文档视界 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档视界 › 专四写作要点

专四写作要点

专四写作要点
专四写作要点

Part One TEM-4 写作考试作文概述

二.历年作文真题题目

TEM-4 写作的题型

A.比较选择类作文

B.意义,重要性,危害性说明文作文

C.观点论证类作文

D.提出建议,解决问题类作文

E. 现象解释类

2. 十七年来便条写作的命题方式

从以上列表分析,我们看出TEM-4 便条写作有如下命题特点:

1)TEM-4便条写作的题材—围绕学生们日常生活中发生的情况来命题

2)TEM-4 写作的体裁—告示,祝贺,道歉,请求,婉拒,安慰,留言,邀请等简单的应用文。

三.评分档次

1.命题作文采取的是整体评分法,即按照考生在四个评分方面的表现,把作文归入正确的档位,然后再按整体印象适度微调。评分档次共有5个(见下表)

评分对字数也有要求:累计字数在150-170之间,扣1分;累计字数在130-150之间,扣2分;累计字数在110-130之间,扣3分;累计字数在90-110之间,扣4分;累计字数在90以下,至多给5分。

2.便条评分标准

1)格式

a.日期(1 分)

正确写法:April 24, 2005 或 Apr.24 或24th April

正确位置:右上角

b.称呼(1 分)

正确写法:Dear Mike,

正确位置:日期下面一行左侧

c.结尾(1 分)

正确写法:Yours sincerely, 或 Yours, 或 Sincerely yours,

注:1. 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣0.5分。错两部分以上扣一分。没有格式扣一分。

2. 人名XXX或汉字扣0.5分。

2)内容与语言

a. 情况描述

b.邀请,道歉等的表达

c. 首句需用自己的语言表达

d. 语言表达较差(包括语法和拼写错误),扣0.5到1.5分;拼写错误超过三个扣1分。

3)字数要求:不到40或超过80扣1分,

Part Two TEM-4 写作考试技巧

一.培养英语写作思维方式

A. 语篇结构

由于中英文化的差异,英汉两种写作思维方式也存在着巨大的差异。英语表达时先说重要,需强调的,然后再解释说明或补上附加条件。所以往往是先提出要求后解释,先说结果后叙述原因或先下结论再说明。如:Solitude produces an exhilaration of consciousness, the consciousness of our innermost being, whatever may be. (斜体部分解释说明consciousness)。

与此相反,讲究名正严顺的中国人写文章时则一般先说明原因后叙述结果,先做说明再做结论。如我们喜用“虽然…但是”,“因为…所以”,“不但…而且”等句式,都是重点在后。

1.常见的英语思维模式

(1)概括–具体型(general-specific pattern)

a. 概括-列举式(generalization – example)

It is interesting to note that iconic models only represent certain features of that portion of the real world which they simulate. For example, a map will only contain those features which are of interest to the person using the map.

Similarly, archite ct’s models will be limited to conclude only those features which are of interest to the person considering employing the architect.

b. 整体-细节式(preview –detail)

It is no surprise that London is the most expensive city to stay in Britain;

we have all heard the horror stories. According to international hotel consultants Harwath’s record report, there are five London hotels charging over 90 a night for a single room. But even if your hotel choice is a little modest, you will be working out nearly twice as much for a night’s stay in London as elsewhere in Britain. Average room rates last year worked out at around 19 in the province compared to 35 in London.

(2) 对照-匹配型(matching pattern)

a. subject to subject

b. point to point

(3) 问题-解决型(problem-solution pattern)

常见作文有:How to Complain, How to Prepare for Final Examinations, How to Solve the Problem of ..

2. 常见的汉语思维方式

螺旋型,即中国人的思维方式是理性与感性联系在一起的,模糊的,属于综合型形象思维。

根据论点在文章中的不同位置,中文语篇思维模式大体上可以归纳为以下几种:

a. 文首型。论文在文首提出,可以使读者马上了解作者的看法和观点,抓住全文的要领。

b. 文中型。论点在文章中部出现,一般先从某个问题,现象下笔,经过论证得出结论,

即论点。随后再补充说明。

c. 文尾型。论点在文章的结尾处才明确地写出,可以使读者感到经过一系列的论述和证

明,结论的出现是水到渠成的事。

d. 隐含型。这种思维模式的语篇根本就没有明确提出观点。这得靠理解上下文的意思甚

至言外之意,读者自己概括,推断出原作者的观点。

下面是一篇中文式的英语写作:

Should Students Do Business or Not

In recent years, doing business is very popular on the campus. More and more college students spend more and more time doing business. This phenomenon causes

a lot of hot argument. Is it right or not? In my opinion, we can’t say it is right

or not directly because the reason is complex.

On the one hand, many students do business in order to reduce the burden of their family because their family has not enough money to support them. So their doing business is reasonable. We can’t say it is not right. As to those students whose families are not very poor, some of them doing business just want to practice in the society and gain some experience. Earning money is not their main purpose.

We can’t say it is not right either.

But on the other hand, doing business is wrong. Students should not do that because their task is learning knowledge. Doing business must take some time, and time is very precious in the college. So doing business is wasting time. The more business students do, the less knowledge they learn. Which is more important? of course, the knowledge. Some students will ignore their study with the more and more they earn. They will be controlled by the money; their souls will be twisted by the money.

In a word, whether students do business or not is decided by the purpose they hold. They have different reasons, so we should look at the question more objectively.

再比较一下著名作家丁玲在《青年恋爱问题》中的节选:

恋爱妨不妨碍学习?有些人不敢谈恋爱,怕妨碍了学习。

我对这个问题的看法是即妨碍又不妨碍。既要谈恋爱就一定要谈。找你的对象去见见面谈谈话,必然要占去一部分时间……学习时间因此减少一些……说恋爱完完全全一点也不妨碍学习是假,但我所说的恋爱不妨碍学习时怎样解释呢?事情处理得好,可以减少妨碍,而且还可以利用其他的方法补救。如果一个人把恋爱处理得很好,很顺利……所以主要的还

不是妨碍不妨碍的问题,而是看自己如何处理的问题……

学生习作的展发思维模式及语气与丁玲的文章在以下几个方面完全相同:(1)着手问题的方式相同。

(2)讨论的问题方式相同。

(3)论点提出的位置相同。

一位美国教授对这篇习作的评价是:

(1)文章回避作文所提出的问题:“should or should not?”没有直接表明这两种观点所采取的立场和态度。这种思维方式不符合英文思维方式。

(2)从结构上来看,该习作没有将主题句置于引言段,违背了写作展发原则,不符合英语语篇思维模式(general - specific),相反却是中文语篇思维模式。

B.段落结构

1.英式严密的逻辑关系,表现在句与句之间的衔接紧密,文章恰当使用过渡词,从而使文章读起来流畅通顺。

2.中国学生在句与句之间,段与段之间缺少连贯与衔接,信息的表达也经常是跳跃式的,没有严密的逻辑关系。

C.词汇

(1)一些带文化内涵的词汇不容忽视和乱用,e.g. dragon

(2)词汇的记忆和使用要与语境结合e.g.汉语说“救火”,英语认为这样说是不可思议的,英语应当是“灭火”,“与火斗”,因此是“fight fires”;

