多考生的英语作文句式单一、呆板，语言缺乏多样性和灵活性，这与高考作文要求考生的语言结构富于变化、错落有致差距甚远。要想使语言富于变化，考生就要多练习英语句型的改写或转换，为写作打好句型基础。
下面就讲讲多种能使文章靓丽的方法。
第一部分：使用高级句式的策略
一. 改变句子开头。
许多考生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词，经常用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如People, We, I, He, They, She等。但这种开头见多了，难免让人厌倦。
试比较：
A. People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food.
B. There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.
改变句子的开头常用以下四种方法：
1. 用同位语开头
Air, water and oxygen, everything is necessary for life.
2. 用表语开头
Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language is intense interest plus persistent effort.
3. 用宾语开头
My advice you would not listen to; my help you laughed at. Now you will have what you asked for.
4. 以短语修饰语开头
(1)以介词短语开头
To me the news was very interesting, but to my wife very boring.
(2)以分词短语开头
Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades, John took flight for the Pacific islands.
(3)以不定式短语开头
To pass the exam, you should work very hard.
二. 巧用连词。
有的考生在作文中过多地使用简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄就用so, and, then, but, or, however, yet等，这样非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以
通过使用其他连词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连词，如that, because, since, whenever, although, after, as, before, when, if, unless, as if 等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。如：
三. 长短句交叉。
长句和短句是就句子的词数多少、形体长短而言。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句由于词数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。
看下列句子：
1. We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.
2. There are many trees along the streets.
3. There is a clean river in the city.
4. There are many fishes in the river.
5. There are willow trees on the one side.
6. There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.
7. There are many flowers on them.
以上七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短统一都在七八词左右，十分单调。
下面是修改后的段落:
1. Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.
2. Green trees line the streets.
3. A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound.
4. On the one side stand rows of willow trees.
5. On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.
改写后的这段文字，有长句1、3、4，也有短句2和4，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅句子长短交替,而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然、生动活泼。再如：
The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world, and in spring time it often overflows its banks, and the lives of many people are endangered.
四. 主动句与被动句的互换。
英语中经常用被动语态，汉语经常用主动语态；英语中经常用是事物或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使整篇文章句型丰富。
佳句欣赏：
We will have selected about thirty volunteers to the Mars throughout the world by 2015.
→About thirty volunteers will have been selected to the Mars throughout the world by 2015.(2013·广东高考书面表达)体会：每次可以借五本书最多借十天(2006NMET)
We can borrow five books at most, and we can keep them for ten days.
At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.
哪种表达法分数会更高？
【学以致用】
使用被动语态转换下列句子
1. Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.
Above all, something must be done to stop pollution.
2. They carried out a survey among 260 students.
A survey was carried out among 260 students.
3. The government should take immediate measures to deal with the present financial crisis.
Immediate measures should be taken to deal with the present financial crisis.
4. People suggest that the conference be put off.
It is suggested that the conference be put off.
五. 使用强调句。
1. As a saying goes, the little thing matters most.
→As a saying goes, it is the little thing that matters most.(2013·上海高考满分作文)
2. With sincerity and faithfulness we created a harmonious atmosphere.
→It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. (2014·江西高考满分作文)
当我们要刻意强调某个成分时，我们可以用强调句型，注意强调句不能强调谓语。
比较：
A. I saw John in the street in the classroom this morning.
B. It was John that I saw in the classroom this morning.
C. It was this morning that I saw John in the classroom.
D. It was in the classroom that I saw John this morning.
【学以致用】
使用强调句转换句型：
1. I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school.
It was when I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of English.
2. The children won’t come home until 5pm..
It is not until 5pm. that the children will come home.
3. He went there yesterday.
He did go there yesterday.
4. Smoking did great harm to his health.
It was smoking that did great harm to his health.
5. Our money is earned through hard work by our parents.
It is through hard work that our money is earned by our parents.
6. We had to stay at home because it was raining hard.
It was because it was raining hard that we had to stay at home.
7. The first clock with a face and an hour hand was made about 600 years ago.
It was because it was raining hard that we had to stay at home.
