SAT语法讲义-学生版

SAT 语法讲义浙江大学外语学院

孙静

SAT 语法部分简介

语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中的写作(writing)板块，与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块的总分。SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中，是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语（Standard Written English）的掌握程度，并非琐碎复杂的语法知识，SAT语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入，规则也不尽相同。其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。因此SAT的语法具有特殊性，它追求的是“好的语法”，是恰当的，最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。SAT的语法规则，也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样，是一种“the rules of good written English”，具有准确，清晰，简洁的特点，杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。表现在做题方面，不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否，而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。这就大大提升了题目的难度。比如说有些句子在TOEFL中是对的，但是在SAT语法里面就是错误的，因为它不够简洁有效。

整个语法部分包括三种题型：ISE(Identifying sentence errors，即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences，即句子改进题)、IP(Improving paragraphs，即段落改进题)，所有题目均为五选一。SAT语法部分的49个选择题分布在两个section，其中ISE（句子挑错题）18 小题、IS（句子改进题）25 小题、IP（段落改进题）6 小题。三种题型所考查的侧重点各不相同，从OG和真题上对各部分考试目的和内容的解析中可以得出这一点。如在ISE的介绍中，对考生的要求是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors”，强调语法和固定用法的使用是否正确；而IS对考生的要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences”，从语法知识转移到了清晰，准确，简洁的表达方式。这种题型对中国学生而言要比句子挑错题更难适应，由于在中国的英语教育中，（尤其是大家在中国的写作考试过程中为了凑字数往往是故意把句子写得比较废话）对于“简洁”这一知识点的训练几乎是空白，而这恰恰又是修改句子的重要解题思路；IP与前两种题型的差别较大，要求考生“to understand how the sentences and the paragraphs work together”，既然是考查句子和段落之间如何作用，那么除了修改句子结构，合并句子的题目外，还会有一部分题是要求对文章做出相应的改动、插入、或者提炼文章主题。

样题（题目横线下面有字母，要求选择有语法错误的一项。）

The other (A) delegates and him (B) immediately (C) accepted the resolution drafted (D) by the neutral states. No error (E).

SAT 语法

一、名词Noun

(一)、语法知识梳理

１．可数名词的复数

表示两个以上的概念时，可数名词应该用复数。

①一般情况下，在单数可数名词之后加s；

②如果是以s, sh, ch, x, z 结尾，则加es；

③如果以o 结尾，一般情况下加es，某些情况下只加s，如radio - radios, photo - photos, piano - pianos 等；或既可加s，也可加es，如buffalo - buffaloes(s), volcano - volcanoes(s), mosquito - mosquitoes(s)等；

④如果是以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加es；

⑤如果是以元音字母加y结尾的，则只加s；

⑥如果是以f或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es，在某些情况下只加s，

如roof - roofs，cliff - cliffs, gulf - gulfs。

⑦特殊复数形式

man – men, foot – feet, goose – geese, child – children, mouse – mice, datum – date, medium – media, radius - radii

２．不可数名词

不可数名词，如物质名词和抽象名词，无复数形式，前面不能接a/an, one, two, three, each, several, many, these, those, 等表示具体数量的修饰词，但可接the, some, much, a little, lot of, a great deal of, plenty of, 等。做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：air, smoke, steam, sugar, salt, rice, equipment, dust, love, luck, enjoyment等。

３．某些不可数名词变为复数后，具有不同的意义

常考的这类名词：

color 颜色——colors 旗帜custom 习俗，习惯——customs 海关，关税force 力量——forces 海陆空三军glass 玻璃——glasses 眼镜

work 工作——works 工厂authority权威——authorities 当局

nature 自然，性质——natures 性质paper 纸——papers 文件，证件

sand 沙——sands 沙滩time 时间——times 时代

water 水——waters 水域，海洋manner 方式——manners 举止，礼貌humanity人类——humanities 人类的品德oil 油——oils 油画

４．以s 结尾看起来象复数形式，实为单数的名词

某些名词，如疾病名称，科学名称，比赛名称和专有名称，以s 结尾，看起来象复数形式，实则为单数，故谓语动词用单数，而且它们的前面不能接不定冠词a/an，常出现的这类名次包括：Athens, athletics, billiards, checkers, civics, diabetes, economics, electronics, ethics, gymnastics, genetics, linguistics, mathematics, measles, mechanics, mumps, Naples, news, obstetrics, pediatrics, Philippines, physics, politics, statistics, the United States, works, 等