同样,“黄色”在汉语中可以指“淫秽”,故有“黄色书刊”,“黄色录像”的说法。

而在英语中,“yellow”则无这样的伴随意义。英文中“blue”倒是伴有这样的

文化内涵。

由此可见,写作绝不是简单的语法,句子,词汇的运用,也不是简单的框架结构和段落安排,而是一种交织着浓厚的社会,文化观念的语言思维运动。因此,掌握一定的写作技巧,从跨文化交际的角度掌握英汉两种写作模式的差异,培养英语思维习惯,对提高英文TEM-4写作水平是十分必要的。

二.掌握TEM-4 文章的写作顺序

第一步:审题,确定立场,列出理由(3-5 分钟)

1.明确文章的主题和写作目的,确定文章的内容和写作范围

2.只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由,防止遗忘(可采用主题式提纲)。

注意事项:

1.确定采用的文体:记叙文,描写文,说明文还是议论文

2.避免两个极端:第一个是用时太少。第二是用时太多。

第二步:正文写作(22-27分钟)

1.段落的写作应给以不同的重视:主题句的写作应给予最大的重视,要注意炼句。

2.考前将文章开头,像例证,让步等句型背熟练,并在练习和模拟时把他们背熟。不要试图在考场上再去决定哪种开头好,怎样结尾。要使用自己选中的套路。

3.被告知还有5分钟结束时,一般应写到最后一条理由,或者已经做结尾了。

4.要确定文章有结尾段,不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性。

第三步:检查(1-3 分钟)

检查包括四个方面:

1.句法,要确保每句话都是完整的,有谓语,且简单句只有一个谓语。

2.时态,文章大部分使用的是一般现在时;第三人称要用单数;使用过去发生的事例时要用过去时。

3.书写及拼写错误,包括大小写错误,拼写错误,主位是否一致,词性等。

4.不要做太大的修改或删掉太多东西,也不要加上一大堆新的东西。

三.避免TEM-4 考生作文常见的错误

1.混淆口语体和书面语的区别

有些考生在写作过程中使用极具口语特色的词语和句式,甚至连标点符号都打上了口

语体的印记,使文章显得十分幼稚和情绪化,例如,在议论文在中,大量使用well,

why, why not, you know, how to be happy, what do I know, some think, my god…

2.词汇量小,频繁使用一个词

3.卷面潦草

4.表达不清楚

表达不清楚地后果很严重,如果评卷教师无法判断考生的用意,就无法给分。

例如:In this way, animals could keep balance with nature, nor did people with

nature. If the population would keep growth, the species extinction couldn’t

also alter.

四.TEM -4 写作词汇的选择

1.关键词的重复

反复出现具有同样语义,同样形式的词汇。用此方法可使话题的焦点更为集中,使读

者的注意力不被分散。

2.使用泛指词

在实际写作中,过度使用关键词重复会给人一种词汇贫乏,表达单一的感觉。此时,除可使用人称代词(he, they, she, etc.)和指示代词(the, this, these, that, those, etc.)外,还可使用泛指词(general word), 如在文章中遇到有关人,事情和地点是,即使用泛指上述概念的词来做替代,英文中有people, person, thing, place, truth, fact, etc.等。

3.用同义词和反义词

4.上义词和下义词

有些词在语义上由类属联系,或表示整体,或表示局部的关系,或表示集合的关系,

学生可利用这种语义关系使一些词相互替代或同时出现。例如:“professional”是

“doctor,teacher, lawyer etc.”的上义词,“doctor,teacher, lawyer etc.”

是“professional”的下义词。再如:organs (上义词)—liver, lungs, hearts,

kidneys etc (下义词)。

5.词的组合搭配

词的组合搭配是一般的组合关系,而不是一般的组合关系。我们不能孤立地看词项的

关系,因为有些词并非名词,而是动词,形容词和副词,难于放在一起分类。但这些

词项倾向于在同一个语境出现,具有语篇衔接力。例如词组搭配表结果关系,即一个

词项的出现是另一个词项语义上的结果,具有一定的因果关系。如“kill”会导致

“death”, “heavy rain”会导致“flood”,有了“question”就必然有“answer” .

练习:

比较以下各组句中的选词,分析他们中的哪一个更适合于英语专业四级考试中常见的

议论文或说明文体。

(一)

A. Her answer was short but accurate.

B. Her answer was short but hit the nail on the head.

(二)

A. The boy looked at the stranger in an angry way.

B. The boy angrily stared at the stranger.

五.TEM -4 写作造句

英语专业四级作文所考查的首先是考生的语言表达能力,然后是谋篇布局的写作技巧,最后是思想观点的阐述。因此,英语专业四级作文主要是考查考生是否具有能通过正确,熟练,地道的遣词造句表达自己思想的能力。

1.语法正确

由于考生在写作时的随意性比较大,所以无意识中会出现语法错误,例如:

① Every man, woman, and child were asked to go to this evening party.

② I left the classroom after the lecture was finished.

③ He looked out and saw a young lady coming through the window.

④ It’s high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.

⑤ There has been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.

为了更好地掌握语法,下面列举一些英文写作中场出现的基本句型和表达方式:

①条件句的表达

To be a good teacher, you should…

If you want your dream to come true…

Only by taking measures can men…

②原因的表达方式(because, since, for, seeing(that),considering that, now that, in that, etc)

Seeing that he is ill…

Computer is very useful in that

Now that I am well again…

③比较的表达方式

Some computers can work 500,000 times as fast as human being.

I prefer bike to car.

④否定的表达(but, except, without, lack, fail, rather, than, etc.)

It is never too old to learn.

I fail to persuade him.

⑤独立结构的表达方式

To our relief, …

All things consider…

As is well known,…

2.结构意义完整

① Many people in our country prefer riding bike to go to work. Because it is cheaper and convenient.

② He loves the dog better than his brother.

③ However, too many examinations probably make us very tired and nervous, and waste

our time and useless at all.

3.句型的多样性

句型多样化指在语法正确,结构完整的前提下,根据句意使句式富有变化,重点突出,以增加文章的“闪光点”。下面是几种常见的变换句型的方式:

①运用从属连词(after, because, if, although, so that, etc.)

e.g The thief disguised himsel

f. No one would recognize him.

②运用分词,不定式短语,介词短语和副词等,置于句首,使句子多样化

e.g. He saw an old woman get on the bus, he quickly stood up to offer her the seat. ->

③运用同位语形式

e.g. My desire to go abroad will soon become a reality. It has been a dream all of

my life.

->

④使用强调句,倒装句

e.g. It must be made use of properly, then it can produce good effects.

->

4.用英语思维,锻造地道的句子

① For example, you work in a big factory.

->

② He will get a higher salary to improve his living level.

->

③ Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things.

->

④ They like an active life but not a peaceful life.

->

⑤ They cannot think clearly

->

⑥ Parents always think that children will get a good job and earn a lot of money. ->

⑦ In order to suit the needs of entering into work, students must grasp some technical skills.

