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英语期末复习要点

一、重点专业词汇

1睦邻运动 the settlement movement 2人际距离

3结构式访谈structured interview 4济贫法The Elizabeth Poor Law

5归属需要 6 文化惰性cultural inertia 7弱势群体 Vulnerable groups\disadvantaged groups

8抽样偏差sampling bias9刻板效应effect of stereotype

10人在情境中Person in situation 11教育不平等

12 情绪失常emotional disorder 13社会政策Social Policy

14 归属感

15 攻击行为aggressive behavior

16单亲家庭 a single-- parent family

17潜意识冲突

18情感交流affective interaction 19农民工Migrant workers

20态度改变 attitude change

21职业发展制度career development program

22社会排斥social exclusion 23威信型父母authoritative parent

24就业辅导career guidance 25社会融合social integration 26权力社会authoritative society 27情感教育affective education

28功能主义functionalist perspective 29平均寿命

30职业认同career identity 31镜中我 looking-glass self 32正强化刺激 positive reinforcing stimulus

33情感纽带affectional tie 34机械团结mechanical solidarity

35第一印象 primary impression

36知觉防卫机制perceptual defense mechanism

37积累经验 gather experience

38个人特征 individual characteristics

39情感性依附affectional attachment

40能力发展 41质量保证

42 反社会行为antisocial behavior 43青少年危机

44相对剥夺理论 relative deprivation theory

45趋近行为advent behavior 46样本观察sample observation 47 行为社会化behavior socialization 48行为塑behavior shaping

49被抽样总体sampled population

50身心问题Body-mind problem

51 样本显著性水平sample significance level

52随机抽样sampling at random

53 犯罪人格criminal personality

二、问答题

1、Please list at least three activities or three organizations in the development of social work.

答;1.慈善组织协会:the Charity Organization Society

2.全美社会工作者协会：the National Association of Social Workers

3.汤恩比馆:Toybee Hall

2、Based on the knowledge you have learned from this course, give a definition to social work.

答：：Social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and to create social conditions favorable to their goals;

3、Illustrate at least four roles that social workers may play in helping people.

答：1.ENABLER;

2.BROKER;

3.ADVOCATE;

4.ACTIVIST;

ENABLER：In this role a worker helps individuals or groups to articulate their needs, to clarify and identify their problems

to explore resolution strategies, to select and apply a strategy, and to develop their capacities to deal with their own problems more effectively. This role model is perhaps the most frequently used approach in counseling individuals, groups, and families. The model is also used in community organization primarily when the objective is to help people to help themselves.

BROKER：A broker links individuals and groups who need help with community services. For example, a wife who is frequently physically abused by her husband might be referred to a shelter home .

Nowadays even moderate-sized communities have 200 or 300 social service agencies/organizations providing community services.Even human services professionals are often only partially aware of the total service network in their community.

ADVOCATE：The role of an advocate has been borrowed from the law profession. It is an active directive role in which the social worker is an advocate for a client or for a citizen’s group.When a client or a citizen’s group is in need of help and existing institutions are uninterested in providing services, then the advocate

’s role may be appropriate.

ACTIVIST：An activist seeks basic institutional change;often the objective involves a shift in power and resources to a disadvantaged group. An activist is concerned about social injustice, inequity,and deprivation. Tactics involve conflict, confrontation, and negotiation. Social action is concerned with changing the social environment in order to better meet the recognized needs of individuals.

4、What are three levels of social work practice?

答：Social workers practice at three levels:

☆micro-working on a one to one based with an individual；（一对一的方式）

☆mezzo-working with families and other small groups；（为家庭和其他小群体）

☆macro：['m?kr?u] -working with communities or seeking changes in statutes and social policies；（与各类组织和社区打交道，或寻求改变章程，法律和社会政策）

5、What are the contents of basic knowledge of social work ?

答：theory, models, wisdom, and specialized knowledge.

6、Describe the traditional focus of sociology.

答：sociology is the study of human social behavior and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. It is a social science which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social actions, social structure and functions.

7、Contrast absolute poverty with relative poverty.

答：Absolute poverty；

Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the state of severe deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care, education and information.

Relative poverty

Relative poverty refers to as being below some relative income threshold, where this threshold differs for each society or country. One may be relatively poor, without being in the state of absolute poverty; relative poverty is often considered as an indirect measure of income inequality.

8、Which forms can Social welfare take?

答：Welfare can take a variety of forms, such as monetary payments, subsidies and vouchers, or housing. Welfare can be provided by governments, non-governmental organizations, or a combination of the two. Welfare programs may be funded directly by governments, or in social insurance models, by the members of the Welfare scheme.

9、Summarized the different culture between China and America.

答：1Collectivism and Individualism

2Independence and Teamwork

3Table manners

4The concept of friendship

10、Talk about your outlook on social work.

答：

11、Give a definition to social worker.

答A social worker is a person whose job is to do social work. Social workers are health professionals who use counseling to help people function in their environment, improve their relationships with others, and solve personal and family problems. They also help people locate and access appropriate

resources for their particular needs.

