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试评_新闻英语与翻译_

试评_新闻英语与翻译_
试评_新闻英语与翻译_

在全球化迅猛发展的今天,世界各国之间在政治、经济、文化等各个领域的合作交流都日益频繁起来。这也对新闻工作者提出了更高的要求,要努力地将国内外的重大事件及时准确地传递给大众。新闻工作者肩负着“让中国了解世界,让世界了解中国”的双重使命,新闻翻译的成功与否对本国人民如何认识世界,世界如何认识中国都有着重要影响。因此,提高对西方新闻的理解能力以及翻译技巧可谓是新时期对新闻工作者提出的新要求。许明武老师的《新闻英语与翻译》(中国对外翻译出版公司,2003)一书正满足了这样的社会需求。

本书的价值在于透彻讲解了新闻英语的独特内涵,在前人的基础上创造性地总结了新闻英语的一般特点和规律。与其他大多数新闻英语相关书籍不同的是,本书不仅仅停留在新闻阅读理解或新闻写作的层面,而是将侧重点放在新闻英汉互译上,通过分析大量的真实新闻,系统地总结出了许多新闻翻译中的基本依据、标准、方法和技巧,填补了这一空白。在许老师的自序中,他提到本书旨在“找出一些规律性的东西,以使新闻翻译更有章可循”。可以说,本书基本上实现了作者的初衷,但由于新闻翻译技巧是在长期积累中体会总结出来的,有些经验又是只能意会不能言传,因此读者仅仅通过学习阅读此书恐怕尚难完成新闻翻译的重任,还必须辅以大量的实践;而且就新闻本身来讲也应尽量摒除千篇一律,实践当中还要具体问题具体分析,因此对于本书中所提到的一些方法及规律如何灵活运用还需进一步

探讨。

本书的正文大致可分为三个部分。第一部分为第一章,在这一章中,作者较为全面地介绍了新闻的相关知识,包括新闻的定义、新闻价值、分类、体裁等。在新闻学中很多概念可谓众说纷纭,没有统一的说法。作者列举了大量不同的观点和定义,指出其中较为重要的和被大家普遍认可的并加以分析。此外,作者比较了中西方对于新闻基本概念认识上的相同与不同之处。在第一章中,作者还概括地讲解了新闻翻译的原则及要点,使读者对新闻的语言、语体、结构以及翻译技巧等得到一个宏观的认识。

第二部分是第二章和第三章,作者介绍了新闻英语词汇和语篇语法的特点及翻译。在第二章中,作者首先介绍了新闻英语词汇的几大特点,即:时髦特点,借用、

掺用特点,模糊特点,以及形象化特点,每一种特点作者都举出了若干实例使读者对其有更深入更直观的理解。然后作者介绍了词汇翻译的一些技巧以及在何等情况下应如何运用等问题。在处理跨文化差异时,可采用直译法、

代换法、增词法以及意译法等,在处理外刊中汉化词语时可采用音译、解释以及按汉语形式直译等几种方法,在翻译英语新词时可采取直译、意译、音译、音义混译、一词多译和省译等方法,对于专有名词则可以采取回译的方式。

在第三章中,作者介绍了新闻英语语篇语法特点,包括新闻英语连接特点、

背景材料穿插特点及语篇修辞特点,随后作者讲解了如何

试评《新闻英语与翻译》

(北京航空航天大学外语系,北京100083)

2006年6月外国语言文学研究

June2006第6卷第2期

ResearchinForeignLanguageandLiterature

Vol.6No.2

87

进行语法翻译。其间,作者将汉语与英语两相对比,指出其异同,并分析在翻译中应如何实现对应。

第三部分是全书的后五章,作者分别介绍了几种主要新闻体裁以及新闻各个主要组成部分的特点及对应的翻译技巧。

首先,在第四章中,作者将重点放在了新闻标题,介绍了标题的词汇、语法、修辞以及形式上的特点,随后作者将中西方标题进行比较,总结出中西方标题中词汇、时态、修辞、标点以及结构形式的差异,最后作者谈了新闻标题汉英互译的基本方法。