->

六.掌握TEM-4 作文的写作模式

1.比较选择类作文

(1)比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向

1)典型题眼

①Television as a Better Source of Entertainment

② A balanced Diet: A Better Way to Stay Healthy

③Is a big University Superior to a Small University?

④Which School do You Prefer: A Boarding School or a Day School?

⑤Home Education Outweighs Oversea Education for Young Children.

变通形式:1. Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (2004 TEM-4 作文题)

变通形式:2. The Difference of My College Life and My Middle School Life(1996 TEM-4 命题作文)

2)结构模板(point to point)(alternative )

特别声明:此题型强调在比较A和B若干不同点之后做出选择,主要段落发展模式为:Point by point.

3) 可变通的语言模板

4) 范文

① Directions: Internet and printed books are two popular ways to get information. Which one do you prefer to? State your point of view clearly.

A Better Way to Get Information – Internet

It is said that the 21st century is the “century of information”. The ways for people to get information are varied. Between two main sources, internet and printed materials, I hold that internet is an obviously superior choice to printed books.

My belief that internet is a better way to get information than printed books is based on the following two reasons. The first reason is that internet can provide us with information more conveniently. Just getting on the line, finding the right website and typing in the key words we want to search for, in several seconds, we can get thousands of pieces of relevant information. Sometimes, we can even get the exact message we want. But by reading books, we have to spend much time finding the right books, the right chapters, and then the right pages. The second reason for my preference for internet is that it can transmit the newest information much faster than printed materials. Internet can tell us what is happening throughout the world in a few minutes. But if you want to get the same information in printed materials like newspapers or magazines, you have to wait until they are published.

According to the above mentioned reasons, we can easily draw the conclusion that compared with the printed materials; internet is for sure superior in conveying information.

② Directions:When we decide to attend college, some people think school brand is the most important factor to be taken into consideration, but others hold that major is more important. Which weighs more, do you think, a school brand or a major?

Major is More Important than School Brand in College Choice After years of preparation for high education, it is time for high school students to decide which school to enroll. Among various factors, school brand and major become the most important factors to be taken into consideration. Between them I hold major as more important than school brand.

My preference for a good major rather than school brand lies in the following reasons. The first one is that an ideal major can motivate me to make greater efforts in academic study. As a popular saying goes, interest is the best teacher. With a major of great interest, I will exert more efforts on it and more inspiration will come out. But in a famous school with no ideal major, though there are learned supervisors, and excellent teaching facilities, I will feel dull with no academic interest. The second reason is that a good major means a good occupation in the future. The reputation of a famous college is very important in job hunting. But what employers need are facilities who do special jobs. So they pay more attention to the employees’ quality and ability in specialties.

From what we have discussed above, we can safely get the conclusion that major outweighs school brand in our decision of college entrance.

(2)比较两种做法的利弊,表明倾向

3)典型题眼

①Where to live: in the City or in the country?

② Where to Eat: in a Restaurant or at Home?

③ Whether to Further Study or to Find a Job Soon after Graduation?

4)范文

Directions: Every July is the time for graduates to decide whether to further study or to find a job. Some students take part in graduate entrance examination, but others want to work as soon as they graduate. Suppose you were to graduate, which one do you prefer?

Which to Choose: to Further Study or to Find a Job?

A survey says that in recent years more and more students enter for postgraduate entrance examination. But many people argue against the tendency. They hold that to find a good job soon after graduation is more practical. Actually, different people have different opinions as to the question whether we should further study in graduate school or we should begin work, because both have their advantages and disadvantages. As far as I am concerned, I want to be more knowledgeable and capable through postgraduate study.

Many people appreciate the bright future a master’s degree may bring to them. Three years’ accumulation of knowledge is more likely to enable them to solve more challenging problems. And it is a fact that in many cases a graduate has more chances to get a promotion, and to have high salary than an undergraduate. But a promising job after college graduation is also attractive, especially when the job hunting competition becomes more and more fierce. A job in hand is worth two in the future. Another three years’ study means a delay but more heated competition.

However, both of them have their own problems. Academic study in graduate school may by difficult for a freshman from college who has no practical experience, which may be also a problem when they search for a job three years later. Those without a master’s experience may come across many problems too, like special knowledge inefficiency, and research ability inadequacy.

So, given me the chance, I would choose to further study in graduate school.

(3)同一事物的利弊比较

2)可变通的语言模板

3)典型题眼

①The Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking a Part-time Job

②Write an article analyzing the positive and negative effects of TV

advertisements

③Cellphones: a Blessing or a curse

4)范文

Cellphones: a Blessing or a Curse?

High-technology has played an important role in our life. And the communicative medium we benefit most is cellphones. Though some people worry about the trouble they may bring to us, I do believe that cellphones can be a blessing in our life. Among the countless factors that influence my decision there are two conspicuous aspects.

One of the advantages of cellphones is that they bring us a lot of convenience. As a means of communication, cellphones make it possible to call any person anywhere at any time, which seemed impossible decades ago when one had to stand in the telephone box to make a call. Now we can call a friend when we feel lonely at a distant place, and we can call an ambulance immediately when an accident occurs though there is no telephone available at hand. Another reason for my preference is that they are a good way of entertainment. With them, we can take pictures, listen to music, and play simple games as well. In this way cellephones make our life convenient and

colorful.

However, we must admit cellphones do bring us some troubles. Short messages, which inform you of a big prize, promise you a special service, and sell you even arms and cars, really annoy both police and cellphones users.

On the whole, cellephones can be a blessing and a curse. Everyone should admit that their merits outweigh the troubles they bring to us, which after, is a problem of how to use them properly and safely.

2.意义,重要性,危害性说明类作文

这是TEM4中常考得题型,他们多有明显的题型标志,如2000年和2003年有明显的字样“Importance”;1997年和1999年的命题形式明确要求对事物的利或弊做一边倒的论述;2001年要求考生说明旅游在开阔视野方面的意义。

1) 结构摸板

3) 典型题眼

① The Importance of Extracurricular Activities (2000)

② The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood (2003)

③Travel Broadens Our Mind

4) 范文

A Major Disadvantage of Advertising on TV

TV advertising plays an important role in promoting commercials. With skillful creation, charming images, and bright colors, TV ads become a consuming guide. With the rapid and wide conveyance of advertising, advertised products are soon acknowledged. But when we appreciate the advantages of TV advertising, we must admit that it does bring us some troubles. The serious one is that TV advertising has interfered in people’s normal life.

The interference of TV advertising in our normal life is reflected in the

following ways. Firstly, in almost every ten minutes a television program will be interrupted by commercials for a couple of minutes, which ruins good television shows and our mod to enjoy the shows. To make use of audience’s interest in the shows, advertising is arranged so skillfully that it is annoying to find that what you are patiently waiting for is only the end of the show after the irritating ads. You will feel cheated. Secondly, TV advertising interferes in our life also in that some of them mislead people with flowery phrases and empty promises, arousing an acquisitive desire for material things, and thus confusing our real needs.