注意：Statistics 当译为“统计数据”时，是复数；当译为“统计学”时，为单数。

Economics当译为“经济政策”时,是复数；当译为“经济学”时，是单数。５．单数和复数形式相同的名词

某些名词的单数和复数形式相同，因此，谓语动词的数通常得视其修饰语而定。常考得这类名词包括：aircraft, carp, Chinese, craft, crossroads, barracks, bellows, deer, gallows, gross, Japanese, headquarters, hover, means, moose, salmon, series, sheep, species, swine, Swiss, trout, work, 等

６．集合名词

①大多数集合名词只有单数形式，使用时，如果表整体，谓语动词用单数；表成员，则用复数，常考得这类名词包括：audience, band, board, committee, class, club, company, congress, crowd, couple, crew, family, firm, flock, government, group, herd, jury, majority, management, party, school, team, union 等

②有的集合名词，如people, police, folk, public, cattle, militia, poultry, livestock, youth, vermin, folk, mankind 等常作复数使用，谓语动词用复数。

7．number of 与名词连用的单数或复数问题

the number of 作句子主语时，谓语用单数；a number of 作句子主语时，谓语用复数。８．名词的所有格

①所有格的形式

●单数-‘s ：Helen’s doctor，a dog’s tail，the boss’s secretary

●复数-s’ / -‘s ：ladie s’ hats，girls’ dogs，children’s toys，men’s hats

●复合名词最后一词+ ’s：my father-in-law’s hat，somebody else’s car

●共同所有- 最后一名词+ ’s Helen and Mary’s school

●个别所有- 各加’s Helen’s and Mary’s school

②无生命名词的所有格

无生命名词的所有格不能在词尾加’s，一般须用of 来表示；但表时间，距离，长度，重量，价格，国家，城市，地区，地名，机构等的名词，拟人化的名词，放在sake 前面的名词，以及其他的惯用语，也可加’s 或’构成其所有格。如：a week’s holidays, ten mile’s walk, three pounds’ weight, the country’s plan, for God’s sake, to one’s heart’s content 等。

③名词的双重所有格

名词的双重所有格，由of 短语和表示人的名词的’s 物主代词构成，前面一般有限定词this, that, these, those, a/an, some, any, no, another ,each, two, several, such, which, what 等。如：He is a friend of my father’s.他是我的父亲的一位朋友。

That remark of yours is quite correct.你的这个看法很正确。

Which play of Author Miller’s do you like best - 你最喜欢阿瑟.米勒的哪个戏剧？

(二)、考点解析

SAT语法中关于名词的考察，最常见的问题就是“一致”问题，主要指名词跟其他名词之间是否一致。

＊PRACTICE

1. Although (A) they have (B) radically different career plans, Luna and Gabriei both (C) hope to be a Michigan State graduates (D) one day. NO ERROR (E)

2. No matter (A) when they came from or what (B) their previous lifestyle is (C), the refugees were grateful (D) for having been granted political asylum in the United States. No error (E).

OG P145-3；OG P409-12；OG P471-17；OG P776-12；OG P802-9；OG P837-11；

OG P839-25；OG P957-19；OG P957-28

二、代词（Pronoun）

纵观SAT的语法考试，我们发现代词在考试中占有举足轻重的地位，很多的题目都与之相关。所以以后考试中出现代词划线，一定要万分注意。SAT考试是考察应试者对于英语标准书面语（也就是我们常说的Standard Written English）的掌握，所以我们一定要做到标准化。

代词在语法中的作用：代词---（Pro-noun），所以我们代词是用来指代一个名词(noun)。

(一)、语法知识梳理

１．代词的一致性

代词和它的先行词要注意在性、数和人称上一致，即男/女性的先行词用男/女性的代词，单/复数的先行词用单/复数的代词，第一、二、三人称的先行词用第一、二、三人称的代词。

２．人称代词

①人称代词的主格和宾格形式不同，要注意选用正确的形式。

②在并列的主语或宾语中，总是先排第二人称代词，再排第三人称代词，而把I 和we 或其宾格me 和us 放在最后。如与其他代词并列，人称代词在前；与其他名词并列，人称代词一般放后。

