高考英语专题名词知识点易错题汇编及答案

高考英语专题名词知识点易错题汇编及答案

一、选择题

1．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release

2．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the

latest_______ in Shanghai in August.

A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion

3．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.

A．edge B．course C．exit

4．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value

5．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home.

A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere

6．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother.

—Me too, and there is no obvious________between them.

A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression

7．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate.

A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation

8．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first

__________.

A．attempt B．experiment

C．flight D．glance

9．---What's new?

---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.

A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 10．The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A．contribution B．construction

C．coincidence D．composition

11．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water.

A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access

12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief

13．Being a soldier, he has a strong sense of ________.

A．desire B．discipline C．force D．privacy 14．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book?

—Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday.

A．limit B．time C．number D．length

15．No body knows the man who was killed in the accident, so it is difficult for the police to find out his .

A．accent B．source C．identity D．mystery 16．President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.

A．departure B．benefit C．escape D．lesson

17．The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.

A．mirror B．sight C．reflection D．shadow

18．With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.

A．approach B．access C．attachment D．appearance 19．The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family. A．prospect B．promotion C．priority D．privilege

20．It is clear that in modern society high ______ and demands are placed on students. A．motivations B．expectations C．standards D．opportunities 21．If you can't find a ladder,use a strong chair as a ___________.

A．replace B．substitute C．choice D．chance

22．The expert says the farm helps reduce Beijing’s __________ on dirty energy that creates the capit al’s heavy smog.

A．convenience B．confidence C．reliance D．importance 23．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

A．project B．commitment C．competition D．ambition 24．Last month L.A．declared a________of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.

A．state B．condition C．situation D．circumstance 25．The painful experience left her emotionally drained, but she is not the sort of

________woman to be defeated by a of fate.

A．damage B．collapse C．twist D．share

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：从监狱释放差不多一年以后，他仍然睡不好。A. expedition远

征；B. transformation改变；C. link连接；D. release释放。根据from prison, he was

still unable to sleep properly意可知，此处用“释放”符合句意，故选D项。

2．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。

3．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站在水边眺望湖对岸。A. edge边缘；B. course课程，过程；

C. exit出口。根据生活常识，是站在水边眺望，故选A。

4．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：够了！这里没人认为你说的话有任何意义。A. excuse借口，理由；

B. sense感知；

C. use使用；

D. value价值。固定搭配：make any sense讲不通，有任何意义，结合句意。故选B。

【点睛】

make构成的短语

make up 组成，构成，化妆，编造，和好如初；be made of 由---构成（能看出原材料）；be made from由---构成（不能看出原材料）； be made into 被制成了---；be made up of 由---组成；be made in由某地制成； make friends 交朋友； make preparations for 为---做准备；make oneself done 使某人自己被---。

这些都是make的常用，常考短语，记住并能在语境中准确使用，本题考查的是make和sense的搭配。

5．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：托尼放了柔和的音乐，把灯调暗，以便使家里的气氛更轻松。

A. view视野，风景；

B. attitude态度；

C. style风格；

D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项

分析可知，此处指更轻松的“氛围”。故选D。

6．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：—我分不清杰克和他的孪生兄弟。—我也是，他们之间没有明显的区别。A. contribution贡献；B. distinction区别；C. promotion提升；D. expression表达。根据句意可知，孪生兄弟长相相似，区别并不明显，distinction意为“区别”，与题意相符，故选B。

7．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不能通过将罪犯绳之以法来制止暴力，事情将超出公众所能忍受的范围。A. equality平等；B. justice正义；C. regulation管理；D. liberation解放。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用名词justice。故选B。

8．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我在培训中心进行了大量练习，以便我能在驾照考试中一次通过。

A. attempt尝试；

B. experiment实验；

C. flight飞行；

D. glance瞥见。at the / one’s first attempt表示“第一次尝试”，为固定搭配。由“I practiced a lot in the training center”以及so that可推断，进行大量练习，目的是为了一次尝试通过驾照考试。故选A。

9．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析和动词短语词义辨析。句意：---有什么新消息？---即将到来的40天的春运高峰期，又称春运，将于1月10日拉开序幕，2月18日结束。A. dash破折号; kick out 撵走；B. rush 高峰期； kick off 开始；C. flow 流动 ; kick in 药物开始起作用；D. jam 拥挤; kick up 出故障。由“The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival”可知，第一个空在说春运高峰期。由“end on Feb 18”可知，第二个空在说春运的开始时间。end与kick off“开始”相对应。故选B项。

10．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析及固定搭配。contribution贡献，捐赠，捐助；construction建造，建筑物; coincidence巧合; 一致；composition作文，作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物，因此要用建造中。under construction意为“（正在）修建中”，

因此选B。

11．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们住在这个国家的一个落后地区，没有电，没有柏油路，也没有容易的安全饮用水接入。A. lack缺乏；B. guarantee保证；C. remedy补救；D. access