Our discussion about the disadvantages of TV advertising is not to get rid of them from our life, for they do benefit us in many ways. We want to suggest that TV advertising should show more respect for audience, and should take more responsibility to guide people’s consumption.

3.现象解释类作文

3) 典型题眼

①Teenage Smoking Soars

②Why College Students Have Difficulty in Finding Jobs?

③ The Reasons for the Young Children’s Crimes

4)范文

Why do College Students Have Difficulty in Finding Jobs?

In recent years college graduates are facing greater challenge in job markets. To avoid such an embarrassment, many students even choose to further their study to wait for another three years for a possible job opportunity. The reasons for the employment difficulties lie in the following three aspects.

Firstly, the enlarged college enrollment supplies more than enough graduates with a certain specialty. There has been an overabundance of executive secretaries, lawyers, etc. Therefore in the contest for a single position by tens of hundreds of graduates, most will suffer the failure. Secondly, job-finding difficulty also comes from the curricular design of many colleges. They have not adjusted their majors and subjects to meet the demand of modern society, so that students cannot find a position in the market to apply their knowledge in practice. Thirdly, I believe the difficulties also come from graduates themselves. The job demands are quite unbalanced between developed areas. A large number of graduates would rather stay jobless in big cities than take positions in small or underdeveloped cities.

Taking all these reasons into account, we’d like to suggest that the government should have a micromanagement in college enrollment and major design, and students should have a broader and more reasonable view about careers.

4.观点论证类作文

这是TEM-4作文的命题形式之一,他们或者以一个疑问句的形式出现,如“Is money all powerful?”或者在情景中交代一种社会现象或一种做法,让读者发表观点,标志为“Do you agree or disagree?”“What’s your opinion?”如:“Most high-level jobs are done by men. Some people think the government should encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women. Do you agree or disagree?”

3) 典型题眼

①Is Money All Powerful?

②Is Thrift Necessary in Modern Society?

③Do You Agree with “Euthanasia”?

④What’s your opinion about reducing children’s excessive assignment?

4)范文 My View on Man-Made Beauty

The Chinese traditional saying “Clothes make a person”reflects the importance of “appearance”. Nowadays, such a belief has its new content. Many people, especially young girls or ladies, are not content with getting more beautiful by clothes. They turn to a more challenging practice of physiological reform to make them man-made beauties. I don’t think this practice should be advocated.

The desire or beautiful appearance is one of human natures. The operations may really mean something to some people. At least they turn more beautiful. But a coin has two sides, and so does the made-made beauty practice for the two following reasons. Firstly, one’s appearance is the God’s blessing, and has been one part of our life. The reform of the original physiological structure may bring great harm to our body. After breast enlargement surgery, many women look sexier than before. However, many of them are found mammary gland disease. The more serious effect is that they risk being unable to breast feed. Secondly, the advocating for such a practice will mislead people in the judgment of true beauty. The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content. It should include many virtues like honesty, diligence, etc., which should be the real mainstream of our spiritual life. The practice and some contests about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop correct concept of beauty.

Concerning the above possible harms the practice may bring about, we are strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty.

5.提出建议,解决问题类作文

1) 典型题眼

①One Way to Solve the Problem(1998)

②The Best Way to Save Power

③One Way to Solve Transportation Problem

④ How to get along well with roommates in the dormitory?

2)结构模板

4) 范文 The Best Way to Solve Power Insufficiency

Every year, especially in summer, power insufficiency troubles production and our life. Many and varied proposals are presented to solve this problem. Some people suggest building more power plants to alleviate the insufficient power resources. Some others suggest saving electricity consumption to ease the heavy burden. I agree with the latter and my specific advice is that turning up air-conditions one or two degree higher is the best way to solve this problem.

This suggestion is based on the following two facts. Firstly, it does save a large amount of power. According to the statistics about the power consumption in East China in 2004, more than 30% of it came from air0conditions from hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, pubic entertaining places, and our ordinary families. To make them feel comfortable, people turn air-conditions on almost all day and even night long at a rather low temperature. Suppose one or two degree is turn up, the whole amount of electricity consumed would get down. Secondly, we believe it is the best way to solve power insufficiency also in that it will help people to establish thrift awareness. Many problems including power sufficiency are caused by waste. If young children learn to save every unit of power and every citizen learn to take social responsibility, in the long run, power insufficiency and many other problems will be solved forever.

From the above evidence, we can easily see the effect of the advocate for turning up air-conditions a little higher. We expect everyone will be the expert of saving energy.

六.掌握TEM-4 作文的命题范围

1.校园生活五大看点:学习,活动,考试,就业,校园现象

-- 上大学的目的是什么?

—学习期间的最大压力是什么?

—课外活动,课外打工的意义是什么?

—和同学(室友)和谐相处最重要的是什么?

—毕业时如何面试?什么样的职业?到什么地方就业?继续读书还是马上工作?

—大学期间如何理财?

—如何看待大学生谈恋爱?

2.社会与家庭六大看点:

教育

—交流促进社会关系的重要方法

—你认为解决城市交通的最好方法是什么?开辟道路?减少车辆?

—你对公共场合吸烟,高声打电话又什么看法?

—如何看待这些浪费现象:饭店里剩菜剩饭,水龙头不关紧,空调温度调得过低?

—关于贫困,作为学生你能够做什么?

—家庭模式有哪些? 你喜欢哪一种?

—家庭关系:怎样看待代沟?能消除吗?解决办法是什么?

3.科技与媒体六大看点:媒体,网络,书籍,电脑,手机,电视—计算机利弊,优缺点,用途

—计算机代替人脑,计算机翻译代替英语学习

—互联网的利弊

—通信手段:电话,手机,电子邮件,写信

—娱乐渠道:电视,电影,网络

—信息手段:读书(书籍,报刊,漫画)与读图(电视),广告—科学技术评论

概要写作--分类讲解

概要写作 分类(叙述类&论说类)讲解 1. 叙述类文章 【文本分析】 叙述类文章主要叙事,即讲述一个故事,往往涵盖5WH(Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)等信息,根据故事的情节发展(Plot Development),文本基本可以分成五个部分: ●引入(Exposition):作为故事的开端,主要交代故事的背景(时间、地点、主要人物、矛盾冲 突等); ●发展(Rising action):故事矛盾冲突不断变化发展的过程; ●高潮(Climax):故事矛盾冲突的转折点,故事最紧张的部分; ●结局(Falling action):故事发展的结局,矛盾冲突的最终解决; ●尾声(Resolution):故事结局的影响,以及作者的总结、思考。 其中,“尾声”部分并不属于情节发展的必要部分,因此并非所有叙述类文章都具备。 【概要写作步骤】 ①根据情节发展的阶段,将文本分成四到五个部分。 ②圈划符合该部分功能、推动情节发展的主要内容,用一句话进行总结。 ③用精炼的语言连接,润色每个部分的概述性句子。 ④认真检查,自检标准:5WH 【例题解析】 Meet The Member Who Quit Sugar When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg. I was a size 20+and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge. It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile. Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy. But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar. It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change -I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was. She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits. But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that. I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time. ⑤Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So