③在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

３．反身代词

反身代词不能作主语或复合主语的一部分且反身代词必须与所代表的名次保持数、性和格的一致。

４．不定代词

①不定代词有：all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone, etc.. ②不定代词的功能与用法

除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。

●all 都，指三者以上。

all 的主谓一致：all 的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。

all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，但all 可与表时间的可数名词单数连用。

all 还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如all China，all my life，all the way

③both 都，指两者。

●both 与复数动词连用，但both…and…可与单数名词连用。

●both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前，be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词

后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。

④neither 两者都不

●neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

●作定语与单数名词连用，但neither…nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语

采用就近原则。

●可用于下列句型，避免重复。She can't sing，neither (can) he.

⑤不定代词one和you都可以用来表示“无论谁，人人”的意思，但是以个是第三人称，一个是第二人称，故在指代同一个人的时候不能又用one，又用you。同样，也不可以用all 和you。

⑥each, every 的用法。each 可用作代词，后面可以不跟名词，every是形容词，后面必须跟名词；each 和every作形容词使用时，后面的名词虽然有and 连接，为复数概念，谓语动词仍须用单数。

５．关系代词

①关系代词不仅指代先行词，而且引导从句。who 用来指人，主格是who，宾格是whom，所有格是whose；whose 指人或动物；which 用来指动物或物；that 指动物或物，或指作为一个阶级或一个类型的人。

②that 可以代替关系代词who, whom 或which。换句话说，that 的先行词可以使人或物，但是，有下列情况之一者，宜用that：（a）当先行词前面有最高级形容词或序数词时，（b）有the only, the very, the same, the first, the last, all, no, little, much, none, any, every 等时，（c）有疑问代词时，（d）先行词由人和其他动物或物一起构成时。

③关系代词what 具有先行词和关系代词的双重作用，即，what=the thing (things) that (which)。注意：what 已经包含先行词在内，所以在其前面不能再有先行词。

④as, but, than 本来是连接词，但在下列情况可作关系代词使用：（a）as前面有as, such, the same，（b）but 含有否定意义，相当于that…not, who…not, which…not，前面的主句有否定词，如no, nor, never, hardly, scarcely，（c）than 作关系代词使用时，前面必须有比较级形容词修饰。

６．物主代词

物主代词只与其真正的先行词保持数方面的一致，而不考虑修饰它的介词短语、同位语、以及其他说明性短语。形容词性物主代词后一定跟名词；名词性物主代词后不能修饰名词。

７．指示代词

that, those的用法。当一个名词在同一句子里第二次出现时，如果指同一类型的人或物而不是同一个人或物，那么可以用that 代替单数名词或不可数名词，用those代替复数名词。

(二)、考点解析

1.“This”不能单独充当主语或者宾语

＊PRACTICE

Thomas repeated his perspective that (A) the student, if given (B) sufficient time for (C) preparation, would finish this (D). No error (E)

2. 代词的单复数

SAT考试语法题中几乎每次都会考到代词单复数的情况，所以大家对这个知识点要足够重视。

单数情况出现的代词有--- I，me , my, mine, myself；

you , your, yours, yourself；

he, his, him，himself；

she, her, hers, herself；

it, its , itself；

this, that;

复数情况出现的代词有---we，us, our, ours, ourselves；

you, your, yours, yourselves；

they，them，their, theirs，themselves

these，those；

＊PRACTICE

1. Even though (A) only parts of clay vessels may be (B) recovered, these pottery shards are invaluable to (C) the archaeologist because it is (D) virtually indestructible. No error (E) (OG P601 15)

2. The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined (A) by how long (B) its (C) potency can be protected (D) by the manufacturer’s coating material. No error(E) （OG P602 28）

3. 代词的主格形式(Nominative)和宾格形式(Objective)

主格I you he she it we you they

宾格me you him her it us you them

主格形式一般位于句子的开端，充当句子的主语；

宾格形式一般在动词之后充当句子的宾语，常见的有：

●动宾结构----即及物动词后加宾语，此时代词用宾格形式

●介宾结构----介词后加宾语，代词用宾格形式

＊PRACTICE

My colleague and myself (A) received an award for (B) our paper on the accuracy with which (C) a polygraph measures (D) physiological processes. No error(E)

4. one/ones 划线时不可随意指代，在指代的时候只适用于第三人称

We/You don’t have so-called freedom, because at times what we/you do depends on other people.