进入。根据上文with no electricity, paved roads可知，这个地区没有电，没有柏油路，也没有安全的饮用水。短语access to表示“进入，有权使用”，故选D。

12．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名战士，他有很强的纪律性。A. desire欲望；B. discipline纪律；C. force力量；D. privacy隐私。结合上文Being a soldier可知形容士兵应当是有很强的“纪律性”，故选B。

14．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：——我能借多长时间有限制吗？——是的。你必须在下星期二之前归还。A. limit限制；B. time时间；C. number 数字；D. length长度。结合后文的回答“You must return it by next Tuesday.”可知询问的是借书的时间有没有“限制（limit）”。故选

A。

15．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意：没有人知道在事故中丧生的那个人，所以警察很难查明他的身份。A. accent口音；B. source来源；C. identity身份；D. mystery秘密，神秘。此处指警察要查明死者的“身份”。故选C。

16．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意：唐纳德·特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体，许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A. departure背离，违反；B. benefit益处；C. escape逃跑，逃避；D. lesson课，教训。分析句子可知，此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”，故选A。

17．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木在水中的倒影非常清晰。A.mirror镜子；B.sight 视野；C.reflection倒影；D.shadow影子。根据in the water was very clear可知，指水中的倒影。故选C项。

18．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着期中考试的临近，大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A. approach接近；B. access通道；C. attachment连接物，附属；D. appearance外貌，外观。根据“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可知，此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”，故选A项。

【点睛】

名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可以推出，空处应选“接近，

临近”的意思。

19．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A. prospect前途；B. promotion升职，晋升；C. priority优先权；D. privilege特权。结合后文to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升（promotion）为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选B。

20．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生寄予了很高的期望和要求。A. motivations动机；B. expectations期待；C. standards标准；D. opportunities机会。通过句意可知，我们社会对孩子们寄予了更高的期待和要求。所以B项expectations(期待)满足句意。故此题选B。

21．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你找不到梯子，就用一把结实的椅子代替。根据句意可知，如果找不到梯子就用椅子作为代替品。A. replace代替，取代；B. substitute代替，代用品；C. choice选择； D. chance机会。这里指用椅子代替梯子。值得注意的是，选项A. replace作“代替，取代”解时为动词，不符合语境，故排除，因此选B。

22．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家说，这个农场有助于减少北京对污染能源的依赖，而污染能源造成了首都的严重雾霾. A. convenience 方便；B. confidence 自信；C. reliance 依靠，依赖；D. importance 重要性。分析句子，reliance on 译为“对……的依赖，信赖”，是固定短语。此处表示北京对污染能源的依赖。C项符合句意。故选C项。

23．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意为：放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好决定。A.project项目；https://www.docsj.com/doc/1c8086684.html,mitment承诺，投入，花费；

https://www.docsj.com/doc/1c8086684.html,petition比赛；

D. ambition志向。根据句意可知，故选B项。

24．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：上个月，洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态，当时对杀害黑人乔治弗洛伊德的抗议演变成了暴力行为。A.state 状态；B. condition 条件；C.situation 情况；

D.circumstance环境。a state of 表示状况，这里指洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态。故选A。25．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：痛苦的经历使她的感情枯竭，但她不是那种被命运打败的扭曲的女人。A. damage破坏；B. collapse崩溃；C. twist转动，扭曲；D. share分享。结合句意表示“扭曲”，故选C。

高考英语易错题解题方法大全：单项选择[上]

高考英语易错题解题方法大全：单项选择上 【示例1】_____ Jinan you see today is quite _____ different city from what it used to be. A. The, 不填 B. 不填, a C. The, a D. A. a 【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析:以为专有名称前不用冠词而误选B。 【解题指导】第一个空后有定语从句修饰特指今天的上海市，用the ; 是一座不同于过去的城市，所以第二个空应该用不定冠词。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C. 【练习1】—Has the little girl passed ______ P.E. test? —She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have _____ third try. A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 【错解分析】由于没有掌握序数词前用不定冠词表示“又一次，在一次”的意思而误选D。【解题指导】本题考查序数词前用不定冠词的用法.第一空特指体育测试，用定冠词；她尽管两次都未通过，但教师允许她再考一次.a+序数词表示“又.再”，故选C. 【答案】C 【示例2】His speech was hard to understand because he kept jumping from one topic to _____. A. other B. the other C. the others D. another 【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析：选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构 【解题指导】使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在one 后使用the other，而考虑用another。 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习2】It’s sometimes difficult to tell one twin from _____. A. another B. some other C. other D. the other 【错解分析】误选A原因是以为另一个应该用another。 【解题指导】twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用one … the other … 这一结构 【答案】D 【示例3】10. “He is said to be a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.” A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere

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