英语四级作文常用短语表达

英语四级作文常用短语表达 1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy 2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people ‘s living standard 3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life 5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that 6. 我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion. 7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention. 8. 不可否认It is undeniable that 9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion / debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned ,/ Personally 12. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 13. 双方的论点argument on both sides 14. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in 15. 对?必不可少be indispensable to 16. 正如谚语所说As the proverb goes 17. 对?产生有利/ 不利的影响exert positive / negative effects on 18. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 19. 导致,引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in 20. 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

大学英语四级写作技巧简介.doc

大学英语四级写作技巧简介 大学英语四级写作技巧简介 之一——文章结构 英文写作一直是学生们的弱项,四级考试将近,大家都很担心写作问题,在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题,以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式展开,题目要求中通常包含三个要点,每个要点为一段(记住,一定要分段),第一段提出问题,第二段分析问题,第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例,2006年12月的题目为spring festival gala on cctv,要求:1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会;2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会;3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象,应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍,“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点,必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点,其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目:an announcement for a voluntary program, 要求:1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者;2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排;3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构,第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动,第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息,第三段解决问题

——怎样加入志愿活动(报名信息)。往年还考过写简历,写演讲稿,论述社会现象等题目,总是跳不出三段式,因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意:1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限,必须采取开门见山的方法,但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题,在这之前可以有所修饰,有导入的成分,但不要太长,一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分,要做到阐述清楚,论证充分,要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成,主题句是观点的高度浓缩,应该言简意赅;扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述,应该做到理由充分,内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结,并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复,另外结尾一定要有所升华,不能仍停留在对问题的描述上,既然存在问题,就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题,大家敬请期待下一回吧!当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高,大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done,如何开头是值得注意的问题,它能确定

演讲稿写作要点概要

怎样写好演讲稿 一、了解对象, 有的放矢演讲稿是讲给人听的,因此,写演讲稿首先要了解听众对象:了解他们的思想状况、文化程度、职业状况如何 ; 了解他们所关心和迫切需要解决的问题是什么,等等。否则,不看对象,演讲稿写得再花功夫,说得再天花乱坠,听众也会感到索然无味,无动于衷,也就达不到宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏的目的。 二、观点鲜明,感情真挚演讲稿观点鲜明,显示着演讲者对一种理性认识的肯定,显示着演讲者对客观事物见解的透辟程度, 能给人以可信性和可 *感。演讲稿观点不鲜明, 就缺乏说服力,就失去了演讲的作用。演讲稿还要有真挚的感情,才能打动人、感染人,有鼓动性。因此, 它要求在表达上注意感情色彩,把说理和抒情结合起来。既有冷静的分析, 又有热情的鼓动 ; 既有所怒,又有所喜 ; 既有所憎,又有所爱。当然这种深厚动人的感情不应是“挤”出来的,而要发自肺腑, 就像泉水喷涌而出。 三、行文变化,富有波澜构成演讲稿波澜的要素很多,有内容,有安排,也有听众的心理特征和认识事物的规律。 如果能掌握听众的心理特征和认识事物的规律, 恰当地选择材料, 安排材料, 也能使演讲在听众心里激起波澜。换句话说, 演讲稿要写得有波澜,主要不是 *声调的高低, 而是内容的有起有伏,有张有弛,有强调,有反复,有比较,有照应。 四、语言流畅,深刻风趣要把演讲者在头脑里构思的一切都写出来或说出来,让人们看得见,听得到,就必须借助语言这个交流思想的工具。因此,语言运用得好还是差,对写作演讲稿影响极大。要提高演讲稿的质量, 不能不在语言的运用上下一番功夫。写作演讲稿在语言运用上应注意以下五个问题: (一要口语化。“上口” 、“入耳”这是对演讲语言的基本要求,也就是说演讲的语言要口语化。演讲,说出来的是一连串声音,听众听到的也是一连串声音。听众能否听懂,要看演讲者能否说得好,更要看演讲稿是否写得好。如果演讲稿不“上口” ,那么演讲的内容再好, 也不能使听众“入耳” ,完全听懂。如在一次公安部门的演讲会上,一个公安战士讲到他在执行公务中被歹徒打瞎了一只眼睛, 歹徒弹冠相

英语四级写作常用短语句型

四级写作 一、写作词组 1、第一 In the first place First and foremost To begin with The most important factor that we have to take into consideration is … 2、第二 Secondly In the second place What is more Further more Moreover 3、第三 Thirdly In addition Besides Additionally Besides what’s mentioned above , it’s necessary to think about… In addition to what’s talked about above. it’s necessary to think about …

4、转折 However Nonetheless(虽然如此,但是) Nevertheless(然而,不过) 5、所以 Therefore In naturally follows that … (由此可见) Consequently As a result 6、总而言之 In conclusion To conclude In a/one word 二、三大方法 1、写引导词 With the development / society / culture / economy / information technology / industry / commerce / industrialization and commercialization more and more people are paying attention to … / attention is paid by more and more people to … (一般这俩句连着用在开头)

小学生日记写作要点

小学生日记写作要点文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

怎样写好日记 把自己一天中的所见、所闻、所感、所做有选择地记录下来,就是日记。很多研究和探讨证明:写日记是提高写作能力的一种行之有效的方法,是一条最佳的途径。写日记是对自己毅力和恒心的锻炼,形成了习惯,习惯又迁移转化为能力,写作水平自然会提高。 写日记,即便是一行字,也是在写文章。不断增加写的次数,写文章的能力就会不断提高。要想写日记,就必须得从一天的生活中寻找日记的素材,但是我们每天的生活大多是日常的反复,怎样从平凡的生活中提取素材,这就需要一定的观察力。所以说,写日记也是在培养仔细观察的能力,从而养成良好的观察习惯。 按理说天天写日记才是最好的锻炼,但是考虑到有一定的难度,不过多地增加孩子们的学习负担,日记就变成了“周记”。很多同学觉得写日记特别地难,不知道该写什么,或者说对写日记的认识还很模糊。下面从日记的内容、要求、方法三个方面来浅谈日记的有关知识。 一、内容 内容丰富多彩,可以无所不包。选材也很自由,想写什么就写什么,有话则长,无话则短。形式长短不论,记人、记事、议论、抒情均可。 二、要求

日记的第一行,要写清年、月、日,还要写上星期几和天气情况(晴、阴、雨、雪、风等)。第二行空两格写正文。 有选择地记。每天发生的许多事,不可能也不必要全部记入日记,选记自己认为最重要、最值得记的事就可以了。 必须真实。事情必须是亲身经历的,感想必须是真情实感。对所见之事不能随意夸大或缩小,要实事求是。 日记最好是当天的,不要补记。 三、方法 1、仔细观察 自己身边的人和事写起来比较容易,但是要想写得详细、具体、完整,需要花时间仔细地观察。比如写自己喜欢的玩具,可以从几个方面着笔,①玩具怎么来的②它的外表是什么样的③这个玩具怎么玩④平时总是和谁一起玩⑤你是否喜欢它,为什么。这样就能把一个物品写得很详细、很明白。日记材料就在我们身边,但是不注意观察,也会视而不见。因此,平时要细心观察自己周围的事物,包括看到的、听到的、想到的以及自己所做的。 2、从生活中寻找日记素材 生活中惊天动地的事情很少,大多是一些平平淡淡的小事情。对学生而言,每天必须做的事情,不外乎是上课、写作业、课间娱乐等等,可是,当你学到了新知识,答对了一道题,学会了一种新玩法,发现了一个小秘密……一定会很激动、很兴奋,在脑海