在第五章中,作者着重介绍了“消息”这一最常见的新闻体裁,也就是人们经常提到的硬新闻、纯新闻(hardnews)。其中包括消息的结构特点、报道形式、语言特点等。同样,作者也分析了中英文消息的区别,并且介绍了消息英汉互译的一些技巧。在这里,作者重点介绍了两种常用翻译手段:编译和摘译。

在第六章中,作者全面分析了新闻导语的结构、特点、分类、修辞及写作要求等并介绍了导语的翻译技巧,概括起来即根据新闻价值遣词造句。

第七章和第八章中,作者分别讲解了特写和新闻评论的特点和翻译,首先先从定义、分类、结构、写作等各方面介绍了这两种体裁的主要特点,使读者得到一个较为全面的了解,随后作者分别比较了这两种体裁在中西方有何不同,最后作者谈到了针对这两种体裁的翻译方法及技巧。

纵览全书,读者不仅可以对与新闻相关的各种知识有所接触和了解,而且可以通过深入浅出的讲解以及大量实例领会作者介绍的不同翻译技巧。此外,在本书的附录中,读者可以看到作者精心摘选的几篇优秀新闻范例,有兴趣的读者可以检验一下书中所讲的新闻语言与篇章特点在这些范例中的体现,而且还可以尝试运用作者所介绍的翻译方法来实践新

闻汉英互译。另外,在附录中,作者还编排了一些新闻从业人员专业知识和专业词汇供读者参考。

本书在内容与写作上有几大特点:

首先,在每一章中,作者基本都是按照先介绍英语新闻中的某方面特点,再将中西方新闻进行比较,最后讲解对应的翻译技巧及方法的顺序进行编排的;有时在介绍特点之前先将相关理论加以说明,再分析新闻中此特点是如何体现的。这样组织材料符合读者的理解接受层次,有利于读者随着阅读逐步深入的理解书中的内容。

其次,作者选取了大量的真实新闻作为语料库进行研究。在讲解中,这些实例的运用使读者对所介绍的内容得以直观感性的认识。书中援引的实例大都来自中西方权威媒体,文笔流畅,选材广泛,体裁多样,颇具代表性。细细品读这些优秀新闻作品,体会作者在书中所提到的新闻特点在其中是如何体现的,有助于读者更透彻地读懂本书。此外,这些实例大都是中英文对照的,这就给读者提供了很好的机会看到翻译技巧是如何实践的,读者还可以根据书中提到的翻译标准评价这些实例翻译的成功与否。

再次,本书还将新闻翻译实践同语言学其他分支相结合进行讲解,例如跨文化交际、语用学、词法学、语篇分析等,指出了新闻翻译与其他各个学科之间是如何相互影响以及融会贯通的。这些讲解使读者领会到,做好新闻翻译是以对语言学知识的理解和熟练运用为基础的。

此外,作者在书中善于利用形象化的语言进行讲解,有时运用比喻、比拟等多种修辞方法,有时运用描述性语言,有时引用一些具有代表性的言论。这些写作手法减小了读者的阅读难度,提高了阅读兴趣,同时便于理解和接受。比如作者反复提到的Williamson所说的“Yesterday’snewspaperisonlygoodforwrap-

2006年外国语言文学研究第2期88

pingfish.”就精辟地道出了新闻的时效性,这比大段的讲解更能让读者对这一问题有所理解并留下深刻印象。再如在讲到英文评论翻译特点时,作者把“摘译”形象地比喻为“跳跃式”,而把“译文重组”的方法比喻为“跳上跳下式”,真可谓一语中的。

最后,本书信息量大,内容广泛,读者在阅读中不但能够对新闻英语相关知识有所了解,而且通过作者大量的总结以及实例还能够拓展自己的知识面。如作者对英语新闻中出现的同义词、连接词、缩略语等的总结都可以运用到其他领域中。