六. 使用倒装句。
1. The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way.
→Only in this way can the children grow up mentally and physically healthy. (2013·福建高考满分作文)
2. I didn’t realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways until then.
→Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways. (2013·湖北高考短文写作)倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的五种形式，足以应对书面表达，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。
倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的五种形式，足以应对书面表达，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。
1. Only引导的倒装句：
A. Only in this way can I improve my English
B. Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy
C. Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy
2. So引导的倒装句：
A. The boy is so clever that he does well in all the subjects.
B. So clever is the boy that he does well in all the subjects.
3. as引导的强调句：
A. Young as I am, I can manage it.
B. Rich as our country is, we have a lot of problems.
C. Badly injured as he was, he managed to take down the car’s number.
D. Try as you will, you won’t manage it.
4. 否定词开头的强调句：
A. He didn’t come here until 5 pm. yesterday.
B. Not until/till 5 pm. did he come here yesterday.
C. It was not until/till 5 pm. that he came here yesterday.
5. 地点状语开头的强调句：
把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点。比较：
A. On the bank stand some flowers.
In the sky hang little stars.
B. Our library is in the center of our school.
In the center of our school lies our library.
C. He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang.
Hardly had he got he got into the room when the telephone rang.
D. Our library lies in the center of our school. It is between the garden and the teaching building.
In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.
E. If you had asked me, I would have given you his address.
Had you asked me, I would have given you his address.
F. Tom likes apple, and Jack likes it too.
Not only Tom but also Jack likes the apple.
七. 使用省略句。
1. If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→If so, I hope you will have a wonderful time. (2013·山东高考满分作文)
2. When they are compared to the traditional ones, they have three new unique functions.
→Compared to the traditional ones, they have three new unique functions. (2014·湖南高考满分作文)
八. 根据语境，合理使用感叹句，祈使句，疑问句，丰富句子的种类。
英语的句子按照用途分为四类：陈述句，祈使句，感叹句和疑问句。在写作中不要拘泥于陈述句这一种句子，可以根据表达的内容，合理选用不同种类的句子可以使文章富于变化。
1. 感叹句
A. It is a very splendid moment.
How splendid a moment it is! (2013·辽宁高考满分作文)
B. I am very worried about his condition.
How worried I am about his condition. (2013·湖北高考满分作文)
2. 祈使句：
A. Let’s try our best to beautify the environment from now on.
B. Work hard and I believe you can achieve your goal one day!
3. 疑问句
A. Which way is the best to get to know the society, through listening to the radio, watching TV, reading the newspapers, or taking part in social activities?
B. Have you ever taken a part-time job? Do you think it is a good practice for college students to do temporary jobs in their free time?
4. 反问句
A. Now that we have realized the importance of practice, why not put it into practice?
B. Don’t you think that it is high time that everybody joined in the effort to protect our environment and save the earth?【学以致用】
使用感叹句改变句型：
1. We had a very good time with the peasants that day.
What a good time we had with the peasants that day!
2. To prevent the pollution is very important.
How important it is to prevent the pollution!
3. We had an interesting day today.
What an interesting day today we had!
4. The man seemed to be foolish.
How foolish the man seemed to be!
5. To prevent the pollution is very important．
How important to prevent the pollution is!
6. She is a clever girl．
What a clever girl she is!
九. 使用with复合结构。
A: As English words get popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against”.
B: With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against” .(2014·江苏高考满分作文)
【学以致用】
用with复合结构填空：
1. 她睡着了，灯还亮着。
She fell asleep _______________.
2. 种了很多花，我们学校呈现出新的面貌。
________________________, our school took on a new look.
3. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
Don’t speak __________________.
4. 由于无事可做，我就看了一部电影。
_________________, I saw a movie.
5. 我们学校周围种了很多花和树，吸引了大量的学生来参观。
______________________________________________, it attracts a large number of people.
6. 没有做完作业，这个小孩不敢去上学。
________________________, the boy dared not go to school.
7. 这两个男人早早就睡了，蜡烛烧了一个晚上。
The two men went to bed early, _____________________________.
（Key: 1. with the light on 2. With many flowers planted 3. with your mouth full 4. With nothing to do 5. With so many trees and flowers surrounding our school 6. With homework not finished 7. with candles burning a night long )
用with复合结构变句型:
1. As the society develops rapidly, it’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
With the society developing rapidly, it’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
2. Because there was too much noise, I couldn’t go on studying.
With the noise going on, I couldn’t go on studying.
3. He sat in a chair. He had a newspaper in his hand.
He sat in a chair with a newspaper in his hand.
十. 由with/without/ instead of/ instead引导的短语。
比较：
1. 这个地区占地2000平方千米，人口10万。
This area covers an area of 2000 square kilometers, __________________________. (with a population of 100,000)
2. He left in a hurry. He didn’t say good-bye to anybody.
He left in a hurry without saying good-bye to anyone.
3. I didn’t go to school yesterday. I stayed at home and watched TV.
I didn’t go to school yesterday. Instead, I stayed at home watching TV.
Instead of going to school, I stayed at home watching TV yesterday.