2019高考写作指导-《概要写作》方式及技巧

高中英语写作指导-《概要写作》 该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。 (一)高分要诀 1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。 这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。 2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。 3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。 4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

此外,在写作时,要尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who 等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语。 5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。注意要点之间的衔接。 概要写作中的衔接过渡词汇:

列举过渡目的过渡让步过渡承接过渡first of all first second third in the first place initially to start with furthermore in addition moreover what’s more finally with the aim of for the sake of with a view to for the purpose of although it is true...that even though of course certainly admittedly indeed true as soon as as a matter of fact so to speak however as it were day after day year in and year out 举例理由时间总结 as an illustration for instance one example for example just as in particular such as namely to illustrate a case in point take...for since by virtue of so given as a result of because (of) due to in view of on account of owing to the reason why in other words lead to for this reason before since as until meanwhile at the moment when whenever as soon as just as according to all in all to summarize in summary in conclusion as a consequence lastly by and large finally consequently to sum up hence

英语四级作文常用的30个替换词

英语四级作文常用的30个替换词 1) 大多数人 most people→ the majority of the population 2) 经常 often→frequently 3) 我相信 I believe→ from my standpoint, from my perspective 4) 必须 must→ it is a must for us to… 5) 知道 know→ be aware of 6) 因为 because→in that 7) 最后 at last→eventually 8) 然而 but→however 9) 如果 if→provided that 10) 各行各业的人 all kinds of people→people from all walks of life 11) 引起,导致 lead to→contribute to 12) 人 people→individuals 13) 好的 good→desirable, beneficial 14) 坏的 bad→undesirable

15) 很多many→ numerous 16) 越来越 more and more→ a(n) increasing/mounting number of 17) 很 very→extremely 18) 方面 side→aspects 19) 表明 show→demonstrate, indicate 20) 利用 use→utilize 21) 因此/结果 so→therefore 22) 部分 part→proportion 23) 提高 improve→enhance 24) 改变 change→transform 25) 强调/重视 emphasize→ attach great importance to 26) 培养 develop→cultivate 27) 破坏 destroy→undermine 28) 解决 deal with →tackle /figure out 29) 普遍的 everywhere→universal 30) 明显的 obvious→apparent 31) 在当今社会 in the modern society→in the current society

(完整版)作文写作要点

作文写作要点 一、写人作文的写作要点: 写人在记叙文主要是通过对人物外貌、语言、动作、心里活动的描写和典型事例的叙述来反映人物的思想、性格、品质、爱好等特点。想要写好写人的记叙文,应当从以下几个方面入手: 1.首先要塑造好人物形象 塑造好人物形象就是要把一个人写得活灵活现。我们要写好一个人,当然要通过对人物的外貌、语言、动作、心里、所作所为等方面的描写来完成的。 2.要学会选用典型事例 人与事是分不开的。要表现一个人,当然要通过具体事例,也就是他得所作所为。一个人做事很多,在写作文时外貌应该选择那些最能表现人物思想、性格和特点的典型事件。 3.要懂得运用细节描写 刻画人物性格离不开细节描写,精彩的、传神的细节描写能使你笔下的人物栩栩如生、性格鲜明。 二、写事作文的写作要点: 叙事作文主要是对事件的全过程或某一段、某一侧面进行叙述和描写。写事作文应注意什么? 1.交待事情的六要素 要交待清楚时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。让读者明白文章写的是什么人,在什么时候,什么地方发生了怎样的事,结果怎么样。 2.记事要遵循一定的顺序 一般要按事情发展的顺序来写,把一件事的起因、经过、结果写清楚。重点部分(一般指事情发展高潮处)要详写。写具体,写详尽,给读者以深刻的印象。 3.写出事情所蕴含的启示或道理 写事实为了说明一个道理,这也就是作文的中心思想。我们写一件事,当然要揭示这件事情对我们的启发,或者揭示出一件事情当中所蕴含的道理。 三、写景作文的写作要点: 写景就是对景物进行描写。写景作文应注意以下几点: 1.按照观察顺序写景 一般写景方法有定点写景和移步写景。在固定的地点进行观察、描绘景物的方法叫定点写景。移步写景就是一边走一边看,描写时,要先交代清楚到了什么地方,再介绍看到什么。 2.描写景物要抓住景物的特点 风景吸引人,是因为景物形状的奇特,色彩的艳丽等。所以我们描写一处景物时,一定要把景物的主要特点找出来,然后进行描写。 3.描写要生动形象 写景时,要恰当地运用比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法,力求语言生动优美。 4.景物描写要融入自己的感情 写景的目的是为了抒发自己的情感。在描写景物的过程中要融入我们自己的情感。 四、写物作文的写作要点: 写物就是对事物摹形描状。状物可以锻炼我们的观察能力和描摹能力。状物时应注意什么?

英语四级作文常用词汇

英语四级作文常用词汇

1.校园生活类: 1)大学学习类: application from 申请表assignment 作业instructor 辅导老assessment (对学生的学习情况)评估course arrangement 课程安排credit 学分dean 导师 enrolment\register for 注册oral examination 口试 graduate school 研究生院 letter of recommendation 推荐信participation 出勤postgraduate 研究生president 校长 required course\compulsory course 必修课optional course 选修课score\mark 分数school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院take an examination\sit an examination 参加考试undergraduate 本科生 2)大学生活类cafeteria 自助小餐厅call slip 索书单campus 校园club 学生俱乐部current account 现金帐户 current issues 本期刊物 back issues 过期刊物

catalogue 目录 deposit money in a bank 存钱 dining hall 食堂 dormitory 宿舍

lecture hall 阶梯教室 library card 借书卡 overdue and pay a fine 过期罚款 renew (借书)续借shopping mall\centre 购物中心 society 学生社团 student union 学生会withdraw\draw cash 取钱 2.交通旅游类 1)交通规则类 crash 撞车 amber light 黄灯 cross road 十字路 drive without license 无证驾驶excessive speed超速green light绿灯traffic jam交通拥挤 narrow road 窄路red light 红灯 parking place 停车场speed limit 速度限制traffic light 红绿灯traffic police 交通警察 traffic regulation 交通规则 zebra stripes 斑马线 2)旅游类词汇check-in 登记入住 check-out 结帐离开(退房) holiday resort 度假区one-way ticket 单程机票place of sightseeing 游览胜地room service 客房服务round-trip ticket 来回机票sightseeing tour 观光旅游 star-rated hotel 星级饭店tour group 旅游团队tour guide 导游travel service 旅行社vacation tour 度假旅游tourist attraction 旅游胜地 3.社会热点类 bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会birth control 计划生育 brain drain 人才外流 bubble economy 泡沫经济 care forsenior citizens 关心老年人comprehensive national power 综合国力 compulsory education 义务教育 computer crime 电脑犯罪 divorce 离婚 dropout student 失学儿童 economic globalization\economic integration 经济全球化