当然,书中也难免存在一些不妥之处,希望做进一步探讨。

总的来看,本书中对于新闻翻译的讲解所占比重稍小,略显不够充分,从篇幅上看大致只占全书的三分之一,而对于新闻特点的介绍则占据了大量的篇幅。这容易使一些读者产生重点不够突出,头重脚轻的感觉。分析起来,造成这种现象的原因有二:一是作者大概觉得必须要在充分理解的基础上才可以谈翻译,所以过分强调了对于特点的把握,有些本末倒置。二是正如开头所述,有些翻译技巧纯属经验之谈,很难有明确的界定及标准,必须靠长期大量的实践来感悟,因此作者只能用几个实例让读者自己品味,却无法用言语表述清楚。比如第六章中新闻导语翻译一节,几乎就是讲解了英语导语词汇语言特点,并没有讲解翻译技巧,甚至都没有明确指出该节讲解的是英译汉还是汉译英抑或是汉英互译就匆匆收笔。

有些章节对于实例讲解不够详细可以算作本书的另一个缺憾。当然,大部分的讲解都明白详细,尤其是第二章中对于新闻英语词汇翻译以及英语新词翻译的讲解,既指导了具体操作方法,也分析了翻译技巧的适用范围和使用原因,佐以实例,深入浅出,便于读者理解。

第三章中在讲解新闻语篇连接特点时,作者也使用了几段新闻,并在原文中将连接特点的体现全部标注出来,清楚明了。但在有些章节,却出现了只摆例子没有讲解。比如在第一章中讲到翻译是要把握语体,作者就没有充分讲解,只是罗列了大量的实例。尤其是在全书的开头部分,这样做很有可能使读者感到一头雾水,无所适从,产生不愿再读下去的想法。另外,还有些地方仅仅罗列了几种翻译方法而并没有加以比较并分析适用范围,这会使读者在实践中不知如何运用书中所讲到的方法。比较明显的有第二章中关于专有名词回译的讲解,几乎只是罗列了大量的例子却没有讲解如何运用。

此外,虽然本书各个章节内安排得都井然有序,但纵观全书却感觉有多处内容和名称上的前后重复出现。比如第二章中外刊汉化词语翻译,作者提到四种方法,其中有两种都叫做“加解释性文字”,而内容却有所不同,不知是笔误还是实在找不到其他合适说法的无奈之举。还有,在第三章语法翻译中所提到的“物称与人称”和“被动与主动”按照作者的讲解都是一个意思,大可不必分两个标题叙述。另外,第五章中英文消息汉译一节提到了英语熟词的翻译,这和第二章中时髦特点所提到的旧词新译是重复的,甚至其中的某些例子都是重复的,不知作者是为了强调还是什么其它原因。此外,第一章和第五章中都提到了编译与摘译,都做了一番讲解并且列举了实例,是否有不同侧重点,作者未作解释。笔者以为可以将同一话题的内容编排在一起。后文需要再提到时可以用“见**页”来表示。

以上所述仅为笔者的几点拙见,并且大都属于细节上的问题。从总体来看,许明武的《新闻英语与翻译》无疑是一本颇具指导意义的书,无论是新闻工作者还是对这方面感兴趣的读者都能在读后有所收获。

刘威试评《新闻英语与翻译》

89

(完整版)小学三年级英语小故事6篇(带翻译-10到60个单词)

The Thirsty Pigeon A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders. Zeal should not outrun discretion. 口渴的鸽子 有只鸽子口渴得很难受,看见画板上画着一个水瓶,以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过去,不料一头碰撞在画板上,折断了翅膀,摔在地上,被人轻易地捉住了。 这是说,有些人想急于得到所需的东西,一时冲动,草率从事,就会身遭不幸。 The Wind And The Sun One day the wind said to the sun, “Look at that man walking along the road. I can get his cloak off more quickly than you can.” “We will see about that,” said the sun. “I will let you try first.” So the wind tried to make the man take offhis cloak. He blew and blew, but the man only pulled his cloak more closely around himself. “I give up,” said the wind at last. “I cannot get his cloak off.” Then the sun tried. He shone as hard as he could. The man soon became hot and took off his cloak. 风和太阳 有一天风跟太阳说: “看看那个沿着路上走的人.我可以比你快让他把披风脱下来. “我们等着看吧,”太阳说, “我让你先试。 因此风尝试让那个人把披风脱下来.他用力地吹,可是那个人把披风拉得更紧。 “我放弃了,”风最后说, “我无法让他把披风脱下来.”然后由太阳试试看.他尽可能地晒他.不久,那个人很热就把披风脱下来了。

目的论指导下的软新闻翻译案例解析

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