十一. 使用虚拟语气。
1. It is high time for both children and parents to take action to make small changes.
→It is high time that both children and parents took action to make small changes. (2013·福建高考满分作文)
2. I missed being hit by the car with your help.
→Without your help，I would have been hit by the car. (2013·安徽高考满分作文)
【学以致用】
使用虚拟语气改写句子：
1. I didn’t take his advice, so I failed in the exam.
If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
2. Because I was ill that day, I didn’t take part in the sports meeting.
I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
十二. 用平行结构句。
所谓平行结构就是将两个或两个以上结构相同、意义并重、语气一致的词、短语或句子排列成一个整体，起到强调的作用。
比较：
A. We can gain knowledge by reading and we can gain knowledge by observation or by practice.
B. We can gain knowledge by reading, by observation or by practice.
【学以致用】
用平行结构句改下面的句子。
1. I have a dream that my children will some day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin. They will be judged by the content of their character.
I have a dream that my children will some day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
2. When you are having a meeting, you shouldn’t sleep, you shouldn’t make a phone call, you shouldn’t talk to others. When you are having a meeting, you shouldn’t sleep, or make a phone call, or talk to others.
十三. 使用双重否定结构。
肯定不如双否好: 修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。
1. The postman comes on time every day.
The postman never fails to come on time.
2. I have made great progress in English with his help.
I couldn’t have made so much progress in English without his help.
3. The postman comes on time every day.
The postman never fails to come on time every day.
4. I have made great progress in English with his help.
I couldn’t have made so much progress in English without his help.
十四. 非谓语的运用。
几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语等。例如条件状语从句：If such is the case, you should apologize to her. 如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。
口诀：一去，二看，三改。
一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。
If such is the case, you should apologize to her.
第一步，去掉连词if；
第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；
第三步，改分词，is 变成分词是being。
最后变成：Such being the case, you should apologize to her.
如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构。
【学以致用】
用非谓语改写句子：
1. The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
2. If everything is taken into consideration, we ought to have another chance.
Everything taken into consideration, we ought to have another chance.
3. He was satisfied with the result, so he decided to do a new experiment.
Satisfied with the result, he decided to do a new experiment.
【学以致用】
4. In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees. We talked and laughed all the way.
In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way.
5. I thought the driver would stop to help, but she didn’t. She just drove off and left the old man still lying on the ground
in pain.
I thought the driver would stop to help, but she didn’t. She just drove off, leaving the old man still lying on the ground in pain.
【学以致用】
分词结构代替状语/定语从句
1. If you work harder, you will do better in the exam next time.
____________, you will do better in the exam next time.
2. Because my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the police. _______________________, my friend said nothing to the police.
(Key: Working hard / Frightened of losing his job )
【学以致用】
3. The moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon is a natural satellite of the earth. （改写）
The moon, traveling round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
4. 与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。(广东卷) （翻译）
Compared with letters and public phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.
十五. 看下列句型，学习写作中的it 用法。
1. It takes time/ energy/ patience to do…
习惯一个新的城市的生活需要时间。
It takes time to get accustomed/ used to the life in a new city.
2. It (suddenly) occurred / came to me that …
我忽然想到我可以用这些钱给母亲买件生日礼物。
It suddenly occurred to me that I can buy my mother a birthday present with the money.
3. It is said/ reported/ believed/ thought that…
据报道已经有超过10 多万人在海地大(Hiti)地震中丧生
It is reported that more than 100,000 people have lost their lives in Hiti earthquake.
4. It is important/ necessary/ convenient …(for sb.) to do
现在对于北京人来说到西藏旅游是很方便的。(Tibet)
It is convenient for the people in Beijing to travel to Tibet.
5. It’s likely/ possible/ unlikely/ impossible that…
每年有数百万人死于由污染引起的疾病，而且更多人很可能会在接下来的几年中患病或死亡。
Millions of people die of disease caused by pollution, and it’s likely that still more people will get ill or even die in the following years.
6. (sb.) think/ find/ feel it necessary/ important …to do…
我觉得读Hawking 写的书很有趣。
I feel it interesting to read books written by Hawking.
我发现和我隔壁住的邻居很好相处。
I find it easy to get along with the neighbours next to me.
【学以致用】
用it 句型改写句子：
1. You pretend to know what you don’t know. It’s no good.
It’s no good pretending to know what you don’t know.
2. It is easy to get on with Pam. I find.
I find it easy to get on with Pam.
十六. 简洁原则——佳句是这样炼成的。
古人云：“意则期多，字则期少。”写句子时应力求做到以简练简约的文字，表达丰富深刻的思想。如：
原句：I stood in the wind. I felt hopeless and depressed.