写作要点概要

材料写作要点 一、帽 二、正文 1)第一部分一般结合政策理论,加强部门政策理论学习和业务学习。 2)第二部分结合部门工作,对各项工作业务做出安排。三、工作要点的写作技巧 一)正文帽和指导思想的写法相似。一般由大政方针、地方工作重点和工作原则、需要达到的工作目标组成。前一部分写国家、政府的大政方针,后面结合部门工作发展重点,要达到的目标进行概括。 二)正文第一部分紧扣社会发展重点。正文的第一部分,要与XXXX相结合,明确加强政策理论学习,以及业务学习。前一部分如果说是高举,这一部分可看做紧跟,紧密联系大局,服务大局。这部分写作要求多关注时事,了解当前国家大政方针和社会发展重点,可参照上级文件,予以借用。三)其余部分紧扣部门工作业务。每一项具体业务都是正文的一部分。这部分写作技巧: 1.参照上一级业务部门的文件。可根据上一级关于业务的指导精神,及业务发展要求,结合本部门工作实际进行写作。有的行业指导比较紧密的单位,可参照上级工作要点拟定本部门工作要点。

2.参照上一年度工作要点。一般上一年度工作要点,对本部门工作业务有个全面安排,有的工作目标不是短时间完成的,可在上一阶段的基础上继续开展部署工作。 3.积累工作资料。平时工作中多留意,积累工作资料,对下一步工作开展重点和方向进行预判,并收集相关资料,如果可行,列入下一年度工作要点。 4.请示领导。一般重要部门,有专门负责这一业务的单位和领导,会对下一年度工作提出要求,列出要点提纲,只需按照提纲展开,征求相应单位的意见即可。如果部门不重视,可提前拟出要点草稿,逐一征求相关主管领导意见,进行增补删改。不管写任何材料,除非有保密要求,都要向领导汇报,否则,责任重大。 5.征求业务部门意见。提前征求业务部门关于下一年度要点或工作安排意见,在此基础上进行修改完善,一般业务部门拟定的数据不可随意变动,汇集整理成文后,有的重要数据可画出着重符,由领导定夺。 四、结尾

英语专业四级作文常用单词(整理版)

英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语下面列出的是一些应试作文的常用单词、短语。其中的动词、名词和形容词都是应试作文尤其是议论文写作时应该熟练运用的单词,而适当地运用下面这些短语对提高作文的措辞水平、提高作文得分大有好处。常用的形容词和副词: absurd 荒唐的addictive 上瘾的affectionate 有感情的aggressive 有上进心的 alert 敏锐的;警惕的arduous 费劲的artistic 艺术的authoritative 权威性的 awkward 尴尬的balanced 平衡的cogent 使人信服的cold-blooded 冷血的 cold-hearted 无情的compatible 兼容的complicated 复杂的compassionate 富有同情心的confident 自信的contemptible 可鄙的contributive 有贡献的corrupt 腐败的 delicious.美味可口的demanding 要求高的detrimental 有害的devious 偏离正道的dishonorable 不光彩的disturbed 受到干扰的ccentric 古怪的economical 经济的 evil 邪恶的exotic 异国的enlightened 开明的;文明的fallacious 荒谬的 fashionable 时髦的feasible 可行的fictitious 虚假的flexile 灵活多样的 fruitful 有成效的glamorous 富有魅力的gorgeous 辉煌的humane 人道的 incompatible 不调和的;不相容的mpressive 令人印象探刻的ignorant (of) 无视的;无知的 inborn 天生的inconceivable 不可思议的indecent 不妥的;不检点的indifferent 冷漠的 infectious 传染性的indispensable 不可或缺的inexhaustible 取之不尽的inferior 低人一等的 infirm (身体)弱的influential 有影响力的inhumane 不人道的inquisitive 多管闲事的 initially 首先insalubrious 有害无益instructive 有教育意义的intellectual 智力的 interim 中间的;过渡的interpersonal 人际关系的intimate 密切的inviolable 不可侵犯的 inward 内在的Irreparable 不可挽回的irresistible 不可抵抗的irritating 恼人的 isolated (from) 隔绝的laudable 可赞誉的lavishly 大方的legitimate 合法的 loyal 忠诚的luxurious 奢侈的magnanimous 宽宏大量的mature 成熟的 misleading 误导的money-oriented 向钱看的multilateral 多方面的misrepresented 不如实叙述的nourished 有营养的obscure 晦涩的palatable 美味的old-fashioned/out of date 过时的perilous 危险的permissive 宽容的;许可的pernicious 有害无益的pornographic 色情的 potential 潜在的practical 实际的;务实的preferential:优惠的pressing 紧迫的 professional 专业的prosperous 繁荣昌盛的prudent 明智的prevailing 占主导地位的;流行的psychological 心理上rational 理性的resentful 愤怒的reverse 相反的 rewarding 值得的ridiculous 荒谬的rigid 严格的rough 粗略的 shabby 破旧不堪的sheltered 受保护的sociable 好交际的self-contemptuous 自卑的 sole 惟一的stern/strict 严格的stressful 有压力的stringent 严厉的 stylish 时髦的superficial 表面现象的tempting 吸引人的time-honored 久享盛名的traditional 传统的typical 典型的unadvised 轻率的uncompromising 不妥协的unconcerned 冷漠的uneasy 不自在的unethical 不道德的unfeeling 冷漠的 unhealthy 不健康的unified 同一标准的unwholesome 不健康的unjust 不公平的 utterly 完全;绝对地unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的unsociable 不善于社交的untimely 不和适宜的 unique 独特的vexing 令人烦恼的voluntary 自愿的vulnerable 易受伤害的 vivid 形象的well-grounded 有充足理由的abolishment 废除wholesome 健康的常用的名词absurdity 荒唐;谬论abuse 滥用achievement 成绩acquaintance 熟人 admiration 崇拜adaptation 改写;适应adventures/explorer 探险者adverse impact 负面影响adversity 逆境affection 友情/感情alienation 疏远ambition 志向 amusement 娱乐anecdote 轶事apathy冷漠无情approach 鼓掌 architecture 建筑association 联想;联系assault 攻击assessment 评估 athlete 运动员art 艺术availability 可得到的东西barrier 妨碍