We/You don’t have so-called freedom, because at times what ones do depends on other people.

When one is exhausted, he/she is tired of answering others’ questions.

＊PRACTICE

Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D). No error (E) (OG P777 23)

5. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which

who在句子中表示人，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，who也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语；

whom表示人充当宾语；

whose一般用来表示“某人的”，有些情况下也可以表示“某物的”；

that可以表示人，也可以表示物

which只可以表示物。

★SAT考试中并不会考察who和whom之间的区别或者是from which和with which之间的不同点，也不会考察与之相关的固定用法，如in that是什么意思；只会考察他们所指代的是“人的意义”还是“物的意义”：

典型错误：the person which I know

the book who I read

＊PRACTICE

Candy manufactures applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that the students which (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more material than students not exposed to. No error (E)

6.指代不明确

●代词一定要清晰地去表示它所指代的对象，否则就是错的。

＊PRACTICE

The office manager and her coworker, Ms. Andrews, received (A) equal pay for the company until (B) she (C) got a raise for helping (D) to increase productivity. No error (E) ●我们清楚代词的英文写法是pronoun，即代词要指代的对象是一个noun，所以在SAT

考试中，代词指代的如果是一个动词（verb）或者一个句子（sentence），那么肯定是不正确的

＊PRACTICE

1. During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.

(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic

(B) highway and therefore blocking it to all traffic

(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked

(D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked

(E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic

2. David, Jason and Isaac were hiking when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment.

(A) when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment

(B) and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rock

(C) when Isaac fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rock

(D) when Isaac fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rock

(E) and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment

OG P409-19；OG P410-26；OG P471-12；OG P471-18；OG P472-28；OG P534-20；OG P534-22）；OG P535-27）；OG P720-15；OG P721-20；OG P721-27；OG P738-6；OG P776-14；OG P777-25；OG P802-5；OG P838-17；OG P838-19；OG P839-24；OG P839-26；OG P894-15；OG P895-19；OG P896-28；OG P957-21；OG P957-22；OG P957-26

三、形容词，副词( Adjective & Adverb )

形容词和副词的知识点考察从2009年SAT的语法考试中开始广泛出现，估计在以后的考试当中也会不时地出现，所以同学们应该对此知识点做到足够的认识。但总体上来说，此知识点的出题难度并不大，只要大家掌握基本做题的步骤，那么做这种题型应该没有太大的问题。

考点解析

1. adv和adj的用法区分

在英语中，形容词（adj）一般可以修饰名词（n）和代词（pron）；副词（adv）修饰的内容较为广泛，为动词（v），形容词（adj），副词（adv），以及整个句子。

即：adj+n/pron

adv+v/adj/adv/sentence

我们可以大胆地做出如下总结：如果在SAT的ISE题型当中，所划线部分为一个单词既是形容词（adj）也是副词（adv），基于SAT考试语法部分对意思不太苛求，我们可以判断出划线部分一定是正确的。比如常常在试题中出现并被划线的词“alike”。

＊PRACTICE

Something of (A) a phenomenon in (B) the entertainment world, political satirists are admired (C) by conservatives and radicals alike (D). No error (E) (OG P957 23)

2. adj adv考点：

在SAT语法ISE题型中，出题频率最高的是将adj划线，通常改其改为adv; 反之，将adv 改成adj的情况则非常少见。

＊PRACTICE

If (A) I am reading the editorial correct (B), the mayor is deliberately avoiding any (C) discussion of the tax-reform bill until after (D) the November elections. NO error (E) （OG P721 22）

3. adj 识别与判断

在SAT考试中出现比较多的情况有如下几点：

●普通形容词，如“quick”，“smooth”之类

●如“friendly”，“lonely”之类的长相为副词而实际上是形容词

●分词（分词含有形容词的性质）

分词情况比较复杂，一般来说会出现现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词的标志是V+ing；

过去分词是V+ed的形式，要注意不规则动词的过去分词形式。

＊PRACTICE

The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E)