分析：这个句子本身没任何毛病，将它稍稍改一下，句意没改变，但简洁多了。
改写：I stood in the wind, hopeless and depressed.
为了使句子简洁，我们通常可以采取以下几种方法：
1. 用连接词合并。
在写作时，我们可以用neither…nor, not only…but also, either…or, both…and, as well as , or , not…until 等连接词连接几个简单句，还可以用从句。比较：
I went to the cinema yesterday. He went to the cinema, too.
Both he and I went to the cinema yesterday或I, as well as he, went to the cinema yesterday.
【学以致用】
练习1. 用连接词合并下列句子
(1) I don’t want this apple. He doesn’t want it, either.
Neither I nor he wants this apple.
(2) We go to school on weekdays. We go to school at weekends, too.
We go to school not only on weekdays but also at weekends.
【学以致用】
练习2. 根据句子的具体情况，我们可以用定语从句合并句子。
(1) He told me the news yesterday. I will tell you the news.
I will tell you the news that he told me yesterday.
(2) The girl is singing an English song in the next room is .The girl is Tom’s sister.
He failed in the examination, which made his father very angry.
(3) He failed in the examination It made his father very angry.
He failed in the examination, which made his father very angry.
【学以致用】
练习3. 用并列句改写下列句子，使其更简洁
He gave many reasons for the failure, but the reasons he gave were not convincing.
He gave many reasons for the failure, but none of them was convincing.
2. 简化：我们可以用下面几种方法来简化句子。
1. 用分词短语:
比较：
(1) After we had been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest-for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2) Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
【学以致用】
用分词短语简化下列句子
(1) He was busy writing a story. He only stopped once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
He was busy writing a story, only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
(2) The Olympic Games, which was first played in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
The Olympic Games, first played in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912
(3) As I didn’t know what to do, I went for father’s help.
Not knowing what to do, I went for father’s help.
【学以致用】
(4) Do you know the man who is speaking at the meeting?
Do you know the man speaking at the meeting?
(5) Look out for cars while you are crossing the street?
Look out for cars while crossing the street?
【学以致用】
(6) Do you know the girl who is dressed in red?
Do you know the girl ______________.
(7)The professor walked into the classroom and he carried a bag of books with him.
The professor walked into the classroom, ____________________________.
(8) The man who is standing by the window is our teacher.
The man_____________________ is our teacher.
【学以致用】
(9) We didn’t know her telephone number, so we couldn’t get in touch with her.
_______________________________, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
(10) Johnson looked like a man who was wanted in Los Angeles for robbery.
Johnson looked like a man _____________________________.
(11) He suggested that he be sent to tend the sick.
___________________________________.
( 6. dressed) in red 7. carrying a bag of books with him 8. standing by the window 9. Not knowing her telephone number 10. wanted in Los Angeles for robbery 11. He suggested being sent to tend the sick )
2. 用不定式短语:
比较：
A. I hope that I will be invited to the party.
B. I hope to be invited to the party.
A. The students are working hard to pass the exam.
B. To pass the exam, the students are working hard.
【学以致用】
用不定式短语简化下列句子。
(1) The doctor told the child that he should eat less and exercise more.
The doctor told the child to eat less and exercise more.
(2) I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble.
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3. 用介词短语（或独立主格）：
独立主格结构是指：with +名词+分词，名词+分词，with+名词+介词短语。
比较：
(1) The murderer was brought in and his hands were tied behind his back.
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(2) He attended the party though he was badly ill.
He attended the party in spite of his illness.
(3) The Great Wall, which has a history of more than 2000 years, is one of the world heritages.
The Great Wall with a history of more than 2000 years is one of the world heritages.
【学以致用】
用介词短语或独立主格简化句子：
(1) If all factors are considered, we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal. With all factors considered, we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.
(2) I called early as I hoped that I could catch her before she went to work.
I called early as in the hope of catching her before she went to work.
4. 用形容词或形容词短语。
比较：
(1) Crusoe stared at the footprint and was full of fear.
Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.
(2) As she is young and ambitious, she works hard to be promoted.
Young and ambitious, she works hard to be promoted.
(3) He was confused about the problem, so he turned to his teacher.
Confused about the problem, he turned to his teacher.
【学以致用】
用形容词或形容词短语简化下列句子。
(1) As Mr. Smith was tired of the boring speech, he began to read a novel.
Mr. Smith, tired of the boring speech, began to read a novel.
(2) We’ll do it again if it is necessary.
We’ll do it again if necessary.
(3) We were tired and hungry when we finally reached the top of the mountain.