英语四级写作常见问题及解决方案

最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻! 洛基英语,免费体验全部在线一对一课程:https://www.docsj.com/doc/1414540468.html,/ielts/xd.html(报名网址) 导读:英语四级写作常出现的问题,及解决办法,熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念,学会遣词造句,词汇的准确性,当不会写,或者写不好的时候,要想写好作文,题材不同,思路不同...... “折戟沉沙铁为消,自将磨洗认前朝。”每次大学英语四级考试,许多考生总会在这场“无硝烟的战斗”中饱受煎熬。他们总会存在这样一个问题,四级考试为什么这么难,什么原因导致自己总是通不过四级考试,又该如何提高英语成绩,如何通过大学英语四级考试(CET-4)。特别是对于很多学艺术的同学而言,能否顺利通过四级考试将直接关系到他们的保研资格与前途。针对以上问题,我特意写了这篇文章,通过教学与实践,对考生存在的问题以及解决方法作全面地解剖,希望对各位考生能够有所帮助。 四级考试从1987年以来已经走过了23个年头。2006年6月实行新四级考试,12月份开始全国将全面推行新四级考试。对于新四级考试,我们可以清楚地看到,虽然考试难度较之以前有所偏易,但是考试本身对于英语的全面考察却是加强了。来源:上考试大网校,考试轻松过关 新四级考试,题型分为写作、快速阅读、听力、基本阅读、选词填空、完型填空和汉译英。就我个人而言,写作、听力和阅读(快速阅读和基础阅读)是重点,因此考生对于这三部分的得分多少,将直接决定着其考试分数的高低。 下面就让我们依次来解析一下。 第一、写作。 (一)存在问题 1.不会写 所谓不会写指的是,当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手,不知如何提笔进行写作。笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因:一是考生的确无话可说;二是心里虽然有话,但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思前想后、犹豫不决,始终不敢提笔进行写作。 2.写不好 所谓写不好就是,拿过作文题,没有明确的写作思路,不按套路出牌;或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作,不符合英语写作标准,近而没有文采。原因在于:第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯;第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。

高中作文写作技巧大全讲解_高中作文指导

高中作文写作技巧大全讲解_高中作文指 导 本文从网络收集而来,上传到平台为了帮到更多的人,如果您需要使用本文档,请点击下载按钮下载本文档(有偿下载),另外祝您生活愉快,工作顺利,万事如意! 作文写作技巧:写人记事内容生动 知识要点: 1、写记叙文,会具体地写人记事,有较明确的中心思想。 2、会恰当地选择材料和组织材料。 3、能写清楚事情的起因、经过和结果。 4、能运用具体的事例写出人物的某些特点。 作文写作技巧:展开想像拓宽思路 知识要点: 1、运用联想和想象,丰富表达的内容。 2、生活是想象之源,想象是作文的翅膀。 3、养成联想和想象的习惯。 文贵创新突出个性 知识要点: 1、多角度地观察生活,发现生活的丰富多彩,捕捉事物的特征,力求有创意地表达。 2、所谓创意,即创造、创新之意。

作文写作技巧:多读多写养成习惯 知识要点: 1、多读多写是一条通向学好作文的成功之路。 2、良好的写作习惯对写作来说尤为重要。考试说明:鲁迅曾经说过:文章应该怎样做,我说不出来,因为自己的作文,是由于多看和练习,此外并无心得或方法的。 作文写作技巧:工于记实善于写虚 知识要点: 1、叙述、描写和说明是三种记实的能力。 2、议论和抒情是两种写虚的能力。 3、根据表达的中心,选择恰当的表达方式。 作文写作技巧:文从字顺有条不紊 知识要点: 1.文从字顺是写作的基本要求,它反映着作者驾御书面语言的能力。 2.人们对语言的一种敏锐的感觉,叫语感。语感在写作中起着极其重要的作用。 作文写作技巧:理清思路和理结构 知识要点: 1、结构是文章的骨骼。 2、一篇文章要写的条理清楚,层次分明,前后一

四级写作常用短语

英语四级写作常用短语 开头部分: 1.In order to… 2.The goal …目的 3.it guarantees that… 4.According to a recent survey… 5.With…随着… 6.Nowadays 中间部分: 7.one obvious problem is that… 8.another is that… 9.Everything has two sides. 10.b e blamed for… 11.o ne of the most important ones… 12.B esides… 结尾部分: 13.i n my opinion… 14.o n the other hand… 15.O nly in this way…(后面的句子要用部分倒装) 16.I t’s necessary that…(此句要用虚拟语气,即后面的句子的动词要 (shoule)+动词原形) 17.B y these ways.

18.p ay more attention to(介词) 19.A s for me 对我来说 20.W hat I’m concerned most is …我最关心的是……………………其他的……………………………………………… https://www.docsj.com/doc/1414540468.html,ck of … 2.traditional virtues 传统美德 3.not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首,连接两个分句 时,第一个从句主谓要倒装 Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working. 4. behaviors 5. eliminate vt. 消除;排除 6.

三年级作文写作要点

三年级作文写作要点 ●叙事作文 叙事六要素:时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。 叙事文怎样写:1.首先介绍时间、地点、人物。 2.描写关键的一件事或者几件事,描写几件事时注意详写与略写。 3.思想感情。 请注意:如何选事:○1切合题意,围绕中心 ○2选择自己熟悉的事物 如何叙事:○1抓住要点 ○2注意顺序 ○3真情实感 ●写人作文 ◇人事不分家,通过事来表达人物的品质 写人作文怎样写:1.描写人物外貌,突出外貌特点。 2.与她/他发生的事情,或者是她/他独立完成的事情。可主要写一件 事情,也可详写一件事略写一至两件事情(重点在人物上)。 3.她/他对你的印象以及你对他/她的思想感情。 请注意:如何刻画人物:○1肖像描写——从人物的容貌、神情、衣着、姿态、语言等 方面对人物进行描写,突出人物特点。 ○2语言描写——从对话和独白进行描写,突出人物特点以及 中心思想。 ○3动作描写——抓住人物特点,对关键动作进行描写,把人 物写“活”,表现人物性格。 ○4心理描写——注重真实、恰当合理与客观,有根据的描写 人物内心活动有助于更深刻的刻画人物形象。 ●写景作文 景:自然风光、各种建筑物等 写景作文怎样写:1.对景物进行描写,突出其特点。 2.进一步细致的描写景物,可运用想象与联想赞美它,也可写与它有 关的故事等。 3.通过对景物的描写,抒发自己内心的情感(例如赞美,喜爱,敬仰 等)。

●状物作文 状物作文怎样写: ○1动物:1.外形(个头、长相等)抓住特点进行描写。注意描写顺序。 2.习性、生活习惯。 3 .思想感情(喜爱等) ○2植物:1.外部特征。 2.生长过程,生长习性。 3.思想感情。 ○3物品:1.外观描写,抓特征(大小、颜色形状等) 2.他与我之间发生的故事。 3.思想感情。 ●看图作文 看图作文怎样写:1.看懂图,把握中心。 2.进口画面,合理想象。 3.抓住重点,突出中心。 ●想象类作文 请注意:想象需合理 ●童话寓言类作文 请注意:想象需合理 ●日记 请注意:1.描写时注意时间顺序。 2.真情实感。 ●读后感 请注意:1.写作紧紧绕观看材料。 2.真情实感。 另: ◆作文题目与内容相符,不要离题。 ◆段落分明,条理清晰。 ◆多运用名人谚语、成语、修辞(拟人,比喻,排比等) ◆标点符号正确运用 ◆书写规范,不要有错别字 ◆卷面整洁,工整

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档