Inversion

Inversion

主语和谓语是句子中最主要的成分，它们的语序有两种：

Natural Order ：S+V

Inverted Order ：V+S：

Full Inversion

Partial Inversion

完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does

或did，并将其置于主语之前。

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而

进行的倒装。

前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

Ⅰ.Full Inversion

1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes.

Away they went.

3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：

Among these people was his friend Jim.

他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.

窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

注意：

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是

与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：

In the box was a cat.

箱子里是一只猫。

In the box were some cats.

4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装

有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

Standing beside the table was his wife.

站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

To be carefully considered are the following questions.

下列问题要仔细考虑。

ⅡPartial Inversion

1.疑问句中，一般须部分倒装:

How long have you been here? 你来这儿多长时间了？

What do you think about the movie? 你认为这场电影怎么样？

Why doesn’t he come here? 他为什么没来这儿？

注意：当对句子的主语提问时，一般不用倒装语序。

Who did it just now? 刚才谁干的？

What happened last night? 昨天晚上发生了什么事？

2.

否定词no, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, never，

或半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, few,

否定词的短语not until, by no means, not only…but also…, in no way, neither …nor…, in no time, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…,

及频度状语副词every day, every other day, many a time, often等位于句首时，一般须部分倒装。如：

Neither do I know him. 我也不认识他。

No word did he say before he left.

他一句话没说就走了。

Little did I know about it. 我对它了解得不多。

Not only did he come, but also he brought us good news.

他不但来了，而且给我们带来了好消息。

Often did he come here with a good smile on his face.

他来这里时，脸上挂着笑容。

3. Only + 状语，置于句首时，一般须用部分倒装。如：

Only when I got there did I know the truth. 我只有到那里时才知道事情的真相。

Only in the morning can you meet him. 你只有在早晨见到他。

注意：

(1) Only + 状语不在句首时，不可倒装，如：

I wrote to him only yesterday. 我就在昨天给它取了封信。

(2) Only + 名词做主语时，不可倒装。如：

Only Li Lei can answer this question. 只有李蕾能回答这个问题。

4. as / though引导让步状语从句时，一般须用部分倒装。

Old as / though he is, he works like a young man. 尽管他很老了，但他工作起来却像个年轻人。

Hard as / though he was working, he didn’t pass the exam. 虽然他一直在努力学习，但他还是没有通过那次考试。

Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed. 尽管他还会再试一试，但是它不会成功。as / though引起的倒装分三种情况：表语、动词原形及状语的倒装。

(1)表语的倒装。一般直接将表语提前到句首，若表语是带不定冠词a / an的单数可数名词，倒装后，不定冠词a / an须被省略。

Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases.

Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.

(2) 原形动词的倒装。

A. 动词前面带有情态动词may, might, will, would, can, could等时，只将行为动词提到句首，而这些情态动词保留在原处。

B. 若动词前面没有情态动词时，应在动词原来的位置加上助动词do的适当形式。

C. 用于这一句型的动词一般是不及物动词，而不能是系动词或及物动词。

Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far.

尽管他会游泳，但是他游不得那么远。

Run as / though he did, he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.

虽然他跑，但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。

(3) 状语倒装。

In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts. 尽管他呆在教室里，但他不读书。

Carefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes. 尽管他工作很细心，但还是除了一些差错。

5. may用来表示祝愿时，一般用部分倒装。如：

May you have a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。

May you succeed. 祝你成功。

6.当虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, had, should时，可将if省略，而将were, had, should 提到句首，形成部分倒装。

Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it.

要是他在这儿的话，我们就不会有难处了。

Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early.

要是你工作努力的话，你将早就完成了。

7.当so 用来连接不同的人或物具有相同的情况时，可用部分倒装。

—Tom can speak Chinese. 汤姆会讲汉语。

—So can Mary. 玛丽也会讲汉语。

—Mr. Li has gone to America. 李先生去美国了。

—So has Mrs. Li. 李夫人也去美国了。

但是，若是对同一个人或事的情况表示肯定而重复时，不能倒装。如：

—Li Lei is good at his lessons. 李蕾的功课学得好。

—So he is. 他的确学得好。

—Wei Fang went to the cinema last night. 魏方昨晚去看过电影。

—So she did. 她的确去看过。

8.结构so…that…/ such…that…引导状语从句，当so或such提到句首时，主句须用倒装

语序。

So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.

那个故事那么有趣，大家都想看。

So good a girl is she that we all like her.

她是一个如此好的女孩，我们大家都喜欢她。

Such a good girl is she that we all like her. 她是一个如此好的女孩，我们大家都喜欢她。

9.感叹句中的倒装。如：

Isn’t it beautiful! 难道还不漂亮！

Aren’t you content with it! 难道还不知足！

Exercises

1. _____can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work

B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work

D. Now that he works hard

2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he

B. However he is late

C. However is he late

D. However late he is

3. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn’t the villagers realize

5.—Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?

—I don’t know, _______.

A. nor don’t I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neither

D. I don’t care also

10.—I don’t think I can walk any further.

—_____, Let’s stop here for a rest.

A. Neither can I

B. Neither do I

C. I didn’t think so

D. I think so

12. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.

A. had he arrived

B. arrived he

C. he had arrived

D. did he arrive

13. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____.

A. It was the same with Mike

B. So it is with Mike

C. So is Mike

D. So does Mike

14. ______, I would have given you his address.

A. If you asked me

B. You had asked me

C. Should you have asked me

D. Had you asked me

21. _____the plane.

A. Flew down

B. Down flew

C. Down was flying

D. Down fly

23. ______ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.

A. If

B. Unless

C. Had

D. When

24. Not only ______ a promise ,but he also kept it.

A. had he made

B. he had made

C. did he make

D. he makes

26. There ____ .

A. come they

B. they come

C. they are come

D. they will come

Inversion(倒置法)

Inversion（倒置法） Inversion of W ord Order in Translating W ord-Groups or Phrases（词组或短语的词序倒置） Examples & Drills8.1 Give Chinese equivalents for the following, paying attention to the word order: 1. Four cardinal points: north, south, east, and west. 2. northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest; North and South Poles 3. card-playing, letter-writing, white-washing, absent-minded, open-door policy, time-sharing system, error correcting code 4. contradictions between ourselves and the enemy 5. men and women, young and old; sisters and brothers (cf. boys and girls); dear mother and father 6. the iron and steel industry 7. sooner or later; quick of eye and deft of hand 8. heal the wounded and rescue the dying; life or death; now sink, now emerge 9. the soil and water mixture 10. you, he and I; Lisa, Linda and I; my wife (husband) and I 11. rich and poor 12. food, clothing and housing 13. negative and positive 14. hot and cold (water); hard and soft; old and new 15. back and forth; to and fro 16. by twos and threes 17. right and left 18. loss and gain 19. land and water; fire and water; as well blended as milk and water 20. track and field (events) 21. model worker The coordinating words of an English word-group or phrase are usually arranged according to their shades o f meaning: “each is more impressive than the preceding” (Fowler 1965:92). Chinese word order is often the opposite. Thus a common rule for translation is: English Chinese narrower range →wider range wider range →narrower range less important →more important more important →less important weaker →stronger stronger →weaker Examples: 1. 无地和少地的农民 peasants who had little or no land 2. 丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或半灾荒年就不积累或少积累一点。

分词作定语解析与练习

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Inversion

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