Tired and hungry, we finally reached the top of the mountain.
5. 用同位语，比较：
A. Li Ming is my friend. He will come to see me yesterday.
B. Li Ming, my friend, will come to see me tomorrow.
My brother is nine years old. His name is Dongdong.
分析：这两个句子使用的都是简单句，句式单一，无可读性。我们可以这样写：Dongdong, my brother, is nine years old.
或My brother, Dongdong, is nine years old.
【学以致用】
用同位语改变下列句子的开头.
(1) Guangzhou is my birthplace. It is far away from Beijing.
Guangzhou, my birthplace, is far away from Beijing.
(2) China is the third largest country. It lies in the east of the world.
China, the third largest country in the world, lies in the east of the world.
6. 避免使用同义词重复。
改正下列句子：
(1)He is blind in both eyes.
(2)In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.
(3)The desk is round in shape and red in color.
(4)I shall accompany my mother by going with her to the market.
十七. 如何扩充句子？
在写作中，有时为了在内容上言之有物，需要合理发挥想象力，添加一些与所给信息有关的具体细节。常用的添加方法有五种：
1. 添加名词的同位语。
2. 添加名词的修饰语，比如加形容词，介词短语，非谓语等作定语。
3. 添加动词的修饰语，比如副词。
4. 添加例子，使信息具体化。
5. 添加与所给信息有关的前因后果及条件，目的等内容。
读下列句子，体会扩充句子的方法：
1. There are four ways to keep fit. →（加相关信息）
There are four or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us.
2. First, we should have our breakfast in the morning. →（加例子）
Firstly, we should have our breakfast, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, in the morning.
3. Second, we should have a nap at noon. →（加同位语）
Secondly, we should have a short nap, even30 minutes, at noon.
4. Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. →（加相关信息）
Thirdly, sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon.
5. It will be much more convenient to look after your parents. →（加状语）
It will be much more convenient to look after your parents as they are getting older and older.
6. Mary often helps me with my maths. →（加同位语）
Mary, the monitor of our class, often helps me with my maths.
十八. 根据话题使用有关的谚语或俗语。观察下列句子，体会谚语或俗语的使用方法：
1. 我们应该集中注意力于学习。
We should focus our mind on our studies.
As the saying goes, “__________________________.” We should focus our mind on our studies...
2. 锻炼对学生有好处。
It is good for us students to take exercise..
As the saying goes, “ _________________________ .” It is good for us students to take exercise.
3. 我们应该充分利用时间了。
It is high time for us to make good use of time.
As the saying goes, “__________________________.”
(1. (no pains, no gains) (2. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.) 3. Time and tide wait for no man.)
常用谚语(Proverb)
1. Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。
2. Think twice before you do. 三思而后行。
3. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
4. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
5. When in Roman, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
6. Do it now. 机不可失，时不再来。
7. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
9. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生远离我。
10. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
11. once in a blue moon. 千载难逢
12. Roman is not built one day. 罗马不是一日可以建成的。
13. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收（谚语）；事已至此，后悔无用。
14. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 不要打如意算盘。
15. One swallow doesn’t make a summer. 一燕不成夏。凡事不可以一偏概全。
16. Every coin has two sides. 事物都有两面性。
十九. 恰当使用插入语，使语言韵味十足。
(1) 英语中，介词词组作插入语的结构有：
all in all (总而言之)
as a matter of fact (事实上)
as a result (结果)
by the way (顺便说一句)
first of all (首先)
for example (例如)
in my opinion (依我我看来，我认为)in other words (换句话说,换言之)
in short (简言之)
to one’s deep regret (使某人深感遗憾的是) to one’s relief (使某人感到欣慰的是)
to one’s surprise (使某人感到吃惊的是)
to my delight (让我高兴的是)
(2) 不定式短语作插入结构时，对整个句子进行解释，常见的作插入结构的不定式短语有：
to tell you the truth(老实对你说) to begin with(首先)
to put it briefly(简单说来)
to put it in another way(换句话说)needless to say(不用说) strange to say(说来奇怪) to be precise(准确地说)
to speak frankly(坦白地说)
二十. 运用排比（排山倒海句）。
如果想要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么用一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
1. Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, complicated or simple, ordinary or different, there is plenty in London for you.
2. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our knowledge, to develop our potentials and to realize our dreams.
3. We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green places to enjoy.
第二部分：句子润色综合训练
一. 简单句合并成并列句或复合句：
有时为了使句子的连贯性更强，表达也更为贴切、自然，我们在两个或者多个简单句之间加上and, but, or （或者，否则）, for（因为）, while（而，却）, when（就在这个时候）, not only…but also等并列连词，使其成为并列句，或在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when, after, as, because, where, which, who等从属连词，可以使简单句变成复合句。
1. Our outdoor activity will last 3 hours. We’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.(并列句)
→Our outdoor activity will last 3 hours and we’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.