4. 比较级，最高级

在SAT的语法考试中会出现，比较级和最高级的情况；错误一般集中在两者之间用“most”,三者之间出现用“more”的情况和在已经是比较级的词前面加上“more”，如“more stronger”。

＊PRACTICE

In many respects (A) Anna Karenina and Emma Bovary are very similar characters, but (B) Bovary has (C) the most spirit (D) and determination. No error(E) （OG P896 27）

OG P409-14；OG P409-17；OG P776-13；OG P838-12；OG P838-15；OG P956-15

四、时态（Tense）

时态的考察在任何形式的英语考试中都是重点，SAT语法考试也不例外，并且我们发现时态部分向来是中国考生极易犯错的地方；相比于托福（TOEFL），雅思(IELTS) 以及中国的各项英语，SAT语法考试侧重点从句意上转向时态呼应和搭配上。

总的来说，SAT语法考试的时态部分大体可分为以下两个类别：

(一)、语法知识梳理

1. 现在类

●一般现在时

概念：表示经常或者反复发生的动作、行为及现在的某种状态。动词用原形(单三人称动词加s / es) (问句和否定句借用助词do / does)

●现在进行时

概念：表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。am/is/are +v-ing

●一般将来时

概念：表示将来发生的动作或状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。(1) will + 动词原形；(2) am/is/are +going to+动词原形

●现在完成时

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。Have/has +过去分词

2. 过去类

●一般过去时

概念：过去发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。v+ ed (问句和否定句借用助词did)

●过去进行时

概念：表示过去某个时间正在发生或进行的行为或动作。Was/were + v-ing

●过去将来时

概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来;通常出现在宾语从句中，并且要做到时态的主从一致。(1) would + 动词原形(2) was/were +going to+动词原形

●过去完成时

概念：指“过去的过去”，即以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为。had +过去分词

(二)、考点解析

1. 现在类时态和过去类时态混用

＊PRACTICE

One subject of (A) Felipe Alfau’s second novel, published more than (B) 40 years after it has been (C) written (D), is the illusory nature of the passage of time. No error (E) (OG P471 16)

2. 不规则动词的过去时和过去分词

此考点主要还是建立在自己平时对动词三种不同形式的积累上。如：run-ran-run, swim-swam-swum等

＊PRACTICE

Jack often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he

learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used (D) it in the past. No error (E)

3. 虚拟语气的误导

（1）条件句中虚拟语气的形式

虚拟语气在条件句中通常表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，习惯性的用If来进行引导，并且If表达的含义为“如果”；时态的使用通常是正常时态往前退一个时态,并且主句和从句要保持时态上的呼应。

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题

●当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had

等词置于句首。

●当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但

在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were, there were中，只能用were。

●有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

①省略从句

He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。

②省略主句

If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

＊PRACTICE

Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably (B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D). No error (E)

●让步状语从句中的虚拟语气

在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。

（2）其他可能引起虚拟的结构：

●表命令/建议/要求（demand / suggest / advise / mandate / order / propose / advocate /

recommend / decree），且should必须省略。

●it is important that

＊PRACTICE

OG P409-15；OG P471-13；OG P471-16；OG P534-24；OG P535-26；OG P720-19；OG P777-21；OG P803-12；OG P838-13；OG P838-16）；OG P839-21；OG P839-22；OG P894-12；OG P895-25；OG P956-17；OG P957-20；OG P957-24

五、Parallel Structure—平行结构

平行结构的知识点考察在SAT的考试中是必考的一项，然后在中国的高考中对于这个知识点却只有极少的关注度；因此造成了很多同学对于此知识点的掌握不牢固，必然会造成在SAT考试中会丢分。所以综合SAT语法考试的特点总结出以下的考点。

1. 三者之间的平行----N, N, and N（名词，名词，and 名词）

此种题型就是我们常说的“名词，名词，and 名词”的形式，这三个名词是相互并列的。出题的习惯通常划线部分放在第三个，即在and 名词上面划线。

＊PRACTICE

1. Each time Mary turns on her computer，she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B) before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E).

2. Major risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive.

(A) include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive

(B) include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and

physical inactivity

(C) include high blood pressure, blood cholesterol, smoking, and being physically inactive

(D) Includes high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive

(E) Includes high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and being physically inactive

＊PRACTICE

3. Without the invention of the compass, Mike might not have sailed around the world, Lewis and Isaac might not have traveled to Bonn, nor might Kevin’s search for the cities of gold have occurred, either.