英语作文知识点总结

话题三：校园生活 be good for 有益于 develop one’s friendship 发展友谊 impress sb a lot 给某人留下深刻印象 it’s always shining inside my heart. 它总是在我的内心里闪耀 benefit a lot from 在---中受益匪浅 sth will last in my heart forever 某事将永存我心 unforgettable experience 难忘的经历 lifelong memory 一生的记忆 in one’s mind 在某人的脑海中 keep sth in one’s heart 将---用存心中 I will treasure it forever 我将永远珍惜 provide opportunities for sb 为---提供机会 cooperate with others 与人协助 gain knowledge through reading 通过阅读获得知识 open up one’s mind 拓展某人的思维 result from--- 源于--- scientific studying methods 科学的学习方法 spoken English 英语口语 on one’s own 独自，靠某人自己 turn out to be 结果证明是--- through this transformation 通过这次的转变 practice makes perfect 孰能生巧 keep on doing sth 坚持做某事 no matter how difficult it is 无论多么困难--- try my best to get over--- 尽力去克服--- No pains, no gains 一份耕耘，一份收获 make efforts to overcome--- 努力战胜--- the best way to do sth is 做某事最好的方法是--- set practical goals 设定切实可行的目标 strengthen ourselves both physically and mentally. 在身体上和精神上增强自己be good at sth 擅长某事 believe in yourself 相信自己 try your best to catch up 尽力赶上 make rapid progress 快速取得进步 as long as 只要 willing to make an effort 愿意付出努力 positive attitude 积极的态度 sth is the power that drives you to success 某事是驱使你成功的力量maintain a positive attitude 保持一个积极的态度 keep us feeling optimistic 让我们感到更加的乐观话题八：个人观点、建议

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商务英语写作技巧

商务英语写作技巧 How to Become a Good Writer and Particularly, Business Writer Writing is not an easy task，一位优秀的作者总是发现连写满一页纸都是一件困难的事，因为每句字词的组织都花费心力、每个语气都须反复斟酌。词汇、语法和风格的正确性是基础，但还有更多是超越这些基础之外的，比如say what you think and reach for the best word。写作是输出，它已经相距思想跳跃了一步。一位思想者可能不是一位优秀的写作者，正如孔子、苏格拉底的思想都须他们的学生记录。A good writer is a writer who does not say more than he thinks：他/她能用最熟悉简单的语言，最精确地传递思想，没有歧义，也没有冗长拖沓，段落干净整洁，读来流畅自然。一位优秀的作者也不会过分使用时髦的词语

（overuse of vogue words），这就像一位摩托车手不会时刻按新装上的喇叭一样，因为时髦的词语通常总与深邃的思想相矛盾，也可能只折射出骄傲自大（pretentiousness），它会削弱对内容的把握。细节总是competent (有能力的）writer 注意的，他们会检视写下的内容，看自己作为读者能否理解自己全部想要说的，同时也看内容是否完整、是一个整体。他们有时会联想、会发明，甚至有时候写出的东西跳出了原先的预期，边写就边自行发展了，这也就是“the book writes itself”的境界。当然，他们也懂得叙述展开与清楚明了的界限，能够将最难理解的部分用最简单的文字表达，也不会让不该出现的思绪不知不觉地渗透到字里行间（sifting in unnoticed），和差的作者相比，他们的突出点在于是思想的控制者、组织者，sorting it out later而不是任其泛滥。

小学英语语法总结大全

小学英语语法大全第一章?名?词? 一、定义? 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。? 二、分类? 1.?名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词? 如：??a?? 是普通名词，是专有名词? 普通名词前可以用不定冠词,?定冠词?或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。? 2.?普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。? 3.?专有名词? 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机

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4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：? 1）?,???????????,???用等表示多少。?注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：???????????等。? 如???????.瓶中有很多水。? i'?????.我要告诉你许多好消息。? ?????我们应该收集一些有用的消息。?2）?用单位词表示。? 用a?...??表示。? 如a???（一杯......），a???（一瓶......）? a???（一张......），a???（一双鞋）? 如???（两杯茶）???（五张纸）? 注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。? 如??（200名学生）? ??（10000棵树）?

英语专业论文写作重点知识点整理

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小学英语语法知识点汇总!

小学英语语法知识点汇总！ 01 人称代词主格：I we you she he it they 宾格：me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 02 形容词和副词的比较 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older ,taller, longer, stronger (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 03 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s abook –books

Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 04 不可数名词（单复数不变） bread, rice, water ,juice等。 05 缩略形式 I’m= I a，you’re = you are，she’s= she is，he’s = he is it’s= it is，who’s =who is，can’t =can not，isn’t=is not等。 06 a/an a book, a peach an egg，an hour 07 Preposition on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind. 表示时间：at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

BEC初级至高级全套用书下载链接必备学习

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小学英语语法大全(全套十八讲)

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