2. You must hurry. You’ll miss the plane. (并列句)
→You must hurry or you’ll miss the plane.
3. Honey is sweet. The bee stings. (并列句)
→Honey is sweet but the bee stings.
4. We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities. (改为含定语从句的复合句)
→We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English.
5. We should be easy-going. We should be concerned for others. We want to be liked by others. (合并句子)
→If we want to be liked by others, we should be easy-going and concerned for others.
6. She left hurriedly, and I didn’t have the time to say good-bye to her. (状语从句)
→She left hurriedly before I could say good-bye to her.
7. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (名从)
→What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
8. He was tired. He went to bed. (并列句)
→He was tired, so he went to bed.
9. Our teacher must be at home. The door is open. (合并)
→Our teacher must be at home, for the door is open.
10. We high school students do have some growing pains. We can get rid of them correctly and wisely. (并列句)
→We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them correctly and wisely.
11. The other day we had an English speech contest. I won the first prize in the contest. (定从)
→The other day we had an English speech contest in which I won the first prize.
12. 79.3％of the surveyed citizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life. 67.7％claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate. (合并句子)
→79.3％of the surveyed citizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7％claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.
13. We must study hard. Knowledge is power. (状从)
→We must study hard because knowledge is power.
14. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother was a famous pianist. (定从)
→The girl whose mother was a famous pianist began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.
二. 按要求改变句子形式：
1. They didn’t realize the importance of environment protecting until all the fish in the river died out. (变倒装句和强调句)
倒装句：Not until all the fish in the river died out did they realize the importance of environment protecting.
强调句：It was not until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environment protecting.
2. We found the water was too dirty and we could not catch fish in it. (so…that句型)
We found the water was so dirty that we could not catch fish in it.
We found the water was so dirty that we could hardly catch fish in it. (hardly替代not )
3. The meal was very nice. We all enjoyed it very much. (so that/ so… that…/ such…that…)
The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.
4. He is a famous singer. He has also written some interesting books. (not only…but also)
Not only is he a famous singer but also he has written some interesting books.
5. My brother was riding a bike. I sat on the seat behind him. (with sb. doing)
My brother was riding a bike with me sitting on the seat behind him.
6. He hadn’t received a letter. He decided to write to her again. (not having done)
Not having received his letter he decided to write to her again.
7. We are glad to see such great changes in our school life. (how)
How glad we are to see such great changes in our school life.
8. He didn’t realize his foolishness until he returned home. (倒装)
Not until ________________________________.
9. We can save the earth by changing the way we live. (倒装)
Only _________________________.
10. He is clever but he does not work hard. (倒装)
_________ as/though _________, he does not work hard.
11. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. (倒装)
On the other side of the street ______________________.
12. People suggest that the conference be put off. (被动语态)
It is suggested that the conference be put off.
13. She walked out of the room and many students followed her. (非谓语动词)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the room.
14. To his surprise, the little girl knew so many things. (从句)
What surprised him was that the little girl knew so many things.
15. He missed the first bus. He came to school late. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
Because he missed the first bus, he came to school late.
He missed the first bus, so he came to school late.
16. Liu Xiang is an excellent athlete. He won the first prize in Men’s 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games. (用同位语改写)
________, _________________, won the first prize in Men’s 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games.
17. The word is true. The president will give our school a speech. (主从)
_____ is true _____ the president will give our school a speech.
18. His wonderful performance on the stage impressed me. (主从)
__________________most was his wonderful performance on the stage.
19. It satisfied me. Our school dining hall provides a large variety of kinds of dishes. (主从)
____________________ our school dining hall provides a large variety of kinds of dishes.
20. I learned from the story that as long as we have patience, confidence and perseverance, we can realize our dreams. (主从)
_________________________________ as long as we have patience, confidence and perseverance, we can realize our dreams.
21. 不管前面有多少困难，我们都要学会独立的克服他们。(状语从句)
_____________________________________________, we should learn to overcome them independently.
22. 我正沿着马路走，突然我听到有人叫我。(并列句)
I ___________ along the road ______ suddenly I heard my name called.
23. Recently many middle school students spend their money on unnecessary things. Different people have different opinions about it. (改为非限制性定语从句)
Recently many middle school students spend their money on unnecessary things, ___________________________.
24. Many boys learn to smoke. It does harm to their health. (改为非限制性定语从句)
Many boys learn to smoke, ____________________________.