(A) nor might Kevin’s search for the cities of gold have occurred, either

(B) nor might Kevin search for the cities of gold

(C) and Kevin’s search for the cities of gold m ight not have taken place

(D) and Kevin might not search for the cities of gold

(E) and Kevin might not have searched for the cities of gold

2. 比较句

此种题型在考试当中几乎每次都可以见到，考点集中在同类比较。出现此题型的标志有：-er; more than; as; like; unlike; compare to/with等

＊PRACTICE

1. In (A) the United States, the industrial use of (B) plastic is (C) greater than steel (D), aluminum, and copper combined. No error (E) (OG P777 28)

2. In a recent year, more tourists from the United States visited museums in Great Britain than Canada.

(A) Canada

(B) Canada did

(C) compared to Canada

(D) Canadian ones

(E) in Canada

3. 两者之间的平行

两者之间的平行一般的几个标志如下：not only……,but also….；neither…. nor……../ either……or……（在SAT中被视为送分题）；….. and / but…..

＊PRACTICE

1. The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) will satisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E) （OG P601 13）

2. Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. （OG P678.13）

(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes

(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of

(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes

(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only

(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste

4. 两个句子之间的平行

两个句子之间的平行，后一个句子之间用逗号加上连词隔开，或者直接用一个分号隔开，标志：and，but，分号等。

虽然句子平行的题目在SAT考试中较少，但对于SAT的写作来讲的确提供了一种很好的结构搭配。比如在Dickens所著的A City of Two Tales这本小说中，第一段映入眼帘的便是一段语气辉煌蓬勃的文字：

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the

age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

＊PRACTICE

1. Driving less (A) frequently is one way to save energy; to turn off all (B) appliances when they are (C) not being used is another (D). No error (E) (OG P720 18)

2. Surface mining is safer, quicker, and cheaper than deeper mining, but the greater is its toll in human misery.

(A) the greater in human misery is its toll

(B) it has a greater human misery toll

(C) in its human misery toll it is greater

(D) there is the greater toll in human misery

(E) its toll in human misery is greater

OG P408-6；OG P408-9；OG P408-11；OG P410-21；OG P410-29；OG P471-14；OG P471-15；OG P472-21；OG P492-12；OG P533-12；OG P533-13；OG P534-25；OG P720-12；OG P720-14；OG P775-11；OG P776-15；OG P776-18；OG P777-28；OG P803-13；OG P863-9；OG P863-12；OG P893-7；OG P893-8；OG P893-11；OG P894-13；OG P895-20；OG P895-22；OG P896-27；OG P925-8；OG P988-13

六、主谓一致

主谓一致的知识点对于英语语言学习的重要性不言而喻，在SAT语法考试当中也得到了充分的证明；然而对于很多中国学生来说，由于中文语法的限制，他们在主谓一致这一知识点上习惯性地犯错。

（一）、语法知识梳理

主语和谓语应在数上保持它们的一致性，即复数主语必须用复数谓语；同样，单数主语必须用单数谓语。所以，基于上面的概述，我们在SAT语法题中一定要清晰地判断出主语和谓语的单复数形式来保证我们做题的正确率。

（二）、考点解析

1. 单复数混用

这种题型相对来说是比较简单并且显而易见的，但是同学们做题的时候一定要十分细心。＊PRACTICE

1. Few issues is (A) as likely (B) to provoke widespread interest as those (C) involving possible danger to (D) the health or safety of children. No error (E)

2. The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs.

(A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at

(B) are demanding assignments and they work at

(C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at

(D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at

(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working at

2. 由and连接的主语

两个名词或者代词有and进行连接并且充当句子的主语，如果它们表示的是两样东西，则需用复数谓语。

＊PRACTICE

1. A job directory and a job service centre that provides (A) information for (B) students in need of (C) employment is (D) available through the school’s guidance office. No error (E)

2. The convenience and availability of watercolor paint account for its popularity with artists.

(A) account for its popularity

(B) account for their popularity

(C) accounts for its popularity

(D) is why it is popular

(E) are a reason for its popularity

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SAT语法

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