25. The couple was so curious about wild plants that they decided to travel to the forest.(倒装)
So curious was the couple about wild plants that they decided to travel to the forest.
26. Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920. (强调句)
It was not until in 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.
27. Many lives were saved because there were the efforts of firefighters. (虚拟语气)
But for the efforts of firefighters, many lives would not have been saved.
28. Students can improve their writing ability in this way. They can strengthen their self-confidence. (倒装)
Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but they can increase their self-confidence.
29. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news. (强调)
It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.
30. I passed the physics exam because of your help. (虚拟)
I couldn’t have passed the physics exam but for/without your help.
31. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (分词)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.
With many students following her, she walked out of the lab.
32. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (the more…the more)
The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.
33. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句)
Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort.
34. I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. (用复合句)
I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.
35. They sang and laughed as they went back to school. (使用V-ing形式)
Singing and laughing, they went back to school.
36. I won’t believe what he says. (no matter what状语从句)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe.
37. If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. (祈使句+and…)
Study hard and you’ll make rapid progress.
38. He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)
No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.
(Key : 8. he returned home did he realize his foolishness 9. by changing the way we live can we save the earth 10. Clever; he is 11. stands the clock tower 16. Liu Xiang, and excellent athlete 17. It; that 18. What impressed me 19. what satisfied me is that 20. What I have learnt from the story is that 21. No matter how many difficulties there are ahead of us 22. was walking; when 23. Which arouses people to think differently 24. which does harm to their health )
三. 升级普通表达方式，改为复杂结构：
1. If you go through the gate, you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country.
Go through the gate, and you’ll find….
2. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.
The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.
3. I got up late this morning. I didn’t catch the early bus.
I got up late this morning, otherwise I could have caught the early bus.
句子升级练习：
1. When he heard the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying. (分词作状语)
Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
2. If the weather permits, I will come tomorrow. (独立主格结构)
Weather permitting, I will come tomorrow.
3. When we finished the whole project, we could leave.
Only when we finished the whole project could we leave. (倒装句)
It was not until we finished the whole project that we could leave. (强调句)
4. My brother was riding a bike and I sat at the back of it. (and连接的并列句)
My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat back. (with的复合结构)
5. The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it.
Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve. (倒装句)
6. She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help.
She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.
7. Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
8. When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.
On arriving /his arrival, please give me an e-mail.
9. The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.
10. I won’t believe what he says.
No matter what he says, I won‘t believe.
11. If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.
You can go out on condition that you come back before six o'clock.
12. If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do?
Supposing that she doesn’t agree, what shell we do?
13. The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.
But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.
四. 学会运用复合句和非谓语动词：多句成段——学会运用复合句和非谓语动词。
翻译练习：不是人人都能学好英语，小学生同时学汉语和英语反而会影响汉语学习。
第一步：拆分成几个简单句
1. 不是人人都能学好英语。
2. 小学生同时学汉语和英语。
3. 这会影响汉语学习。
第二步：分别翻译这几个简单句
1. Not everyone is good at learning English.
2. Children from primary school learn English and Chinese at the same time.
3. This will affect their Chinese study.
第三步：合并句子
The children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time will affect their Chinese study because not everyone is good at learning English.
你来试试：
现象：学生作文中出现很多错别字
原因：1.上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。
2.每天有很多作业做，没有记住生字。
要求：1. 用两句话表达表格内容
2. 两句话要有连贯性
参考词汇：错别字: wrongly-written characters
网络语言：web language
第一句（两个信息点）：
1. 学生作文中出现很多错别字。
2.（他们）上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。
①There are many wrongly-written characters in students’ compositions.
②They often use web languages when chatting on line.
合并句子：
The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students’ composition is that they often use web languages when chatting on line.
第二句: 1. 每天有很多作业做 2. 没有记住生字。
①They have much homework to do every day.
②They fail to memorize the new characters.
多种方法合并句子：
1. They have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.
2. With so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.
3. Because they have so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.
将以上的两句话连接成一个语段：
The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students’ composition is that they often use web languages when chatting on line. Moreover, they have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.
【实战演练】
将多句话合并成一个句子：
1. (1) Students attend enrichment classes during vacation.
(2) Students can improve their main subjects.
(3) Students make more friends.
If students attend enrichment classes during vacation, they can not only improve their main subjects but also make more friends.
2. (1) I’ve made good preparations for exams.
(2) I’m very stressed and nervous.
(3) I can’t fall asleep, control my temper or focus.
(4) I even don’t want to eat.
Though I’ve made good preparations for exams, I’m still so stressed and nervous that I can’t fall asleep, control my temper or focus and even I don’t want to eat.
3. (1) Li Hua is a senior one student.
(2) She had to attend different enrichment classes
(3) She had to do a lot of homework during the summer vacation.
(4) This made her unhappy.
(5) She wanted to relax herself.
Li Hua, a senior one student, had to attend different enrichment classes and do a lot of homework during the summer vacation, which made her unhappy, as she wanted to relax herself.
4. (1) A satellite is an object.
(2) A satellite travels in an orbit round another object in space.
(3) A satellite is either natural or man-made.
A satellite is an object, either natural or man-made, which travels in an orbit round another object in space.
5. (1) There was once a famous detective.
(2) He was named Sherlock Holmes.
(3) He lived in London.
(4) The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.
There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century.
6. (1) The job was hard and boring.
(2) The job seemed endless.
(3) The job made me very tired.
(4) I almost quit half way.
The job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
7. (1) Learning English well is a must.
(2) You hunt for a job.
(3) Your English level is very important.
Learning English well is a must, as when you hunt for a job, your English level is very important.
8. (1) I have just received your letter.
(2) You express your concern.
(3) I join in too many after-class activities.
(4) These activities may have a bad effect on my study and future.
I have just received your letter in which you express your concern that my study and future may be affected because I join in too many after-class activities.
9. ①Kate is a new student.
②She comes from a northern province.
③She speaks a dialect.
④We find it hard to understand her dialect.
Kate, a new student from a northern province, speaks a dialect which we find hard to understand.
10. ①Many students have the ability to learn by themselves.
②They can learn what they need at any time.
③It will save more time for them to learn more.
Students who have the ability to learn by themselves will learn what they need at anytime, which can save more time for them to learn more. (定语从句)
11. ①The boy comes from a poor family.
②The boy does very well in his studies.
③The boy plans to work his way through college.
Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.
12. ①I went to school and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night.
②I went to bed at 11:30 p.m.
I was too busy to go to bed before 11:30 p.m., because I had to deal with my school work day and night.
五. 写作中句子的整合：一句多译
如何进行句子的整合?
句子的整合，目的就是增强意义，使其更加连贯，结构更加紧凑，语言更加生动，信息更加准确，方法就是灵活运用简单句、并列句、复合句；介词结构、分词结构、独立结构；被动语态，综合使用复合宾语结构、各种句型（there be等）等。
如何进行句子的整合? 看下面的例句：
原句：We arrived in the city. We had a visit to our teacher immediately.
1、使用介词结构，变为简单句
On arriving in the city, we had a visit to our teacher.
2、使用分词结构，变为简单句
Having arrived in the city, we had a visit to our teacher.
3、使用从属连词，变为复合句
We had a visit to our teacher immediately/directly/the time/the moment…we arrived in the city.
4、使用并列词，变为简单句
We arrived in the city and had a visit to our teacher immediately.
一句多译例题：
例题1：The young pilot was on his first overseas training. He felt very uneasy.
A. The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
B. The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.
C. The young pilot’s first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
D. Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
E. The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
F. It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
G. Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
H. The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.
I. The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.
J. When the young pilot was on his/first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
K. As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
L. The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.
例题2：He returned home and found the house was in a mess. He was worried.
A. Having returned home and found the house in a mess, he was worried.
B. He returned home and found the house in a mess, worried.
C. He was worried to find that the house was in a mess when returning home.
D. He returned home, only to find his house in a mess, worried.
E. When he returned home and found his house in a mess, he was worried.
F. He was worried, for he found his house in a mess when he returned home.
例题3：It was dark. They couldn’t find a taxi. They had to walk home.
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英语写作无敌万能句型60句
写作| 英语写作无敌万能句型60句！背会作文22分没问题！ 出60个英语写作黄金万能句，包括提建议、给原因、连接句(过渡句)、结尾句，还有很多其他类型的万能句。掌握这些黄金写作素材，考场上定会胸有成竹，写出让老师眼前一亮的句子，成绩当然也会蹭蹭往上飙。 一. 提出建议万能句 1. It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。 2. It is time to take the advice of …and to put special emphasis on the improvement of … 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。 3. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。 4. Obviously, …If we want to do something …, it is essential that … 显然，如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…... 5. Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能…… 6. It must be realized that … 我们必须意识到…… 二. 给出原因万能句 7. This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, …Second, …Third, … 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先，……;第二,，……;第三，…… 8. Why did …? For one thing …，for another …. Perhaps the primary reason is… 为什么会……?一个原因是……，令一个原因是……;或许其主要原因是……
高考英语作文万能句型经典句型100句
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